Salmonella - kuyini? Salmonellosis: izimpawu, ukwelashwa

Salmonellosis - isifo i nature esithathelanayo, okuyinto ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi esibonakala ngokuqina adakwe ukunqotshwa, ikakhulukazi esiswini namathumbu.

izizathu

Bacterium Gram-negative amagciwane induku emise bohlobo lwe-Salmonella, umndeni Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella, Shigella). Leli gciwane olumelana amathonya kwemvelo. Ngo amanzi ukuze usinde sikhatsi lesingaba tinyanga letisitfupha enhlabathini izinyanga kuze kufinyelele nesishiyagalombili. I inyama nobisi ngokuvamile atholakala salmonella. Kuyini - yiphutha, isitoreji abampofu noma ukucutshungulwa - ayibalulekile. Izifo ekuqaleni nje walondoloza, kodwa futhi ikhono nokuzala. Nambithani ukubonakala imikhiqizo aliguquki. Ukubhema, salting, imikhiqizo okokuqandisa aliholeli kokufa umsuka ezithathelwanayo.

Umthombo sifo - umuntu egula noma yenethiwekhi kwamagciwane, kanye nezinkukhu nezilwane. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka uma usebenzisa inyama etholakala esilwaneni (imvu, ingulube, izinkomo, goose, amadada, izinkukhu), ubisi enobuthi futhi amaqanda. Salmonella e amaqanda - yimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi pathogen angadluliselwa ngokusebenzisa izinto zasekhaya, ukudla, amanzi kule amadamu, uma kwakukhona ukuxhumana nomuntu ogulayo noma isilwane. Lesi sifo kwenzeka emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. Kuyinto evamile ngaphezulu zasehlobo, ezindaweni idolobha elikhulu. abantu abadala kanye nezingane nivame kuwo ngenxa ukumelana ongaphakeme ukuze Amagciwane.

ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo

Uma esiswini amathumbu, Salmonella igciwane ifinyelela emathunjini amancane, lapho amaseli EPITHELIAL abanjwe futhi engena mucosa. Lapha futhi kukhona ukukhiqizwa kabusha yayo, elibangela izinguquko ukuvuvukala kule lwamafinyila namagciwane ukusakaza okwengeziwe igazi zamanzi. Njengoba ukufa kwe-Salmonella yayo ephelelwe yisikhathi kuyinto ukudakwa njalo. Disturbed igazi microcirculation, ezokuthutha ion, okuholela ngokwahlukana abukhali yamanzi futhi electrolyte ku mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi kwamaseli.

symptomatology

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni zokhahlamba kusuka amahora ayisithupha ukuze izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pathogen ngokwalo akazange abonise. Khona-ke lesi sifo engena amalungelo okugcwele, njengokushayela salmonella, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo avele: ngokucijile ekuphumeni lokushisa, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, ikhanda, Ukugodola. Sibekezele kwentaba isisu ichichima, ubuhlungu imakwe therein esesuthi encishisiwe, izigqiki okuxekethile livela (mhlawumbe izimbici futhi fetid), ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu.

Doctor umhloli nesineke, lapho Salmonella ixazululwe, izimpawu kuzoveza okulandelayo: ukunciphisa umfutho wabo wegazi, kwenhliziyo, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni (isikhumba kuyaqina kuyehla, mucosa ukuphaphatheka nokubanda ezomile, inani lehla umchamo, kukhona ukoma, hoarseness, abanye imisipha kungaba convulsive shwabanisa) , ubende elase landile futhi isibindi, isikhumba kanye icteric sclera.

Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo sibe sepsis ezinzima, lapho izitho ezihlukahlukene izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka yesibili ubovu foci (isibindi, meninges, izindlala zamanzi node, nenyongo sesinye, aorta, amaphaphu endocardium, amalunga, amathambo).

Izinkinga Uvame ukuzithola kule isifo - i ezithathelwanayo-enobuthi ukushaqeka, ukushaqeka hypovolemic, ukwehluleka oyingozi kwezinso.

bacteriocarrier

Le ndlela lesi sifo libhekene iqiniso lokuthi akukho-ukubonakaliswa ngeziguli abantu akuyona kugujwe, kodwa kunamasiko Salmonella (isithombe) ukutholwa serological futhi izifundo bacteriological. Zonke abathwali amagciwane zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezifana: ukuthutha acute, ezingamahlalakhona futhi eziphelayo.

Acute ayekubona phakathi rekonvalistsentov futhi esibonakala ngokuqina ngabodwa we bacterium kusukela emzimbeni wemoto esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingu nanhlanu kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu.

ukuthutha Okungalapheki Kushiwo ukuthini uma izinyanga nomzimba ngaphezu ezintathu lwabelwe salmonella. Kuyini, igcizelela abaseshi saziso izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kabusha isifundo lokuqukethwe duodenal, umchamo, ngemva kwalokho angene endleni.

bacteriocarrier zesikhashana kusho ukungabi khona izimpawu emtholampilo ngesikhathi inhlolovo kanye odlule izinyanga ezintathu, futhi ukuhlolwa bacteriological ziye zanikeza omunye omuhle - kabili ne esingaba usuku olulodwa, ngemiphumela engemihle esikhathini esizayo.

ukuhlola

Thola ukuthi hlobo luni isifo embuzweni, unga, ukuqoqa idatha epidemiological (salmonella e amaqanda nokunye ukudla, uhlobo iqembu sifo). Ngo-laboratory ukuthola isiqinisekiso nalobo izindlela ocwaningo oluthile.

luhlolo bacteriological. Of lavage esiswini, umchamo, igazi, Bile, vomitus, indle labelwe Salmonella. Kuyini - futhi kuqinisekiswa cwaningo.

Basabela kanjani hemagglutination ngokungaqondile, agglutination test, umphelelisi nenkanuko edlulele test - kunqunywa titer omzimba ukuba pathogen ku serum igazi.

Izindlela ze-non-eqondile ukuhlola laboratory ephelele segazi isetshenziswa.

ukuxilongwa umehluko

Ukwehlukanisa ezifweni babe ehsherihioza nesihudo, i-typhoid futhi ikholera, ukudla okunobuthi isilwane ubuthi noma imvelaphi yemifino, izinto wezinto ezingaphili futhi organic, appendicitis, futhi isilethikusebenza.

Ukwelapha

Uma Salmonella elingalodwa, ukwelashwa kufanele sifake esiswini sihlanzwe amalitha amabili, amathathu amanzi noma isixazululo amaphesenti amabili sodium hydrogencarbonate. Isiguli inikezwe ukudla okuhlanganisa ukudla, engashiyi pheshana emathunjini, kokubili athutha futhi amakhemikhali. Lapho Salmonella lutholwa, le ndlela yokwelapha ihilela nokuvulwa esiyisibopho ezingeni uketshezi emzimbeni kanye nenani electrolyte.

Esikhathini sibi isifo olubi nokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni regidrotatsiya olwenziwa ngomlomo (ngomlomo) izidakamizwa "babuka", "Regidron", "Tsitroglyukosalan" nezinye izixazululo electrolyte. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isixazululo ushukela-usawoti, okuyinto okulungiselelwe ngokungeza ilitha amanzi abilayo amathisipuni eziyisishiyagalombili ushukela ezimbili amathisipuni kasawoti. Umthamo inani loketshezi ukugcwalisa ivolumu kufanele zilingane uketshezi ulahleke sezinyawo namanzi.

Uma lesi sifo futhi / noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezinzima ukwamukela ke iphendukele izixazululo emthanjeni of polyionic ( "Ringerlaktat", "Chlosol", "Acesol", "Trisol", "Kvartasol"). Isixazululo sivela ngesivinini ethile kanye ivolumu ezithile, okuyinto incike degree of ukulahlekelwa uketshezi olubi nokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni ezingeni.

Ukuze ukubhujiswa pathogen aye ayisebenzisa kaningi omunye eziningana antimicrobial "Ofloxacin", "norfloxacin", "Ciprofloxacin" "Ceftriaxone".

Ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokudakwa, babe Sokuzivikela kuya enterosorbents "Polisorb", "Polyphepan", "Enterosorb", "Enterodez".

Buyisela electrolyte ibhalansi, isifo kahle, ukusiza "bismuth subsalicylate" izidakamizwa "Sandostatin" "Imodium", "aspirin", "Indomethacin"

Futhi, isiguli kumelwe athathe izidakamizwa ukuthi ukwandisa ukumelana non-eqondile umzimba futhi ibuyisela microflora evamile emathunjini (eubioticheskie webhaktheriya, amavithamini, Antioxidants). Libeke nesineke ngangokunokwenzeka lapho kuqala ngokugcwele yokutakula emitholampilo izifundo bacteriological uqinisekise yokuntuleka endleni yabantu abanaleli agent causative.

zokuvimbela

Ukuvimbela izifo wezilwane saziso nokulawula sanitary lokuhlaba yenkukhu nemfuyo, kuncike yonke imithetho kanye nobuchwepheshe ukucutshungulwa kwezidumbu, zokuthutha lesifanele, isitoreji nokumaketha ukudla. Kukhona umuthi wokugoma, eyayihlanganisa i-Salmonella inactivated. Lokho-ke kuvimbela isifo zezinyoni nezilwane, yibo bonke abantu. Inhlolo-vo eyenziwa abasebenzi e izikhungo kanye nezinkampani ukudla futhi kusiza ukuvimbela izifo.