Umlando Brazil: amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nemicimbi ukhiye

Umlando Brazil iwumkhakha kakhulu ukuhlola. Kuleli zwe ezinkulu South America ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ezihlukahlukene namasiko okuxubile. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwenza futhi egcwele ezihlukahlukene amaqiniso umlando eBrazil. Kafushane mayelana kuzoxoxwa kule isibuyekezo.

Brazil phambi ukutholakala elandelwa abantu baseYurophu

Umlando Brazil phambi ukuvulwa abaMhlophe yayo wafunda yini kwafana thina ababengathanda ngayo. Izwe elinabantu izizwe ezehlukene Indian: ubuhlungu, emikhosini, guazhazhara, Mundurucu, Tupi, njll ngokuyisisekelo zazingaphucukile umnotho ayimizulane kanye lulwimi ayimizulane .. Nakuba kwakunabamemezeli izitshalo yezolimo, isibonelo, kwi Marajó Island.

Nor is it of the nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele yeBrazil esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi samakholoni ngisho eduze ezingeni kokudaliweyo isimo sabo siqu.

Ukufika labelungu Brazil

Yasishintsha umlando Brazil, emva kuvulwa European yayo. Okokuqala wavula yezwe Izwe Elidala Expedition Portuguese Pedro Alvares Cabral, lifika ngasogwini Brazil zanamuhla 1500. Lezi zindawo Cabral ngokuthi Earth Vera Cruz (Isiphambano True), kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ke Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Land laseSanta Cruz (Holy Cross). Kamuva kwafika igama "Brazil", ngokusho igama komunye wemithi okhule lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owathola emazweni amasha kusekelwe a Fort encane - Fort Seger, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba ibe indawo ephephile.

Ngenxa yalesi isihambi Brazil safinyelela nezinye mikhankaso amaningi aseYurophu. Ngokuvamile lokhu ezweni baqala ukuvakashela isiPutukezi, ukuqonda ukuthi yini ingcebo ke anazo nokuthi kungaletha umqhele isiPutukezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mazwe babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli yi division isiPutukezi kwezwe 1494 phakathi ePortugal naseSpain.

wamakoloni Brazil

Kodwa ababaleki unomphela bevela ePortugal Brazil waqala ukuhlala kuphela ngo-1530. San Vicente yasungulwa (1532) kanye Salvador (1549). Lesi sakamuva laba isikhungo lesifunda ngaphonswa.

Brazil kuyosheshe kube maphakathi ukukhiqizwa komoba. Sihlakulela yaleli kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi izinto eziningi ezinkulu amazwe izigqila abamnyama.

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-XVII ngekhulu le-Portuguese abahlala eBrazil, kwadingeka alwe ibe yimpi enzima nge-Dutch, ngubani babethi nabo ingxenye yalezi zindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli koloni isiPutukezi yandile insimu yalo maphakathi nezwe.

umbuso

Ngemva amaviyo French uMbusi Napoleon matasa insimu ka Portugal, amaPutukezi Korol Zhuan VI esewelele nge enkantolo lakhe eBrazil lapho wayehlala kulo leli dolobha eRio de Janeiro. has kanjani eBrazil, akayanga lesi sinyathelo - ayaziwa, kodwa yinye into esicacile: kwaba ukuqala isikhathi esisha zonke emlandweni wayo, uma saphela ikoloni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nangemva Napoleon wakhethwa Joao VI babengafuni ukubuyela kusuka eBrazil kuya e Lisbon. Wenza kanjalo kuphela 1821, ecindezelwa emibuthanweni ahlukile isiPutukezi. EBrazil, washiya indodana yakhe Pedro ngo isimo Viceroy. Kodwa lapho iphalamende isiPutukezi wazama ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele ukuzimela Brazilian, uPedro zenqaba ukuzithoba kanye yazibeka umbusi. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana iqala umlando countdown yeBrazil isimo.

Lapho 1826 amaPutukezi Korol Zhuan VI uyise Brazilian uMbusi Pedro ngafa, indodana benqaba nkosi ePortugal, washiya sobukhosi yezwe yaba yindodakazi yakhe encane. Nokho, maduzane nje, umfowabo uMiguel egumbuqela nomshana. Ngakho-ke, uPedro mina asiyeke sobukhosi Brazilian esivuna indodana yakhe usana Pedro II, futhi yena eya Portugal ukubiza ngokuthatha umthwalo.

Ngaphansi koMbusi Pedro II Brazil laba umbuso onamandla, uyakwazi sisho izimo zabo kulelivekati. Phakathi Empire kwakukhona reorientation of lunye zezimboni yezwe ukutshalwa komoba ukutshala ikhofi. Ubugqila uya limane lifakwe ngemuva kuze ekugcineni wavinjelwa 1888.

ukusungulwa republic

Nokho, naphezu impumelelo kahulumeni, umlando Brazil ngokushesha kwashintsha kakhulu. Izwe uya ezikhulayo amabutho republic namandla. Ngo-1889, uMbusi Pedro II wagudluzwa e umbuso ngaphandle kwegazi. Brazil iba i-republic federal.

Inkathi esukela 1889 kuya 1930 okuthiwa i-Old Republic. Kule nkathi yesikhathi kuleli zwe lapho kwakugcwele nokuvukela, ikakhulukazi ukuvukela Navy (1893-1894 GG.) Futhi canudos kuvukela (1896-1897 GG.). Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Brazil ngokusemthethweni lasetshenziswa ohlangothini Entente, kodwa usizo lwangempela kwaba omncane.

Inkathi kobushiqela

Ngo-1930, i-Old Republic iye cishe iqedwe ngenxa le Icebo lika wafika amandla amandla ezepolitiki eliholwa Getúlio Vargas. Ekuqaleni, ibhodi Vargas usefunde uchungechunge imithetho okuqhubekayo, kuhlanganise uMthethosisekelo, kanye abesifazane banikwa ilungelo lokuvota. Kodwa umbuso ngokushesha yaba izici mva futhi undlovukayiphikiswa kuluthola. Vargas waqala ukuphishekela amabutho nokuphikiswa, futhi ngo-1937 wamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo, ziyoncibilika iCongress wamisa de empeleni waba wobushiqela.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbuso Vargas e uhlobo safana amaNazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, waba khona njalo anti-Hitler sokusebenzisana kanye Brazilian bathumela amasosha ngaphambili.

Ngemva kwempi, Vargas waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe. I Republic Okwesibili yasungulwa, lapho umongameli kwaba wezokuVikela esidlule ngaphansi Vargas Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Futhi, umthethosisekelo omusha wamukelwa. Ngo-1951, Vargas wafika amandla futhi, manje njengoba umongameli republic yeningi, kodwa ngo-1954 ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali, kwadingeka wazibulala.

Umongameli elilandelayo Zhuselinu Kubichek ethutha ikomkhulu a elakhiwe ngokukhethekile le njongo, idolobha - Brazil.

Ngo-1964, umbuso wezempi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho gaba yebutho ashaqe amandla kuleli zwe. Lokhu wezombusazwe kobushiqela wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1985.

Isigaba yesimanje

Kodwa maphakathi nawo-80s, kwaba sobala ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukubashumayeza ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ezweni lanamuhla ngesikhathi esifanayo, Brazil. umlando wezwe futhi washintsha ngo-1985 lapho ingcindezi lempi abantu baphoqeleka ukuba ukunikezela amandla. emakhethweni wentando yeningi yayiqhutshelwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho electors nguMengameli Tancredo de Almeida Nevis, kungakabiphi bafa. imisebenzi yakhe waqala ukwenza umsekeli kaMongameli walelibandla José Sarney. Umthethosisekelo omusha wamukelwa ngonyaka ka 1988.

Ngo-1989, selokhu 1960 okhethweni lukazwelonke umengameli. Bona iwine Fernando Collor. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili icala lenkohlakalo kanye impeach kuye. uthola isiphetho esinjena kwamehlela kakade 2016. uMongameli noDilma Rousseff. esikhundleni sakhe kwaba Michelle Isikhathi.

Okwamanje, Brazil kwelinye lamazwe kwezomnotho ekhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liphakathi emazweni amahlanu ngobukhulu futhi enabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Sifunda indlela ukuthuthukisa eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule eBrazil. Amaqiniso angokomlando kungaba hhayi kuphela ezifundisayo, kodwa futhi ezithakazelisayo. On ezinye zazo sizobe ukukhuluma namuhla.

Inhlokodolobha yesimanje ye Brasilia yadalwa 1960 ngokuvumelana uhlelo wezakhiwo Oscar Nimeiri. Kuyinto eyodwa lomncane dolobha emhlabeni. Brazil - Neyesithathu -dolobha yeBrazil , ngemva Salvador Rio de Janeiro.

Kakhulu idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Brazil kuyinto Sao Paulo, ongakaze kwadingeka isimo enhlokodolobha.

AmaBrazilians Okushintshwe yesimanje kakhulu emgqeni besilisa bayinzalo amaPutukezi, futhi komama - abameleli nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele wendawo.

Ngo-Rio de Janeiro, uphawu wezwe isethi - Statue of Kristu eBrazil. Indaba le isikhumbuzo imitha-38-okusezingeni eliphezulu iqala ngo-1922. It ke waqala ukwakhiwa yayo, futhi leso senzakalo sasingenawo ekugubheni eyikhulu ukuzimela wezwe. Ukwakha kwaphothulwa ngo-1931. Manje esifanekisweni yaziwa njengenye ngelinye lamadolobha esimanjemanje Seven Izimangaliso the World.