Peter Lavrov: Biography, imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov (1828-1900) is njengoba omunye ideologists main Russian Narodnichestvo ezaziwayo. Esikhathini esidlule, kwaba nethonya elikhulu ku-ukwakheka ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso ezweni lethu. Inzalo kanye izifundo zayo lwezenhlalo nefilosofi ukuqonda isimo sengqondo nezazi ukuze isimo setepolitiki eRussia engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 lesibili, kanye isibikezelo ngokuwa Bolshevism.

umndeni

Peter Lavrov wayevela emkhayeni yizicukuthwane owaziwa. Uyise, S. Laurel, waba yisosha futhi bahlanganyela Impi Ye-1812. Wayengumuntu abangane elekhanda Imperial Chancellery kanye nemizana lempi Alekseem Arakcheevym, ababezijabulisa ukuqiniseka egcwele ka-Alexander Omkhulu. Ngemva kwempi, L. S. Lavrov umhlala olingana sombutho wezikhali washada Elizabeth Karlovna Gandvig. Yena wayevela emkhayeni Russified Swedish ihloniphekile futhi iletha ngokuphelele sona ngesikhathi sako. Ngo-1823, unyaka bathola indodana, uPetru. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwakhe umndeni owahlala khona phezu Melekhovo izindlu elise sifundazwe Pskov.

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov: Biography emifushane (intsha)

Njengabanye kozakwabo kusukela kwamadoda asebukhosini, isazi sefilosofi esizayo kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuba bafunde izilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Ikakhulukazi, ngenxa umama umfundisi abanolwazi ngayo kakhulu ekuqaleni sebesazi isiFulentshi futhi isiJalimane.

Ngo-1837, Peter Lavrov ethunyelwe Petersburg, lapho ngempumelelo kudlule ukuhlolwa kanye wabhalisa eSikoleni of wezikhali. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe ngalesi lempi esikoleni esiphakeme ehlonishwayo le nsizwa wazibonakalisa okhuthele futhi ayebhekwa umfundi best of Academician M. Ostrogradskii. impumelelo yakhe zazinzima ukuze ngemuva kokuthola idiploma yakhe repetitorstvovat kwesokunxele esikoleni lwakubo. Ngo parallel izifundo, uPetru Lavrov ngokuzimela wazifunda izincwadi zesayensi ku social science nakwezomnotho, ukubhala izinkondlo nokwenza ucwaningo emkhakheni wezibalo. kwamthinta kakhulu wenza imisebenzi Socialists nakancane.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

I umfundisi ezisencane Mathematical Sciences ngokushesha baqashelwa Abalingani futhi waqokwa ofundisa lempi Mikhailovsky wezikhali Academy Petersburg, njengoba ephakama elisezingeni sombutho. Ngo 1860 wathunyelwa Konstantinovsky Military School, lapho wafundiswa u ingqapheli iminyaka eminingana.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo-1847, Peter Lavrov washada enhle umfelokazi-AH Loveyko. Umshado ne ongumama wezingane ezimbili, futhi ngisho German ngu umsuka (nee Kapger) sinqande Laura Stepanovich, ngubani amaphupho ukufana brilliant ayenalo ngendodana yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, uPetru bancishwa wokusekela ngokwezimali umzali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mbhangqwana uvele amadodana amane namadodakazi jikelele, okwenza isikhundla ezingokwenyama zomkhaya ziyingozi nakakhulu. Ukuze ngandlela-thile 'uphume, "Lavrov waphoqeleka ukuba imali lokufundiswa" ohlangothini "nokubhala izihloko esikhethekile" wezikhali Journal ". Isimo obathuthuka emva kokufa kukayise, kwaba nomfowethu omdala, lapho uPetru Lavrovich wathola ifa elihle.

imisebenzi Literary nesayensi

Naphezu kobunzima bokuphila, indefatigable uPetru Lavrov kwadingeka isikhathi ukuhlola imisebenzi edume kunazo zefilosofi European besikhathi sakhe, izinkondlo eyanyatheliswa ngo A. I. Gertsena, nengxenye ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane "encyclopedic Dictionary" izihloko ishicilelwe ifilosofi kwabantu, kanye ezindabeni zokuziphatha zomphakathi , izincwadi, ubuciko nokufundiswa komphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, encwadini yakhe yokuqala yanyatheliswa ngo-1860. Kulesi umsebenzi, unelungelo ngokuthi "Tindzaba ezindabeni wefilosofi esisebenzayo," Lavrov wagomela ukuthi umuntu zokuziphatha angengene ezingqubuzana umphakathi lapho ukungabi nabulungisa ebusa. Ngokubona kwakhe, umphakathi enhle kungaba uhlelo ukuthi kusekelwe union yokuzithandela zabantu zokuziphatha futhi mahhala.

Ukuboshwa nokudingiswa

Ngo 1860 Peter Lavrovich Lavrov, Biography of okuyinto eboniswe ngenhla, esebenzayo umhlanganyeli umfundi kanye motion wamavukelambuso. Waba nobungane N. G. Chernyshevskim futhi waba ilungu lenhlangano lokuqala "Land and Freedom".

April 4, 1866 at emasangweni Summer Garden D. Karakozov wenza umzamo ku-Alexander II. Kwaba ngeshwa, Nokho, wabangela ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu wahlupheka kuhlanganise noPetru Lavrov. Waboshwa ngamacala "ekusakazeni ukhiqize imibono elimazayo" nalapho besebenzelana Chernyshevsky, Mikhailov futhi uProfesa Pavlov. Ngemva ejele emfushane futhi inkantolo yathumela kuye isixhumanisi ukuze Isifundazwe Vologda. Lapho ayehlala khona kusukela 1867 kuya 1870 futhi wahlangana party abathunjiwe kwavukelwa Polish A. Chaplitsky, owaba ezivamile-law umkakhe.

"Izincwadi zomlando"

Esekudingisweni, uPetru Lavrovich Lavrov wabhala imisebenzi yakhe setepolitiki esaziwa kakhulu, zibheke okuqhubekayo nezazi Russian.

"Izincwadi zomlando" lakhe ngokuthi kubantu abasha baphaphame futhi ukuqonda inkinga okwamanje zomlando, kanye nabantu abavamile kudingeka, yisize bona amandla akhe. Ukuvela kwalo mkhiqizo kwaba ngaphezu ngesikhathi esifanele, njengoba nezazi wamavukelambuso kwaba befuna amakhono entsha amandla uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. "Historical Izincwadi" Lavrov babe "ukushaya izandla wokuduma" futhi omunye motivators ngemibono lenhlangano yomsebenzi esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile nezazi wamavukelambuso.

Biography (Peter Lavrov) emva 1870

Ngemva kokubuya ekudingisweni wamavukelambuso yakwazi ukuhamba emthethweni ezweni bese uya Paris. Elapho Waxhumana abamele Western Europe zabasebenzi ukunyakaza wajoyina mina International. Ngesikhathi Paris isigodi waya eLondon ngenhloso ukuhlela wangisiza comrades ovinjezelwe.

Ngesikhathi ehlala e-inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseBrithani nawo Lavrov wahlangana Marx no Engels.

Eminyakeni 1873-1877 wamavukelambuso baba umhleli we umagazini "Phambili" futhi igama elifanayo iphephandaba ngesonto-2 - isiqondiso ezimpondweni ze populism isiRashiya, ngokuthi "lavrizmom". Ngemva kokubulawa u-Alexander II, uPetru Lavrovich baba friendly Abantu. Waze wavuma ukuhlela "Bulletin Will Wabantu" nge L. Tikhomirov.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezikhulayo sitfunti salo ngamazwe. Engingakusho nje ukuthi ngoJulayi 1889, amalungu enhlangano Armenia Gnchak - ngowokuqala Socialist Party, okuyinto has emahhovisi ensimini ka Persia and the uMbuso WaseTurkey, uPetru Lavrov engigunyazwe ke kulowo mhlangano we Second International.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Kuze kwezinsuku zakhe zokugcina, uPetru Lavrov aqhubeka ukuxhumana ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Nokho, ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe kwaba nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe nezindaba ezihlobene umlando nefilosofi. Ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe yesayensi kwalotshwa imisebenzi eminingana theory, kuhlanganise wokulandisa "Ukuqonda imisebenzi komlando."

Peter Lavrov, uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka okwakukhona ngesisekelo Abantu ukunyakaza, washona ngo-Paris ngo-1900, abaneminyaka engu-72 ubudala, wembelwa emathuneni of Montparnasse.

Esehambile ifa elikhulu tetemibhalo, kuhlanganise 825 imisebenzi kanye 711 izinhlamvu. Futhi umbhali inqwaba izinkondlo zezombusazwe, phakathi okuyinto ezidume ngokukhethekile "Ukusebenza Marseillaise", eqala ngamazwi athi 'silahle zezwe lakudala ... ", lapho umculo labhalwa emva kwesikhathi. Esikhathini sokuqala amabili eminyaka ekhulu lama-20, le ngoma wayengomunye walaba evamise eyenziwa ngesikhathi, izimangalo, kanye congresses we abavukeli, futhi eminyakeni yokuqala kwamandla Soviet namaPhini kwabantu.

imibono yefilosofi

Isikhulu isayensi wamukelwe Lavrov ukuze Eclecticism. Futhi lokhu kuyafaneleka, ngoba positivist-agnostitsisticheskoy yayo nefilosofi, wazama ukuhlanganisa simiso Hegel, F. Lange Feuerbach, Comté, Proudhon, uSpencer, Chernyshevsky, Bakunin futhi Marx.

Ngokusho kwakhe, indaba kwenza zokuziphatha bakha inhlangano esizweni esincane bebodwa, ngakho umsebenzi wokuqala Abavukeli ukuhlakulela ekahle zokuziphatha.

Esikhathini 1870s kwakunabangaba abalandeli Lavrov sika oshisekayo, okubizwa ngokuthi iqembu bashentsev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umholi wavuma iphiko kwesokudla Abavukeli of the Empire, Russian. Nokho, lesi simo akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, futhi abasekela ngokushesha abaningi nemibono yakhe waphenduka maqondana ngaphezulu Bakuninism olukhulu. Nokho, lavrizm kudlalwa kungekho indima ekulungiselelweni ukuba amalungu angesikhathi esizayo imibuthano lokuqala zenhlalo-yeningi.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi ngobani P. Lavrov. Njengoba omunye amalungu ambalwa yezikhulu ngubani wafuna ngobuqotho ukuthuthukisa isimo zabasebenzi kanye abalimi, uPetru Lavrovich alilitshelwe iziphathimandla isimo sokuqala sezisebenzi kanye abalimi emhlabeni. Ikakhulukazi, Furshtatskaya emgwaqweni iqanjwe kabusha Leningrad behlonipha yakhe. Ngenxa lokhu namuhla, abaningi abadumile Petrograd Palace Petra Lavrova, lapho umshadisi aphethwe. Futhi ngempela ongokomfanekiso, njengoba sefilosofi esidumile kanye ezinikelwe kahle ngokwezimali ngenxa umshado wakhe kowesifazane akuthandayo, futhi waphila naye iminyaka engamashumi amathathu bajabule.