Lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona kube nokuzamazama - a ubukhulu bale komhlaba ...

Shayela noma iyiphi komhlaba shake surface iplanethi sika, okuyinto kwenzeka ngokuzumayo. Kuyinto ngenxa idlule cortex of amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba. Lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona ukuzamazama komhlaba - siyindawo lapho futhi iqala shaking. Kusukela kuyo yonke izikhombisi izokwabiwa iyehla iyenyuka, okuyinto ngokuvamile ukuletha izinkinga eziningi esintwini.

Iningi lokuzamazama komhlaba akuvamile eqinile, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona izisulu abantu, kanye nempahla acekelwe phansi noma yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele. Amazwe kufanele uchithe imali eningi ukuze ayokwakha kabusha umuzi lilimele.

izinhlobo ukuzamazama komhlaba

Esikhathini esidlule samanje futhi yamuva (kwekhulu elidlule) umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba kungaba ngenxa izimbangela ezimbili ezihlukene:

1. zemvelo. Kungenzeka bededelana ngezinkulungwane emhlabeni amapuleti, amaphutha Geological, kanye mlilo. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukubikezela nini futhi kuphi ngalesi sehlo kwenzeka, akunakwenzeka. Futhi ngisho namadivayisi esimanjemanje kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Ososayensi singafinyelela eziphethweni kuphela esekelwe idatha yomsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba esidlule.
2. Phenomenon abangelwa izenzo zabantu. Lokhu kungaba ukubhujiswa ezimayini noma idiphozithi amaminerali, ukuqhuma wenuzi noma ucwaningo.

Ngokushesha kufanele sinake ngqo yokuthi azifele ezingajwayelekile, kodwa ukubeka eceleni ngokuphelele kubo Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka. Ngokuphathelene imisebenzi yabantu, ngokuvamile kuthinta isimo iplanethi, okuyinto uyabatshela izinhlekelele ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ukunqunywa eshayeka

Shake iplanethi zenzeka cishe nsuku zonke, kodwa zimbalwa futhi ziyantula kangangokuba kungabikho muntu owake cishe azikwazi ukuthinta kubo. Ngakho ngokuvamile kunzima ngempela ukunquma ncamashi lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona ukuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesisekelo idatha etholakele geophones efakwe iziteshi ezintathu ezahlukene. Noma iyiphi kulezi amadivaysi angasetshenziswa kwelinye ibhizinisi ngokwesayensi.

Empeleni, ososayensi ezifanele namuhla aziwa zonke ibhande zokuzamazama komhlaba osekuvele kukhona. Yingakho kungase kudingeke esiteshini ukuze bekulokhu ikhono ngokushesha ukunquma lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona ngaso sonke isikhathi. ukubhekana kalula ngalo msebenzi kungaba icala uma ukuzamazama balimaze nsimu enkulukazi.

Inchazelo esiqondile epicenters - emsebenzini obalulekile seismographs. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi basuke okuphindiwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, eqonde kakhulu idatha etholwe, ngcono sizokwazi ukubala ematfuba oscillation esilandelayo.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba

Ukuze sithole amandla amapuleti oscillation le planethi, amanani amabili ziyadingeka:

1. Ubukhulu.
2. Ukugxila.

Ubukhulu okuzamazama kunqunywa seismograph. It kuvela, ngokusekelwe amandla ngawo idlidliza ipuleti, futhi ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo. Inkomba yesibili, futhi kuzoncika Amandla okuzamazama. Okunye imingcele futhi kuthinte noma icekelwe phansi, kodwa ngezinga elincane.

Amandla okuzamazama yindawo shaking ngqo phezulu. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona itholakala ezijulile ngaphansi amagxolo. Futhi lapho kunyakaza zifika phandle, balahlekelwa amandla abo. Ngakho, kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kungenzeka eqinile, kodwa uzokwehla kufika endaweni yokuhlala lesintu.

Ngokuqondene namandla, khona-ke, esikalini soku-amaphuzu 12. Okokuqala muntu. Kuzoqalwa nge-4 amaphuzu, umuntu azizwa hhayi kuphela shaking, kodwa kuphinde kwacekela phansi izinto ezihlukahlukene, ezifana izitsha noma izibuko. Futhi kukhona ezingeni enamandla 11-12 kusukela phephetha everything abantu yonke eyake yakhiwa.

Indlela yokuthola lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona

Njengoba lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona ukuzamazama komhlaba - ke waqala shaking nokudludliza, ukuthola ngeke kube okusheshayo njalo. Konke kuzoncika indlela seismograph yesimanje efakwe esiteshini. It is wahlanganyela emsebenzini kokungathembeki. Ekuqaleni abanjwe P igagasi, kulandele S. wathumela kwamuva fixed L. Lezi amagagasi sinendima ebalulekile ezingeni umonakalo. Ngenxa yalokho, seismograph ezwelayo, ngokushesha sizokwazi ukubamba kunyakaza, futhi cishe iningi labantu ziyakhishwa.

Ososayensi besazama ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba esilandelayo kuzokwenzeka. Nokho, kunzima ukubala, ngokuvamile ngisho kungenzeka. Okungenani kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, uze yasungulwa seismographs ezibukhali ngokwengeziwe zamanje.

I ukuzamazama komhlaba okwadala umonakalo kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka lama-21

Ngeshwa, ngokwemvelo kukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuvela zazo kuyakuba kuhilelani nemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Kwathi eJapane ngo-2011. Khona-ke, ngo-March 11, waqala shaking 9 amaphuzu. Akagcini nje ngokuphendula elabulala izinkulungwane zabantu, kodwa futhi imbangela yengozi at enuzi Fukushima-1. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ke wahlupheka abantu abaningi kunokujwayelekile ukuzamazama komhlaba okunjalo.

Kancane ngaphambili, njengoba kwakukhona banikine enobudlova (7 amaphuzu) ngo-2010 kwi eliyisiqhingi laseHaiti. Ngokusho idatha yamuva, wabulala ayizinkulungwane 200. Abantu, futhi inhloko-dolobha yakhe yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele.

Ngo-2008, inhlekelele iphutha eChina. Khona-ke seismographs eqoshiwe 8 amaphuzu. Izisulu babengaba zinkulungwane 70. Indoda, kodwa kuphela ngenxa ukundindizela waqala esifundazweni. Uma laliwumuzi omkhulu, bese ukubulawa kungaba abantu abaningi.

Ukuzamazama okukhulu nale, hhayi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Kodwa ukundindizela encane eqoshiwe seismographs ikakhulukazi ebucayi cishe nsuku zonke.

isiphetho

Ngakho, lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona ukuzamazama komhlaba - nanti iphuzu okuyinto kuphakamisa kunyakaza zokuzamazama komhlaba. amathuluzi Modern akuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukuthola indawo kubhekwa. Ukuqoqwa kolwazi olunjalo liyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ososayensi bayakwazi kamuva seismographs ukuthola nesenzakalo lokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngakho, lezi idatha kuzovumela ukuxwayisa abantu ukuthatha izinyathelo ukunciphisa abantu nempahla yabo zezisulu.