UNikolai novikov - umlobi, intatheli kanye uthisha. mlando Key indlela yokuphila Nikolaya Novikova

Ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili emlandweni wezwe lakithi yayinezinto amagama abanamakhono abantu owaqopha umlando eziswebezelayo Ukukhanyiselwa isiqondiso sezifundo. Omunye walabo bantu kwakuyinkosikazi intatheli egqamile futhi yokuqala, umbhali kanye uthisha UNikolai novikov.

Cabanga biography futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko le ndoda kabanzi.

Intuthuko Biography: ebuntwaneni, intsha, kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo kanye ukuphila

Novikov Nikolay Ivanovich Ngazalelwa eMoscow, ngaleso izindlu abazali bakhe lo Tikhvin-Avdotyino, e 1744. Umndeni wakhe wayevela emkhayeni zasebukhosini.

Ebuntwaneni Nicholas senzeka ethule ekhaya imvelo, uthisha wakhe kuqala kwakungumprofethi sexton emzaneni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfana engena eMoscow gentry esikoleni esiphakeme, okuyindawo waxoshwa e-1760 i- "sobuvila".

Ngemva baxoshwe esikoleni UNikolai novikov akazange bazitike usizi, futhi wayechitha isikhathi sakhe ukhululekile ukufunda izincwadi. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1762, lapho ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala ehlonishwayo Izmailovo Regiment. Ukuba yilungu okungahleliwe kombuso esigodlweni, okwaholela ukuba amandla kuleli zwe wafika Ekaterina Velikaya, novikov wenziwe isikhulu nomthetho omusha we Empress.

Catherine ngaqashwa ufundile futhi kahle ukufunda nsizwa. UNikolai novikov kwahlanganiswa inani kwamaphini, ukuthi obani abayalwa ukuba asebenze iphrojekthi ikusasa ikhodi isimo umthetho. Kuyaziwa ukuthi UNikolai Ivanovich iqikelela kakhulu nomsebenzi wakhe omusha eyaziwa futhi wonke amabutho wafuna izuzisa wobaba.

journalism

UNikolai novikov langena umlando Russian njengoba intatheli abanamakhono futhi umshicileli. Ngo-1769 eshiya ibutho lempi futhi umkhankaso iphupho lakhe: umlobi (futhi iningi lothisha) wayekholelwa ukuthi bayaphola ngokuxhumana nabantu ngolwazi ilungelo, ungakwazi ukushintsha umphakathi zibe ngcono. Insimbi lokulwa zabo, wakhetha ukubhinqa.

Novikov baqala ukunyathelisa omagazini abaningana. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "Drone", "isikhwama", "umdwebi", "KWABASETHESALONIKA". Lezi zincwadi novikov ubezama ahlekise ngama-mores bangesikhathi sakhe: wakhuthaza kabusha imfundo imfundo, waveza amaphutha serfdom, ukungazi nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo. Ngokuvamile kuba ngesimo esithambile futhi wagxeka izenzo iziphathimandla.

izimbangi omagazini yakhe baye bathatha ukuma maqondana edition olusemthethweni "Okuxubile", okuyinto ngenkuthalo kusekelwa uCatherine Omkhulu.

Ngokwemvelo, abanyatheliswa novikov, ivaliwe iziphathimandla ngenxa yesikhundla kwazo ngesibindi ezimele.

imibhalo pedagogical

Engxenyeni enkulu yokuphila kwakhe, kwakudingeka yenze isinqumo UNikolai novikov, biography of indoda - isiqinisekiso ecacile.

Akwaziwa UNikolai nendlela elikhanyayo uthisha. Wabhala imisebenzi eminingi, aqondiswa ku abazali nothisha. Kuyinto, njengoba umthetho, imisebenzi lesibonwa nemisebenzi ekhethekile nombhali e pedagogy.

Novikov empeleni kudala theory ayo lwemfundo esekelwe phezu imibono ukhanyisele nobuntu. Uyaphika umphumela zemfundo isijeziso ngokomzimba izingane, sibalula isidingo sokuba abazali ukuba ngonanzelelo imfundo isizukulwane abasebasha ukuba bathande nenzalo yabo, ukuze futhi akhanyisele izingqondo zabo ulwazi, futhi umphefumulo - izibonelo nezihle.

Novikov ikakhulukazi imele imfundo zokuziphatha futhi ekhuliswe asemasha emkhayeni nokubafundisa babe ezikoleni. Ukhuluma ngesidingo ukwenqaba ukudluliswa izingane ukuba unakekelwe abafundisi waqasha nezinceku, kanye nesidingo elilinganayo lokuthola imfundo for abafana namantombazane.

Lodge Masonic

Novikov UNikolai Ivanovich wayeyilungu Lodge Masonic - inhlangano enamandla imfihlo, kwakuvamile ngaleyo minyaka eYurophu nase eRussia.

Ngokokuqala ngqá emhlanganweni namaFreemason novikov ubekade 1775 - ke eladonsa umqondo ukhanyisele, maqondana ukuziphatha, isifiso ukuba ukudalwa i-oda entsha kwezenhlalo.

Kusolwa ukuthi esitolo ukuphrinta ngesikhathi eMoscow University, novikov wadala sibonga ukusekelwa Masons nabo. Imibono ka kobuProthestani Freemasonry usukela emisebenzini eminingi somlobi.

Egqunywe ejele neminyaka ngokunganaki

Kwakungenxa imibono yakhe novikov wahlupheka.

Ngo 1792 ngemiyalo yezikhulu iNdlovukazi, waboshwa wabekwa Schlisselburg inqaba. Amacala ababebekwe umbhali wabonisa ukuthi Wendlala YamaProthestani ezingaqondakali futhi izincwadi Masonic kuka izingqondo udidekile babantu besikhathi sakhe.

Kukhona nokucabanga mlando, owawuthi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi - indodana uPawulu Empress - uzwela emibonweni Freemasons futhi enozwelo novikov, ngakho unina wasebukhosini ukuziphatha ngesandla esiqine kangaka ngokuphathelene umbhali.

By the way, ngokushesha ngemva kokufa Umama Pavel novikov ukhululeka inqaba. Nokho, yena ngu wavuma siqu, ilahlekelwe zonke zempilo ejele. Ngezinye intando, washiya ababuthaka ixhegu ababefuna into eyodwa kuphela - ukuthula futhi ishabalale.

Nikolay Ivanovich novikov, ogama biography ugcwele nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, wayephila lonke iminyaka yakhe ekhaya yabazali, ukunakekela abalimi kanye okuholela impilo elokuthula. Washona ngo 1818 wangcwatshwa impahla yakhe.