Shlisselburg Fortress. Oreshek Fortress, Shlisselburg. Fortress Leningrad esifundeni

wonke Umlando Petersburg nezindawo ezizungezile elihlobene ne endaweni ethize wendawo. Babusi ukungavumeli emngceleni ukuze uthwebule kulezi zindawo Russian, ukwakha inethiwekhi lonke of izinqaba nezigodlo. Namuhla abaningi babo kucatshangwa iminyuziyamu kanye izikhumbuzo zomlando.

Vyborg castle

Fortress Leningrad esifundeni, kanye kwemizi yokuqala zezindela eyakhelwe insimu yalo, ingenye izakhiwo omdala isimo Russian. Bavele izindawo eziminyene kakhulu lapho amanzi kanye nemizila ezihambisana yokuhwebelana eScandinavia naseYurophu nge eMpumalanga Mediterranean, umKristu futhi kakhulu ezweni lasendulo.

Fortress Leningrad esifundeni, zezindela nezinye izakhiwo zasendulo babé nabasabalalisi isiko amaSlav, kanye babashayeli wenkolo yobuKristu endaweni enkulu.

Isibonelo okumangalisayo kwesibonakaliso Western Europe izakhiwo lempi bebheke Vyborg kuyinto inqaba, olubizwa nangokuthi enqabeni. Umlando waleli isakhiwo awunakuhlukaniswa nge abaseSweden. Yilokho nabo isikhathi Okwesithathu Crusade (1293) yasungulwa Vyborg.

Ekuqaleni inqaba wadlala indima ukuzivikela. AbaseSweden baphephela ngalé kwezindonga zayo kwezinhloko zamaviyo Novgorod uzama bazithole indawo matasa kuwo. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, le nqaba washintsha umsebenzi. Lesi sakhiwo saba indawo kwaku esigodlweni futhi ekomkhulu lamabutho. Kwake kwaba inqaba futhi sokuqondisa se-dolobha, futhi emabhalekisini ka zenkolo Swedish, futhi ejele.

Ngo-1918 Vyborg Castle wawa engaphansi kwe Finland futhi iye zalungiswa. Kusukela ngo-1944 endaweni yaba ingxenye ye-USSR. Kakade ngo-1964, saqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqala ukwakha Museum inqaba. Kuze kube manje, Vyborg Castle livulekele izivakashi. Kukhona Museum, ukunikela izivakashi omjwayele ne amathrekhi ehlukene idazini, echaza umlando kule ndawo.

Ngesikhathi inqaba kukhona umbhoshongo okwashiwo St Olaf. Kusuka lapho ungakwazi Ukuncoma ubuhle emangalisayo landscape. Umbhoshongo inikeza imibono port kolwandle futhi kukhona iGulf of Finland, kanye iziqongo izihlahla ezikhulayo kwepaki Mon Repos.

Staraya Ladoga inqaba

Lesi sakhiwo ingenye engamakhulu amabili nanhlanu ukusuka Petersburg. Fortress eduze nedolobhana Staraya Ladoga wabeka emngceleni IX-X eminyaka. Lezi kwakuyizikhathi Veschego Olega. Izakhiwo zitholakala endaweni lapho Ladozhka agelezela River Volkhov, ngebhange okusezingeni eliphezulu. Injongo yokuqala inqaba yayiwukuvikela prince retinue yakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba omunye nezivikelo ukuthi luvimbe indlela kusukela Baltic nesitha.

Namuhla e Staraya Ladoga inqaba usebenza bemivubukulo, bomlando yobuciko Museum-reserve. nemibukiso amabili egijima izivakashi. Omunye ethnographic, kanti eyesibili - zomlando. Ziphephile eyinhloko embukisweni kukhona izinto ezitholakala ngesikhathi abavubukuli.

Koporje

Kuze kube manje, e-Leningrad esifundeni wahlala ezinqabeni eziyisikhombisa. eyodwa kulolu hlu (Yam, elise Kingisepp) kuphela limelela izinsalela izihlahla futhi ubuncane ulwazi mayelana esidlule. Eziyisithupha nezinye imbangela isithakazelo ongacimekiyo yomlando buffs. Enye yalezi nezinqaba - Koporje.

Itholakala endaweni ngokushesha Petersburg. Okuningi nezinye Koporje inqaba igcinwe kuze kube yimanje, umfanekiso waso ephakathi, njengoba it is hhayi ngaphansi yamuva ushintsho oluphawulekayo.

Korela

Le nqaba itholakala enyakatho Petersburg, ensimini ka the Karelian Isthmus. Kuleli qophelo, ingalo enyakatho Vuoksi River agelezela Lake Ladoga. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka angu XIII-XIV Korela kuyinto umngcele okuthunyelwe Russian, eye ngokuphindaphindiwe behlaselwa abaseSweden. Okwamanje, le nqaba kubhekwa isikhumbuzo, ikuvumela ukuhlola Russian art samasosha ukuzivikela lasendulo kabanzi. Kulesi sakhiwo, okuyinto livulekele izivakashi kuze kube yilolu suku walondoloza umoya adventure kanye zakudala. Lokhu Lwenziwe ngenxa yokuthi le nqaba awuzange ngcono noma kabusha eminyakeni. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka okuthunyelwe ukuzivikela evulekile iminyuziyamu ezimbili. Emfanekisweni wokuqala kubo zingatholakala nge umlando jikelele le nqaba. Enye Museum iyona Pugachev Tower, egcekeni okuyinto wafakwa ukuze, naphezu ezicekeleké izindonga ngaphandle.

Ivangorod inqaba

Lesi sakhiwo kuyinto lesikhumbuzo of Russian izakhiwo ukuzivikela eziphathelene namakhulu eminyaka xv-XVI. Ivangorod inqaba yasungulwa ngo-1492 eMfuleni Narva ukuvikela emazweni isiRashiya ababevela kuphangwa sezitha entshonalanga. Phakathi kwalo amakhulu eminyaka ezinhlanu nomlando walo izinqaba kwakuye indawo lapho izimpi abanolaka zenzeka. Wahlupheka inqaba phakathi nempi ngokumelene abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa. Ngemva ukuthunjwa amabutho ayizitha insimu yalo Ivangorod amaJalimane wenza okuhlushwa amabili, lapho iziboshwa zempi igcinwe. Ayesebuyela emuva, amaNazi iqhume iningi izakhiwo yangaphakathi, imibhoshongo eziyisithupha ekhoneni, kanye izingxenye eziningi izindonga. Okwamanje, iningi nezivikelo abuyiselwe futhi kwalungiswa.

"Nut"

Schlisselburg inqaba isendaweni esogwini lweChibi Ladoga, ekuqaleni iNeva. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo bokwakha Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIV, manje Museum.

Ngendawo ku Nut Isiqhingi Schlisselburg inqaba yigama yesibili - "Hard".

Museum

Shlisselburg Fortress - kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zodchesky Ensemble. Namuhla-ke livulekele izivakashi. Fortress "Nut" libhekisela Museum of Umlando Petersburg. Izivakashi Umenyiwe bajwayelane amazinga ayisisekelo zomlando isimo Russian kuya izikhathi uma lokhu izinqaba ubekade abathintekayo nganoma iyiphi indlela.

indaba

Shlisselburg Fortress yakhiwa kuleli 1323 Ubufakazi balokhu ezishiwo Novgorod Chronicle. Lo mbhalo kuyinkomba yokuthi umzukulu Aleksandra Nevskogo - Prince Yury eMoscow - ngaphambilini ukwakha izinqaba lokhuni. Kakade ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka amathathu endaweni inqaba wangaphambili kwakukhona itshe. insimu yalo liye lenyuka kakhulu futhi waqala ukwenza anesithoba amawaka square metres. Kushintshwe futhi ubukhulu izindonga inqaba. Njengoba befika ukushuba ngamamitha amathathu. Kwakukhona imibhoshongo ezintathu entsha ukuma unxande.

Ekuqaleni, izindonga isakhiwo ukuzivikela yafakwa Posad. imitha-Three isiteshi phakathi kwakhe "nut". Ngandlela-thile kamuva, nomsele laligcwele emhlabeni. Ngemva kwalokho Posad lizungezwe udonga lwamatshe.

Kabusha, ekubhujisweni nokuzalwa kabusha wazibonela inqaba kuwo wonke umlando ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho njalo kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo imibhoshongo yalo, it kwandisa ukujiya udonga.

Schlisselburg inqaba kakade ekhulwini XVI laba isizinda sokuqondisa, ikhaya izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye abefundisi ephakeme. LoMfula uMfula iNeva ixazululwe elula labantu tenements.

Fortress "Nut" (Shlisselburg inqaba) esikhathini kusuka 1617 kuze 1702 yayibuswa abaseSweden. Ngalesi sikhathi, ke iqanjwe kabusha. Its ngokuthi Noteburgskoy. Peter Nganqoba kusukela abaseSweden lokhu izinqaba, futhi wayibuyisela igama lakhe elidala. I inqaba waphinda zenzeka isakhiwo grand. Yakhiwa kwemibhoshongo eziningana, okuvimbezela zobumba nangamatilongo. Kusukela 1826 kuya 1917 inqaba "Nut" (Shlisselburg inqaba) yayiyindawo sokuboshwa we Decembrists kanye Abantu. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, lesi sakhiwo saphendulwa Museum.

sempi

"Nut" odlale indima ebalulekile ukuvikela iminyaka Leningrad. Shlisselburg Fortress ithuba lokuba ukuba khona 'Road of Life ", lapho e emzini ovinjezelwe ayethwele ukudla, futhi ukusuka lapho waxoshelwa labantu enhlokodolobha enyakatho. Ngenxa ubuqhawe of inombolo encane amasosha kweziningi ezisekhona ekuvimbezeleni inqaba wasinda ezingaphezu kwekhulu izimpilo. Ngalesi sikhathi "nut" is cishe bawubhubhisa phansi.

Ngemva kwempi, ukuvuselelwa inqaba, kwanqunywa ukuba ubambe, bese wakha eduze "Road of Life" isikhumbuzo izakhiwo.

Izinqaba. yesimanjemanje

Namuhla uvakashele inqaba "Nut" uhambo. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka isakhiwo ukuzivikela ungabona izinsalela zobukhulu yayo yangaphambili.

Fortress "Nut" ikhadi ositshela izivakashi umzila, indiza libukeka i ipholigoni okungajwayelekile. I-engeli sibalo ayesuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Udonga itholakala imibhoshongo ezinhlanu ezinamandla. Omunye wabo (Gate) - wamaqhuqhuva. Ngo izakhiwo kwemibhoshongo asele ukuma isiyingi isetshenziswa.

Fortress "Nut" (Shlisselburg) yindawo lapho evulekile yokudumisa Amaqhawe seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yesikhumbuzo. Ensimini ka enqabeni wangaphambili, kukhona Museum nemibukiso. Basuke lungaphansi izakhiwo "setilongweni obusha 'futhi' ejele elidala". Amanxiwa ezindawo izindonga nqaba, futhi Maka futhi esangweni, kanye iRoyal Naugolnykh, Golovkin futhi Svetlichnaya umbhoshongo.

Kanjani ukuze uthole enqabeni?

Edolobheni elithulile yesifundazwe Shlisselburg kuyinto elula ukufinyelela ngemoto. Khona-ke le nqaba okungcono kufinyeleleke ngesikebhe. Kukhona enye indlela. Kusukela "Petrokrepost" esiteshini ozohamba umkhumbi, omunye amaphuzu kokuma okuyinto Shlisselburg Fortress. Kanjani ukuze uthole langaphambilini isakhiwo ukuzivikela ngokuqondile Petersburg? Enyakatho yenhloko-dolobha kule "Nut" inqaba njalo elibamba izinkambo. Abavakashi ezilethwa ukhululekile ngesivinini imikhumbi "Meteor".

Mhlawumbe omunye uyohlela uhambo ku inombolo ibhasi Umzila 575, okuyisona kuze Schlusselburg kusuka metro station "Ul. Dybenko ". Khona-ke ufika esiqhingini ukusiza isikebhe.

Uma unquma ukuvakashela inqaba "Nut" Imodi kufanele bazazi zonke izindlela. Museum e enqabeni wangaphambili kuvula ngoMeyi futhi kuthatha izivakashi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-October. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke ivuliwe nsuku zonke. Ivula amahora - kusuka 10 kuya 17.