"Borodino ensimini" - State Borodino neMpi nomlando Museum and Reserve

Borodino ensimini - akusiyo kuphela njengengxenye yensimu, kodwa futhi isikhumbuzo bonke enkazimulweni lempi amasosha Russian owalwela ezweni lawo, hhayi kuphela e-XIX, kodwa futhi ngekhulu XX. Yini kumelela iminyaka engu abaningi emva ukuhlula okukhulu ezakhamizi zethu nabo? Borodino ensimini, isithombe ezimane awakwazi ukuveza bonke ubukhulu kule ndawo zomlando, okungenani kanye empilweni zabo babe ukuvakashela njalo Russian.

Uhlolojikelele

Abantu abaningi abasha abafuna ziyazithanda umlando ekhazimulayo ezweni lethu, uyazi emkhakheni Borodino. Uphi indawo impi ngaphambili esinganqobeki ibutho isiFulentshi kukaNapoleon amabutho isiRashiya, eyaziwa ngisho abantu abaningi bezinye izizwe. Lokhu kungenxa ukubaluleka okukhulu le mpi olunegazi esenzeka iMpi Patriotic ka 1812. Kuyinto ngezindlela eziningi kwashintsha umlando, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa Empire isiRashiya, kodwa futhi-Europe.

Borodino inkambu insimu entshonalanga ngobukhulu izungezwe ka Mozhaisk. Itholakala esizeni settlement yasemakhaya. Anakho igama elifanelekayo - Borodino. Lokhu isiphetho siphathelene Mozhaisk esifundeni esifundeni eMoscow. Yakhiwa eduze nedolobhana Borodino. Lokho kule ndawo lwaluyoba isikhumbuzo inkazimulo umoya longapheli amasosha Russian.

Imyuziyemu-Reserve, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi - "Borodino ensimini", uyisikhumbuzo amabili ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. On emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke yaziwa. It kubhekwa Museum endala wadala enkundleni yempi. Insimu wokugodlwa 110 sq. km. Kuyinto ezingaphezu kuka-200 nezikhumbuzo, namatshe amade abaziwe, kanye namatshe. Ezinye edume kakhulu kubo - okuthunyelwe umyalo kukaNapoleon M. I. Kutuzova, isikhumbuzo, amatshe ezikhumbuzo nezindawo sokuhlala amabutho Russian.

Umlando ekhazimulayo amabutho Russian

Ensimini ka komnikazi samanje Agasti 26 (okusha Style 7 Septhemba) e 1812 kwaba impi enkulu incazelo phakathi kwamasosha isiFulentshi kuNapoleon nebutho Russian. Kodwa aligcini ngokuphendula lo Battle of Borodino kuyinto ukuziqhenya izakhamuzi zendawo. Ngo 1941-1942. endaweni kwaba umugqa ezinhle ukuvikela eMoscow.

Map Borodino ensimini igcwele ezihlukahlukene izimpawu zimise labo noma kwezinye izindawo ezijabulisayo. Izenzakalo eyinhloko impi French-Russian zenzeka phakathi Smolensk umgwaqo omdala. izikhungo ezinjengalezi ezibalulekile ezempi yayisezintabeni insimu:

• Bagration (Semenov) ukushiselwa;

• redoubt Shevardino;

• Ibhethri Rajewski.

Imiphumela impi

Ngokwezazi-mlando, idatha ku impi ye Borodino yahanjelwa ayizinkulungwane 120 amasosha Russian futhi 135.000 French. AmaRashiya kwadingeka 624 izibhamu, kanti abaphikisi babo - 587. Le mpi yaqala nge ukuthunjwa emzaneni isiFulentshi Borodino, lapho ngaphambi kokuba babe baseRussia amabutho. Izenzakalo eyinhloko impi iqale ngo 5:00 ekuseni, phezu flank kwesokunxele ibutho Russian. Kuleli qophelo embhalweni udonga elise Semenovski Bagration ukushiselwa. Sekube amahora amaningi yabambana ngezihluthu. Ukufikelwa ukushisa izikhathi eziningi lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye nabaphikisi. Umhlaba ngokupheleleyo dibikeza nezidumbu amadoda kanye namahhashi. Kule mpi, futhi webutho 2 Western ibutho P. I. Bagration ukuthi ayelimele kabi. Ngemva kwalokho, amaFulentshi bakwazi wasithatha ukushiselwa.

efanayo Impi ngesihluku owawuqondene ibhethri Rajewski, elalisekhaya maphakathi isikhundla Russian. Phakathi nempi nokuchitheka kwegazi abulala izinkulungwane amasosha nhlangothi zombili, amasosha Russian yabonisa intando sabo okungenakudanjiswa ukunqoba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi French bakwazi wasithatha nasekuqiniseni abaseRussia maphakathi kanye phezu flank ngakwesokunxele, uNapoleon flinch kusukela kuklama ukulwa kwaze kwaba sekufeni, isitha zinhlanga ezikhundleni zabo zokuqala.

The Battle of Borodino kubhekwa zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni wosuku olulodwa izimpi. Sabulala izinkulungwane 45 Russian futhi amaFulentshi angaba yizinkulungwane 40. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zombili balahlekelwa amasosha nje kuphela kodwa futhi izikhulu. Kulesi impi Kushone 23 Russian futhi 49 ojenene isiFulentshi, okuyinto buthaka kakhulu ibutho esinganqobeki phambi Napoleon.

Inani Battle of Borodino

The Battle of Borodino - omunye zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni ibutho Russian. Ubethula ezichazwe zokuthumela uLeo Tolstoy "Impi Nokuthula" ngokunembile kakhulu. Umphumela le mpi kwaba yokuphunyuka sikaNapoleon. Akazange nje ushiye eMoscow ethumba kodwa futhi walahlekelwa nebutho lakhe ezinkulungwane eziningi France.

Kumila Museum

Ngo-1837, uMbusi waseRussia uNicholas mina ithengwa ngegama lendodana yakhe u-Alexander isabelo sefa esiqondene edolobhaneni Borodino. Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekulondolozeni inkumbulo amaqhawe ibutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ukuvulwa-Agasti 26, 1839 lesikhumbuzo ukuze amasosha Russian, esemgwaqweni ku ibhethri Rajewski futhi bazingcwabe kabusha nelomlotha Bagrationa P. I. esikhathini esizayo kule ndawo Museum yasungulwa, anikezelwe enye yezimpi emlandweni we-Russian Empire. Jikelele Ukuhlolwa ensimini zingaba nge Barrow okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto etholakala ngaphandle Amaslayidi emzaneni. On ke ngosuku lwempi kwaba elaphawulwa okuthunyelwe M. I. Kutuzova. Ngokusho nganekwane ubudala, ekuqaleni Battle of the uMbusi Flying Eagle, ebikezela ngokunqoba Russian. It is le nyoni iye pooping ku Obelisk, kule indunduma.

Ngo-1912, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu-100 kwasungulwa i impi phezu kwetshe lesikhumbuzo yempi yasungulwa 33 ezahlukene ukuhlukana, regiments, amabutho, izinkampani zabo namabhethri. Bonke bangabangasokile ehlukeneyo izindunduma obujwayelekile loMfula imifula kanye nemithambeka nemihosha. Iningi ezikhumbuzo ezakhiwa ngeminikelo ziimphathiswa amasosha yisosha, ngofuzo isihloko alwa at Borodino amayunithi.

ezikhumbuzo Borodino

Amakhasimende Borodino Amasimu nethuba ukubona izikhumbuzo esihle once more 50, kokubili izinduna ezivelele futhi amasosha elula Russian. Bonke bephoqeleka ukuba siziqhenye wawobaba, nokugxilisa umuzwa lokushisekela ubuzwe e wonke umuntu. Ezikhumbuzo main we Borodino ensimini:

• Obelisk Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzovu, adalwe umakhi abadumile Vorontsov-Velyaminovym.

• Bagration ukushiselwa.

• Abashona amasosha French.

• Ibhethri Rajewski.

• amasosha Russian.

• Utitsky Kurgan (Hill Gardens).

• 7 Infantry Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon Regiment.

• Wild Horse wezikhali.

• 2 Cuirassier division.

• naseVolyn ibutho.

• Tomb of Jikelele Bagration.

• Lithuanian Regiment.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• 3rd Infantry Division of Jikelele PP Konovnitsyn

• «Ukuphakama Roubaud."

• 24 Infantry Division.

• eMoscow Smolensk wamabutho.

• Finland Regiment.

• 3rd Cavalry Corps futhi 1 Horse ibhethri.

• 12 Infantry Division.

• 2 ibhethri Horse wezikhali Brigade induna Raalya FF

Esikhathini onguthelawayeka exhumanisa edolobhaneni Borodino Museum, kusobala esisekelweni T-34 ethangini. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo lunikezelwe amasosha 5 Army sivikele eMoscow ngo-1941. ibheji esiyisikhumbuzo imakwe DOT Mozhaisk endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile, elakhiwa ngo-1941.

amathuna IMisa

Ngaphezu ezikhumbuzo kanye namatshe amade abaziwe, abanye esisogwini reserve amathuna mass lapho amanga amasosha Russian nesiFulentshi abashona ngonyaka zempi Borodino. Eceleni lesikhumbuzo Bakhmetev division bangcwatshwe izikhulu Russian abanikela ukuphila kwabo ngalolo impi. Museum-reserve kukhona ithuna Mass amasosha Kushone Utitskom ihlathi. Isibonakaliso yesikhumbuzo ke elimiswe 1962. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kusayithi okwakukhona ukushiselwa Bagration, izinsalela amasosha kusukela kuzo zombili izimpi Kwatholakala. Ngemva bazingcwabe kabusha zemikhosi wavulwa Tomb of the Soldier elingaziwa. Ngo-1912, endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona indawo Napoleon umyalo, wayesefakwa kuphela lesikhumbuzo kuya French liwile. On kuba nombhalo othi: ". Dead kwezikhathi eziyiminyaka nempi enkulu"

kukhona futhi ngendlela okungcwatshwa ngayo amasosha aseSoviet emkhakheni 1941-1942, GG, okuyizinto cishe eduze nezinye izinhlamvu ongasoze walibaleka, esungulwe yokudumisa Amaqhawe neMpi Patriotic ka 1812 Ngakho, e Borodino Isiteshi ithuna elivamile amasosha aseSoviet 5 Army.

Military History Museum

Borodino ensimini, esemgwaqweni maphakathi Military History Museum, edonsela amakhulu izivakashi nsuku zonke. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu lakhiwa ngo-1912, ngesikhathi i-engu-100 kwasungulwa yezimpi abadumile emhlabeni, sikushintshe lokho manje in 1812 Kuyinto setfulo ocebile obonisa inzalo zamaqhawe abadumile kanjani Battle of Borodino.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Architectural isikhumbuzo

Endaweni lapho eyake yaba omunye ukushiselwa Bagration, njengamanje imi elihle eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo kanye nesikhumbuzo. Kuhlanganisa:

• uMsindisi Borodino Sezindela, ogama labakhi kwenziwe 1830-1870 GG

• Isonto koMsindisi.

• Kolotsky Isigodlo, kwaba indlunkulu Kutuzova M. I.

• Church of kukaJesu, eyaqala ngekhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVII.

UMsindisi Borodino Sezindela eyasungulwa UMargarita Mihaylovna Tuchkova endaweni lapho umyeni wakhe eshona - Jikelele AA Tuchkov. Endlini yakhe Umbukiso encane lamiswa ngo-1994, indawo yokuhlala 3 amakamelo. Likhuluma ngamaphathi empilweni lo mbhangqwana ezidumile emlandweni ekusungulweni sezindela. Egumbini main uyisikhumbuzo Jikelele Tuchkov.

Modern ukuphila emoyeni Museum

Ngekhulu xxi Museum-Reserve ethulwa izivakashi zalo Umbukiso entsha enesihloko esithi "Borodino -. Impi yamaRefa" Itholakala ukuphola isakhiwo ibhethri Rajewski. Ngesisekelo embukisweni kukhona izinto zokuqala okuhlotshaniswa Battle of Borodino. Kuhlanganisa: amabhanela kanye namazinga; izikhali; iyunifomu amasosha kwamabutho amabili; imiklomelo; imibhalo; amakhadi; izimpahla zabo. Lapha embukisweni kanye nokutholakele empini. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izinsalela namabhomu, inganono amabhola, amachashazi. Lo mbukiso kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi yobuciko ukuthi zidalwe abahlanganyeli nabantu bangesikhathi lezo zenzakalo lasendulo. Futhi ubonisa imidwebo ezinezihloko XIX-XX eminyaka.

On endaweni Borodino ensimini kukhona isiphetho, "Doronin," okuyinto Museum emidlalweni yama lempi kanye nabalimi abancane ukuphila. Sici Its main wukuthi zonke izakhiwo, izinto, izinto, kanye nemininingwane ingaphakathi - into yangempela.

Okunye Museum

Omunye nokucacisa ethandwa kakhulu Museum-reserve - ". NeMpi Igalari" Itholakala izakhiwo Refectory yeSonto nguMsindisi Borodino Sezindela. The Battle of Borodino wayezifunela udumo kakhulu, ngakho lo mbukiso izici ezingaphezu kuka-70 ekumeni lamaphoyisa yebutho isiRashiya, lapho kukhona okuningi ojenene ezidumile iimsebenzi eyaziwa kancani. Ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu we izinduna impi abalimala noma contusion. The Battle of Borodino kakhulu kakhulu kuthinta izakhiwo ezahlukene kanye zezitsha.

umkhosi Orthodox nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo wezimpi

Borodino ensimini ngo-2005 kwaba indawo International intsha emkhosini "Abafowethu". amakilabhu abaningi wokushisekela izwe ehilelekile emifanekisweni ukuthi kabusha impi nempi ye-1812 kanye 1941 Njalo ngonyaka ezandayo izinhlangano ezahlukene ezizibandakanyile kuzo. intshiseko enjalo inika abantu yesimanje ithuba ukubheka izenzakalo zomlando lonke izwe lakubo ngemehlo abantu iqhaza nabo. Lokhu rapprochement nge esidlule ikuvumela ukuzwa ngokugcwele umlando lokuqhubeka izizukulwane. Amalungu lempi umlando amakilabhu ezizibandakanyile ezinhlelweni eziningi zemfundo, imiboniso, ukudubula documentary.

Indlela ukufinyelela Museum

Isifiso abaningi ukuvakashela Borodino ensimini. Indlela ukufika kulo kusuka eMoscow? Ngaphambi Museum-reserve akuyona kunzima ukufinyelela emadolobhaneni. Kungaba ukufinyelelwa:

• Ngemoto, ekhuphukela 102 km we Minsk onguthelawayeka. Khona-ke udinga jikela ngakwesokudla bebheke Mozhaisk. Kulo pointer, beya emzaneni Borodino okudingeka badlule ngakhona km 12 kuphela.

• ibhasi isikhathi eside-ibanga umzila №457 «eMoscow Mozhaisk." Hlala ku-ke, ungakwazi esitobhini sebhasi ngesikhathi metro station "Ukunqoba Park". Okulandelayo ukuya stop "Borodino".

• ngu isitimela ungathola kusuka Belorussky ujantshi Borodino Station, abese hamba uqhubeke uhamba mayelana 3 km kuya Museum ngokwalo. Isikhathi sokuhamba imayelana 3 amahora.

Imyuziyemu-Reserve uthatha kokubili izinkambo iqembu nokungcebeleka izihambi. Abanolwazi abasebenzi Museum kuzosiza ukukhethwa umzila ngokusebenzisa Insimu Borodino ensimini, eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo kanye nesikhumbuzo. Bathi ukuxoxa zonke izikhathi enye yezimpi omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni wezwe lakithi.

Edolobhaneni Borodino kuyinto cafe "Mozhayskoe pulazi" lapho izivakashi engase aphumule khona abe ukuqabuleka.