Ilungelo uvotele abesifazane; kungumnikelo ngokoqobo noma ukunqoba emzabalazweni eside

Ukuya poll ngosuku lokhetho, abesifazane abaningi namuhla musa noma ucabange kwaba kanjani futhi eside nzima indlela, akwenzele izigidi ababengaphambi zabo. Phela, ngezinye izikhathi owadela konke ukuze anikezwe leli thuba - ilungelo lokuvota. abesifazane Ngokwesiko kwathiwa bancishwa, futhi neze kuyabonakala namanje. Thanda inkululeko nakwezinye izinto, lelilungelo ifikile inqubo eside ekubeni, lize wabonwa futhi lelo yilungelo eliqinisekiswe imithethosisekelo lamazwe amaningi athuthukile. Futhi kule nqubo iye yafinyelela umvuthwandaba esanda kutholakala: umcabango scary, kodwa iminyaka engu-40 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili waseFrance ayikwazanga ukuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange ngaphandle kwemvume umyeni wakhe, futhi ngo-1946 yena wangeniswa esiteshini sokuvotela.

Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi ngasekupheleni WamaRoma abesifazane ayeba kuyo angakufanelekeli ukuzuza njengefa impahla, futhi lokhu kusho umthetho wamaRoma. Nokho, incazelo ubuKristu ubuKatolika wenza "indodakazi ka-Eva" unecala lesono sokuqala. It waqala ukusakaza umbono wokuthi uhlobo owesifazane ngokomzwelo, kalula, silly futhi nje akakwazi ukulawula ngokwayo, futhi idinga ukuba abavikela - yokuqala uyise abese umyeni wakhe. Ngenxa amakhodi zomthetho lamazwe West yaseYurophu yanyamalala kwesokudla sowesifazane ukuba ngumnikazi kanye nokuchitha impahla ngokuphelele. Ngalokho kwaba ilungelo lokuvota e abesifazane ephakathi, sisikisela iqiniso elingokomlando elandelayo. Lapho Countess de Foix waveza izizathu zabo siqu mpikiswano zenkolo e Pamiers ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII, umfundisi French waphonsa yakhe ebusweni: "Nkosikazi, ukubuya iphindisele ukuphotha!".

Lokhu ukungabi kwamandla wobulili "ababuthakathaka" siqhubeka kuze kube 1789 amaFulentshi Revolution. isiqubulo salo "Liberty, Zokulingana, elangenza" waba ngomdlandla etholwe abesifazane ngubani iqhaza zonke izinqubo zezepolitiki. Kodwa lapho kunyatheliswa idokhumenti eyinhloko inguquko "ISimemezelo Samalungelo yomuntu", kanye Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo, bathola ukuthi lezi iziqubulo anezinkanyezi musa ezibakhathazayo, kodwa ngabesilisa kuphela. Olympe de Gouges, umbhali, kwaba ngo-1791 "Isimemezelo amalungelo isakhamuzi" - lo Manifesto lokuqala ukulwela amalungelo. Kodwa uhulumeni awahlangabezananga isigamu sabantu ezweni lonke, kunalokho, izinhlangano bonke abesifazane bavinjelwa, kanye "esitezi sesibili" ngisho bavunyelwe ukuba khona emicimbini yomphakathi, lokuhlobanisa lona abantwana kanye uhlanya. Olympe de Gouges eseqedile ukuphila guillotine. Kodwa French asisodwa umzabalazo wabo ilungelo lokuvota.

Meri Uollstonkraft e 1792 ishicilela eLondon umsebenzi wakhe, "Ukuvikela amalungelo abesifazana", okuyinto efakazela isidingo ukulingana zabo bobubili ubulili. Futhi abesifazane suffrage ukunyakaza - ukuhamba ngoba suffrage zabesifazane - wazalelwa e-United States. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1848. Ngo-1870, kwabesifazane baseBrithani eqoqwe amasignisha izigidi ezintathu ku sokuba ilungelo ukhetha futhi bakhethwe. Bafaka iphepha ePhalamende.

Kodwa izwe lokuqala lapho abesifazane ekugcineni ilungelo lokuvota, Waba New Zealand - e 1893. Kamuva, ukunqoba kule ndaba osekuzuziwe e-Australia (1902), e-USA (1920), eGreat Britain (1928). ERussia, ukulingana kwabesifazane yaletha October Revolution.

Imibhalo somthetho wamazwe amaningi Muslim isacuketse amalungiselelo owesifazane akuyona ilungu esizimele emphakathini. Kwezinye izifundazwe ayinakho iphasipoti, kokuba alotshiwe umshado kayise idokhumenti, futhi ngemva kwakhe - e ipasipoti umyeni wakhe. Lokhu eziyimbangela ngokuyinhloko inkinga kwababaleki abahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasemazweni US ivaliwe imiphakathi.