Lapho ebugqilini saqedwa ngo-United States? UMongameli, nokuqeda ubugqila e-United States

Abantu abaningi bayazi lapho isiqalisiwe emkhathini umuntu wokuqala noma seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ingabe abafundi bazi, lapho ubugqila saqedwa ngo-United States futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ogama iyona izinhlanga iyafaneleka? Ubani lo muntu owafaka ukuphila kwakhe lo mthwalo wemfanelo? U-Abraham Lincoln ingenye namaqhawe enkulu eMelika ngenxa ithonya labo ubunjalo kanye Amazing phezu kwabo.

Ebuntwaneni we umkhululi esizayo

U-Abraham Lincoln wazalwa ngo Kentucky. Abazali bakhe Thomas futhi Nensi Henks Lincoln. Uyise owayezoba umongameli iyiphayona eqinile futhi ezimisele, ngubani wathola okuhle inhlalakahle kanye sesibe ngempela ahlonishwayo emphakathini. U-Abrahama wafikelwa omunye udade osekhulile Sarah, kanye nomfowethu omncane, uThomas, owashona ngo-esewusana. Ngenxa umhlaba ingxabano umndeni waphoqeleka ukuba ngithuthe isimo Kentucky e Perry, Indiana, ngo-1817.

Lapha babehlala ngu ukuzingela kanye nezolimo, futhi ekugcineni bakwazi ukukhokhela ukuze ukhiphele yena ezweni. Lapho nguMengameli wezwe olandelayo, yokuqeda ubugqila e-United States, owayeneminyaka engu, unina eshona. Kwakuyisikhathi ukushaqeka esindayo nengane. U-Abraham Lincoln bakhula zihlukanisiwe kakhulu uyise buthule kwakubacasula ukwenza umsebenzi onzima oye esiphathiswe wona kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa Abrahama abasha

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa lapho kufa womshado Thomas Lincoln washada Sarah, umfelokazi Kentucky nezingane ezintathu siqu. Yayingowesifazane obukeka unamandla, umnene nabo Abrahama yashesha ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazali bobabili womfana bekubabantu kakhulu futhi bengafundile, uSara waphikelela ngokuthi u-Abraham Lincoln ukufunda. Lezi zincwadi kusilela esikhulu kule Indiana ehlane.

Futhi kamuva Omakhelwane uyakhumbula, njengoba esikhathini esizayo uMongameli u-Abrahama wahamba amakhilomitha amaningi, ukuboleka incwadi. Wayevame wayefundela umkhaya iBhayibheli nezinye izincwadi ngaleso sikhathi - ezifana "eRobinson Crusoe" noma "Izinganekwane Aesop sika".

Ukuqala ukuphila ezimele

Lapho u-Abraham Lincoln wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili, akholelwa ukuthi ifinyelele ubudala lapho sekuyisikhathi ukuqala ukuphila ezimele. Wayeyindoda abasha lanky, kodwa ngokomzimba enamandla kakhulu, futhi umyalo ezinhle ngembazo. Lincoln Young bathuthela le mphakathi omncane onabantu okusha Salem, Illinois, lapho iminyaka wayesebenza njengoba abadayisi.

Kulapha, phakathi komphakathi, ke ozuza amakhono ezenhlalo hones ithalente yemlandzi, owenze ke ethandwa phakathi bendawo. Ngo 1832 iqala impi phakathi United States futhi aboMdabu baseMelika, no-Abrahama uyahamba ngokuzithandela. Ezimpini empi kwaba bazibandakanye cha, kodwa wakwazi ukuthola oxhumana nabo abathile zezombusazwe ezibalulekile.

Njengoba i-career Ezifuna zezombusazwe

Ngemva kwempi, Lincoln ekuqaleni kwakhe kwezombusazwe futhi wakhethwa weSishayamthetho e Illinois ngo-1834 njengoba ilungu Whig Party. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka imibono yayo omubi ebugqilini. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela kusuka iphuzu zokuziphatha umbono kodwa futhi njengendlela isithiyo abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho.

Ngesikhathi, Abrahama wanquma ukuba abe ummeli, wathuthela Springfield futhi iqala ukuzijayeza e ifemu yomthetho. Ngo-1846, Lincoln wakhethwa ukuba United States House of Abamele, lapho afike wakhonza khona futhi esinye isikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Abrahama ubonisa amandla iqembu lakhe.

Lincoln uhleba neMpi Mexican-American, futhi wabhala bill yokuqeda ubugqila District of Columbia, nge isinxephezelo abanikazi, kodwa enqaba umthethosivivinywa, njengoba ehlulekile abuthele abalandeli ngokwanele. Ngeshwa, asikafiki isikhathi lapho ubugqila saqedwa ngo-United States. Futhi kwakukhona okuncane kakhulu izinqubomgomo enjalo. Ihlandla lesibili Avraam Linkoln akasebenzisi bese uqhubeka umthetho wakhe umkhuba e Springfield.

Lapho-United States waqeda ukugqilazwa kwabantu. Unyaka ka ekuqaleni ukungqubuzana eqolo

Ngawo-1850, ubugqila base namanje zomthetho eningizimu ye-United States. Kodwa jikelele ke wavinjelwa e-United enyakatho, kuhlanganise Illinois, umthethosisekelo kabani yokuqala 1818 unqabela ubugqila, njengoba kudingwa yi-sinqumo North-Western. Ngakho lapho ubugqila saqedwa ngo-United States? Futhi lokhu Lincoln?

Ngo-1854 th Congress sihamba Kansas-Nebraska Mthetho, okuyinto ochithiwe le Missouri Ukuhlehla. Wabenqabela ebugqilini amasimu eMfuleni Mississippi. Futhi manje insimu kungaba ukuzinqumela ngokwabo, kufanele avumele ubugqila noma cha. Umthetho sokucasuka yiqembu eliphikisayo elinamandla e Kansas futhi Illinois. It aqabula intshiseko zezombusazwe ka-Abraham Lincoln, ofuna ekugcineni waqeda ukugqilazwa kwabantu e-United States. Ngo-1856 yena wajoyina i-Republican Party.

Ngo-1857 th iNkantolo Ephakeme yakhipha isinqumo impikiswano, esishoyo ukuthi African-Americans ababengezona izakhamuzi futhi akudingeki amalungelo esingokwemvelo. Kodwa Lincoln wathi ngokuphelele zonke izidalwa ezingabantu zidalwe nge amalungelo athile inalienable. Waze nenselela uStefanu Douglas endaweni yase-US yilungu lephalamende. Kodwa kweSishayamthetho akhethwe Douglas.

Futhi ngo-1860 osopolitiki e Illinois lahlela umkhankaso ekusekeleni Lincoln kwesobumengameli. Okhethweni luka-, u-Abrahama wavuka amaphesenti amane wamavoti. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa entsha, umongameli nesithupha - Lincoln, ngoMashi 1861, eziyisikhombisa uthi eningizimu seceded kusukela Union. Yaqala eqolo kanye nezinxushunxushu eziningi Melika. Kodwa lesi sikhathi kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ngesikhathi ebugqilini saqedwa ngo-United States.

Ukuqala empini kanye nencwadi yomthetho entsha

U-Abraham Lincoln waphendula le nkinga esibhekene nayo, ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye umongameli phambi kwakhe wayengeke alinge. Ukuthatha endaweni yomcebo zamadola kwezigidi ezimbili ngaphandle kwemvume Congress, wachitha ke impi indaba esibizwa amavolontiya abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu kwezempi ngaphandle sempi. Naphezu ukunqotshwa wokuqala, nguye ophethe balondoloze ugqozi Union Army, futhi-January 1, 1863, lapho kushaywe umthetho ukuthi zonke ababebambisene egcinwa njengezigqila, manje ukuba nikhululwe. Lokhu kwabe kungunyaka lapho ubugqila saqedwa ngo-United States.

Kancane kancane impi yamasosha yabhujiswa. Unqoba, futhi ngo-Ephreli 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee umaluju amabutho akhe. Le mpi yaba phezu. Ngeshwa, u-Abrahama eseneminyaka hhayi kuphela eziningi abasekeli, kodwa okungenani izitha eziningi, ababengakusekeli nemibono yakhe yezombusazwe, abe ukuthuthukiswa okuqinile ekuvikelweni amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Futhi ngo-April 14, 1865 lowo waqeda ukugqilazwa kwabantu e-United States, owabulawa umlingisi odumile futhi ngiyinhloli limise Dzhonom Uilks Booth. kungazelelwe Ngakho kuphazamisekile ukuphila nomsebenzi zezombusazwe umengameli nesithupha-United States.