Yiziphi izitho vegetative izitshalo

Wokukhuthazwa izitshalo kusezweni ephelezelwa aromorphoses inombolo (izinguquko qualitative yokuziphendukela kwemvelo), elinye lawo kwaba ukuvela izitho umahluko - ihlumela impande. Lokhu izitho vegetative izitshalo kuyo yonke izinqubo esibalulekile ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba ezibalulekile ngaphandle ukuzala (obhekene ke izitho okuzala). imisebenzi yabo eziyinhloko umsoco futhi umzimba njalo nezwe elingaphandle. Ezinye izimila kanyekanye ezindaweni ezimbili - umkhathi lithosphere - elihlobene ne isidingo sokuthuthukisa, nomhlabathi, futhi emoyeni. Nge ngalinye kulawa abezindaba uxhumana izitho ekhethekile.

izitho vegetative zezitshalo ephakeme zihlukaniswe komhlaba (izimpande) futhi aboveground (amahlumela). Nge impande isitshalo fixed emhlabathini, ungamunca umswakama bese izakhi kuwo, ukuqongelela kubo bese uyiswa ukubaleka, futhi kwezinye izimo wenziwa esiphelweni vegetative. izimpande Kushintshwe kukhona impande nezilimo eziyizigaxa (eJerusalema artichoke, dahlia), impande izitshalo (beet, izaqathe), isipele-impande (pandanus, banyan), izimpande zasemoyeni (orchid), ukuphefumula izimpande (taksodium), sucker izimpande (ivy). Ekuqaleni, lezi zitho vegetative yayiklanyelwe amaminerali umsoco, kodwa kwezinye izimo abasenzela izici esiyinqaba. izimpande Aerial kwezinye orchid sizibekele umswakama womoya, kuyilapho taksodiuma enze umsebenzi zokuphefumula. epiphytes Abaningi basilengisa emoyeni, sibonga khona chlorophyll abe nombala oluhlaza kanye zinengxenye-photosynthesis.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko Ukuphunyuka - amandla carbon. Ngokungafani impande, kuba isitho eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa ahlukene izingxenye oxhumene - isiqu, amacembe kanye efihlekile. Ngokuqondene nalokhu ophunyukayo ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa njengekhambi elingaba usizo uhlelo ekhethekile ehlanganisa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene kodwa kuhlobene. Kwezinye imithombo ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngisho isimangalo ukuthi isiqu, amacembe kanye efihlekile - lena futhi izitho vegetative izitshalo. Amahlumela kukhona vegetative (eluhlaza) futhi okuzala (ebizwa amahlamvu, izimbali kanye nezithelo).

Ukuphunyuka base iyona stem, esizolokhu ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi izimpande kanye amahlamvu, isekela izitho okuzala futhi uyazifeza ukuthuthwa amanzi nezakhi yahlakazeka. Ngezinye izikhathi stem ehilelekile yokuzala vegetative, futhi umuntu afe esemncane - futhi i-photosynthesis. Imisebenzi ishidi ngokuthi i-photosynthesis, transpiration, igesi exchange, ukugcina izinto futhi micropropagation. Sezinso - kuyinto yokuphunyuka esingesihle.

Phakathi ontogeny (ukuthuthukiswa ngabanye) plant izitho vegetative kungaba nezinguquko ezinkulu isakhiwo (baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele). Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa izici ezithile sezulu okusinda lapho Kwezinye izingxenye izitshalo ukushintsha imisebenzi yawo yangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, e-izindawo ezomile kwezinhlobo eziningi amahlamvu siguqulelwa emeveni noma izikali ukwehlisa ebusweni ukuhwamuka. Ngezinye stem amaSucculents (Afrika Euphorbia, Cacti) Isiqu esinamanzi - ke vodozapasayuschy nogwali photosynthesis, okuyinto axils amahlamvu ongakasetshenzwa sikhule amahlumela emifushane nezixha ameva. Izitshalo ezidla (drosophyllum, pinguicula, sundew) amahlamvu aguqulwa ku izicupho Okuyınqo, okuyizinto indlela yokwenziwa noma asebenzayo ukuze uthwebule izinambuzane. Ezinye imivini (Passiflora, amagilebhisi) amahlumela zasemoyeni siguqulelwa ukugibela izitho (izimpondo) - futhi baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele.

izitho vegetative zezitshalo abathintekayo yokuzala asexual, okuyinto ekwakhekeni umzimba abasha kusuka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye umzali. Le ndlela esiphelweni kuyinto ikuyo yonke endle futhi limatasa elisetshenziswa simila. Kulokhu, wasebenzisa njengoba izitho ezikhethekile (izimpande, ama, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye stolons) futhi kuqhakanjiswe (sifanamsindvo, ishiya).

Ngo izitshalo aphansi vegetative kwezitho kuyinto Wonke umzimba wawo, isibonelo, i-mycelium we ukhunta.