Usuku lokukhululwa ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi (1944, January 27)

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kuka-70 kusukela ngenkathi lapho amabutho aseSoviet wona ekugcineni wakwazi phakamisa nokuvinjelwa Leningrad, eyathatha izinsuku cishe 900 eside, sethusa futhi nobusuku obungamashumi amane. amabutho amaNazi Azungezo yesibili nobaluleke kakhulu neSoviet Union ngo-Septhemba 1941. Kodwa nakuba isikhona izimpi eziningi ezishubile, amabhomu njalo futhi ngamabhomu, isikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu amasiko, zezentengiselwano nezombusazwe likahulumeni waseSoviet wakwazi ukumelana ingcindezi Amazing lesitha.

Ngemva kwalokho, umyalo German wanquma ukuthatha enhlokodolobha enyakatho esiyingini. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunzima kangakanani kanzima abantu abahlala emadolobheni namaphesenti amasosha iRed Army, kodwa namanje abiza umzamo angaphezu kwawabantu esondela, ngezinga elingcono kakhulu ababengenza, usuku wenkululeko ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi. Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke ezisekhona ngale dethi abalulekile.

Eyokuqala ukuvinjelwa ebusika

Kuyadingeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuthi nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad yahanjelwa hhayi kuphela amabutho aseJalimane. Ngesandla ku-Finnish Army, Navy, futhi isiNtaliyane, iSpanishi "Blue Division", futhi izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezivela emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Lo muzi ukusika cishe ngokuphelele off kusukela lonke izwe. Ngesikhathi evimbezela omkhulu, enezela wo ntu ukudla phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, kwaba endleleni yokuphila. Ngakho ngokuthi indlela ukuthi wagijima yonkana ice yeLake Ladoga. Izakhamizi baye bahlupheka ubunzima Amazing, futhi ngakho-ke waya kuze, kuze usuku lokukhululwa ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi.

Kodwa umgwaqo ice lalingenakuzisibekela ngokugcwele zonke izidingo idolobha elikhulu kangaka. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Leningrad elahlekile, ngokusho kombiko ezihlukahlukene, kusukela abangamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziningana abe ingxenye yesigidi izakhamuzi zakhona. Iningi labantu abafela kuyo ngenxa yendlala futhi hypothermia kubangelwa ukusweleka okukhulu ukudla nophethiloli. Nokuvinjelwa ebusika lokuqala 1941-1942 yayinzima kakhulu, ngakho ukulahlekelwa main yafika nje ngalesi sikhathi. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuthengisela ngcono kancane, futhi abantu bakuleli dolobha wakwazi ukuhlela amapulazi, ngemva kwalokho inani lokufa kwehle kakhulu.

isiqinisekiso documentary

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abahlala awazange alinde isikhathi lapho ngelinye ilanga kwafika amadodana ephakamisa ephelele nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Leli khasi WWII ingenye esibi kunazo futhi nobuqhawe emlandweni wezwe. Umuntu udinga kuphela kokukhumbula edabukisayo kwedayari yesikole Tani Savichevoy. Kukhona Amakhasi ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela, eziyisithupha okunikezelwe ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu lakubo - nabafowabo, nawodadewabo, umama wakhe, ugogo nomalume ezimbili.

Empeleni, cishe wonke amalungu omkhaya bafela ebusika lokuqala lokuvimbezela, kusukela ngo-December 1941 kuya ku-May 1942. Le ntombazane kakhulu efanayo ophulwa eyathutha oya ezwekazini. Kodwa njengoba uTanya impilo wayazi kahle basibukela phansi ukungondleki izinyanga eziningi, washona ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Wabe wayeneminyaka engu-14 kuphela ubudala.

Ekugcineni ngosuku u ngokugcwele bephakamisa Leningrad ukuvinjelwa. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, uTanya namanje okungalungile. Umfowabo omdala nodadewethu omdala ngasinda, futhi ngabo kubhulogi bafunda umhlaba wonke. Lamarekhodi ziye zaba enye yezindawo izimpawu zalowo ukuvinjelwa esabekayo. Ngesikhathi eNuremberg nokulingwa idayari uTanya sika yethulwa njengobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwesihluku esinonya futhi ngesihluku umbuso undlovukayiphikiswa.

ukunqoba umgwaqo

Ngo-January 1943, iRed Army, ngoba wenza imizamo ezithandekayo ngokubeka enkundleni yempi inani elikhulu amasosha akuleli olwenziwa eyohlinzwa ikhodi-okuthiwa "Spark". Ngokuhamba amabutho akhe we Volkhov naseLeningrad izimpi wahluleka ukuphula ngokusebenzisa ukuzivikela German. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavula ewumngcingo ephasishi iphelela kanye Lake Ladoga. On it futhi ibuyiselwe zokuxhumana ezweni emzini ovinjezelwe ne-mpumalanga yezwe.

Kuleli sayithi emotweni esifushane umgwaqo kwavula futhi kujantshi, okuyinto babizwa ngokuthi "ukunqoba othandekayo." Ngemva kwalokho, izwe kwadingeka ithuba ukusungula supply umuzi ukudla nophethiloli, kanye kuhlengwe iningi lezakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane nezingane. Kodwa lokhu akulona ekupheleni nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. idolobha Liberation Suku sondela kuphela ngemva konyaka.

I soshintsho

Ngo-1943, i-iRed Army wayekade eziningi imisebenzi amasu ezibalulekile. Lezi zihlanganisa Battle of kwaseStalingrad, impi ku le orel-eKursk, in the Donbas futhi Dnieper. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1944 kwaba khona isimo esikahle sokuxoxa kakhulu, okuyinto kakhulu alethwe usuku wenkululeko ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi. Januwari 27 kuzokwenzeka, kodwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi amabutho amaNazi namanje kuyingozi enkulu. Wehrmacht akalilahlile ukulwa layo khono, njengoba kufakazelwa ezempi eyenziwa yibo. Ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe zazisekhona izingxenye ezinkulu endaweni ye-USSR.

Ngesikhathi front yesibili eNtshonalanga Yurophu ingakamiswa uyaziwa kwaba ezandleni laseJalimane lobuNazi, njengoba uvumele Hitler ukuba agxilise ngamandla abo onke, kwakuliwa empumalanga. Labo ezempi ukuthi yayiqhutshelwa Italy, kwadingeka kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi abanaso nhlobo ithonya phezu Wehrmacht. Ngakho-ke i-usuku lokukhululwa ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi lalilokhu lihlehlisiwe.

Amasu ukuze kukhululwe edolobheni

Ngezinye kakhulu ekupheleni 1943. Izinga unqume ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge emagalelweni amabutho esitha. ukuhlaselwa Lohleliwe esuka kude impela eLeningrad kuya oLwandle Olumnyama, kugxilwe ikakhulukazi phezu ezinhlangothini bengaphambili Soviet-German.

Okokuqala, kwakudingekile ukuba nihlukane iqembu wamabutho "North", idolobha kweLeningrad ukuvula nokukhululwa Baltics. On isiqondiso eseningizimu kwakudingeka ukusula amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa hhayi kuphela eCrimea, kodwa Kwesokudla Bank Ukraine, bese siphume kuze kube semngceleni we-Soviet Union.

Ukukhulula ephelele Leningrad Day ukuvinjelwa esondela, ngezinga ababengenza ngalo, amadoda 2nd aseBaltic, Volkhov naseLeningrad nezimpi, kanye amabutho Baltic Fleet.

Belwela Northern Capital

I okuhlaselayo waqala ngoJanuwari 14. Nge bridgehead Oranienbaum waqhubeka kuhlasela ukushaqeka 2nd, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo - futhi 42 Army th of Leningrad Front. Ngokushesha wahamba nabo wafike Volkhov. Mangisho ukuthi amabutho esitha ayehlelekile umugqa wezokuvikela, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ahlinzekwa ukumelana nenkani. Futhi ku ijubane iRed Army nomthelela ehlathini exhaphozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuncibilika iqhwa Januwari waqala ngokuzumayo uvinjelwe elawula zempi.

Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu bebe ekuqaleni okuhlaselayo amabutho aseSoviet wona wakwazi Red Village futhi Ropsha. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ePeterhof-Strelna iqembu undlovukayiphikiswa esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe futhi kancane, ubhubhe izinsalela zayo - sesehle sisuka emzini ovinjezelwe for 25 km. Nosongo olufanayo futhi waphenduka Iziqeshana uxhumano, kodwa amaJalimane isikhathi ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo. Usuku lokukhululwa ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi (1944) sisondela ngokushesha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iRed Army waxosha izidalwa ezihlala kwamanye amadolobha.

yokukhululwa Novgorod

Kwathi ngo-January 20. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kwempi Novgorod kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela kwamasiko, esayensi nezezimboni isikhungo esiyinhloko. Kunzima ukukucabanga, kodwa kwelinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu Russian lasendulo ngasinda izakhiwo hhayi ningi than 40. Yehlelwa amaNazi namatshe ezikhumbuzo ezinkulu yobuciko lasendulo kanye izakhiwo. Babhujiswa emasontweni St uPetru noPawulu e Kozhevniki noMsindisi ngokuphelele Ilyina. Kusukela kubo kwakukhona kuphela amathambo angqongqa izindonga. UNicholas St Sophia Cathedral kancane ubhujiswe, baphanga. Novgorod ezibiyele nayo kakhulu ubuhlungu.

Kubonakala sengathi isizathu ukubhujiswa okukhulu emzini kungaba icebo kubaholi bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa German. Lathi emazweni Novgorod babeboshelwe ukuhambisa eMpumalanga bamakoloni Prussian, ngakho lapha wazama ukubhubhisa wonke ubufakazi bokuba khona zomlando namasiko abantu Russian. Ngisho isikhumbuzo elalinikezelwe Millennium yeRussia, iye adiliza. AmaJalimane babekhuphukela ukubeka ku-smelter.

abashokobezi ukunyakaza

Emalangeni alitjhumi ngemva yokukhululwa Novgorod, amabutho aseSoviet bakwazi ukuxosha amaJalimane Slutsk, Pushkin futhi Krasnogvardeisk, eza ngesikhathi esifanayo emgqeni in the sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni Luga. Lapho, bathatha bridgeheads eziningana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuya kuqina futhi le Soviet amayunithi engabandlululi ezisebenza kulezo zindawo. Ukuze ulwe nabo, umyalo German wajikijela Ibutho ngalinye kusukela ngamunye izigaba ekhona ensimini, ukwahlukana ngabanye nokuvikeleka. Ngenxa yalokho, Central Headquarters Partisan asebenzelana uchungechunge emagalelweni ezingemuva kwezinhloko zamaviyo undlovukayiphikiswa.

Ukukhululwa Northern Capital

Ekugcineni, kwafika usuku bephakamisa osekukade nokuvinjelwa impela eLeningrad (1944). Januwari 27 somsakazo sendawo nifunde umbhalo oda Leningrad Front bomlilo. Kwabikwa ukuthi nokuvinjelwa lususwe. Ngemva kwalokho amashumi ezinkulungwane ngokuyisimangaliso lokusinda nezakhamuzi abazivikelayo baphuthuma ezitaladini.

Ngaso 20:00 senziwa volleys 24 kusukela ngo-324 nezibhamu ayehambisana iziqhumane, nokukhanya kwasemuva we searchlights antiaircraft. E-Moscow, futhi, kwakungamadodana onesizotha wezikhali indesheni kanye iziqhumane. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-umuzi iNeva senza ngaphandle kuphela phakathi nempi. Ezinye izindaba zika-iziqhumane ezaqaliswa kuphela eMoscow.

kusengaphambili okwengeziwe

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi usuku wenkululeko ephelele Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi ekugcineni efika, iRed Army baqhubeka ukuhlasela amasosha abase bebaleka German phezu Luga, le Narva futhi Gdov izinkomba. AmaJalimane iphendule balwe yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Ngezinye izikhathi bakwazi ukuthatha kwamanye iRed Army encirclement. Februwari 4, amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela, abakhulula Gdov, ngokuletha out Lake Peipsi. Februwari 15 bakwazile ukuphulukundlela Luga sivikele.

Ngenxa yalokho zemisebenzi, amabutho ethu Wabhubhisa eside ukuzivikela abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa futhi anikele aseBaltic. ngezihluthu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-March, kodwa noma kunjalo, iRed Army uhlulekile ukukhulula lapho Narva. Volkhov Front yahlakazeka namabutho ayo bathunyelwa kwelinye ingxenye - Leningrad, kanye nezinye - 2 aseBaltic.

Entwasahlobo ka-1944, amasosha aseSoviet ifinyelele kakhulu ebiyelweyo umugqa German "Panther". Kodwa cishe izinyanga ezimbili yokulwa okuqhubekayo futhi abanolaka, Red Army balahlekelwa omkhulu imishini kanye nezisebenzi. Futhi e ukushoda inhlekelele nezinhlamvu! Ngakho-ke, izinga isinqumo ukuze uthumele amabutho kumodi ukuzivikela.

usuku Memorial

Ngo-1995, it yokutholwa umthetho kahulumeni, owawuthi lugujwa ngomhla ka-January 27 - Day wenkazimulo lempi Russia (Usuku yokwephula nokuvinjelwa Leningrad). Ngo-2013, uMongameli ngemvume idokhumenti entsha ngalolu suku. Kwase enye intuthuko maqondana negama elisha: Usuku Military Inkazimulo saqanjwa ngokuthi uSuku Liberation kweLeningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa amaNazi.

Januwari 27 - iwuphawu isibindi, ubunzima Amazing, umhlatshelo kanye ubuqhawe njengoba amasosha aseSoviet, izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abalwela Leningrad, waklonyeliswa imiklomelo ehlukahlukene kahulumeni. 486 Abantu baqala ukuba agqoke isikhundla esiphezulu Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa, ne abayisishiyagalombili - kabili.

izinganekwane lempi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uma nje kuke kwaba lezi zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele ezenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-70, isihloko inhlokodolobha esenyakatho ukuvinjelwa namanje kuseyimpikiswano. Abanye ososayensi zezombusazwe nezazi-mlando baye wasikisela ukuthi uma wobushiqela Stalin umbuso avunyelwe ke sokunikela emzini amabutho aseJalimane kanye Finnish, akwaze ukugwema imihlatshelo ezingadingekile ezifana phezu ingxenye yizakhamuzi, futhi Jan 27 - Ngosuku wenkululeko ephelele Leningrad - akavumanga ngakho sad emlandweni wezwe.

Ethi, abantu ukhohlwe ukuthi inhlokodolobha Northern kwaba lempi ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi into zamasu. Ukuwa kwawo ngabe kubangelwa nemiphumela ungalungiseki kungathinta umphumela impi. Iqiniso lokuthi Leningrad eyaqhutshwa emhlabeni ngokwayo amabutho enkulu isitha, okuyinto iqembu wamabutho "North". Ngemva umuzi, amabutho aseJalimane angase efakwe ukuba ahlasele eMoscow noma kokunqotshwa eCaucasus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi simo-ke kwakudingekile ukuba acabangele isici zokuziphatha, njengoba ukulahlekelwa Leningrad kise kakhulu ugqozi abantu baseSoviet hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi iRed Army iyonke.

Amacebo Germany nabasizi balo

ubuholi amaNazi kungukuthi nje ekubaleni ukuthunjwa wezempi, isikhungo amakhulu ezombusazwe nezezimboni kweSoviet Union, okuyinto umuzi iNeva. It is kuhlelwe ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele Leningrad. Futhi ubufakazi lokhu okufakiwe encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku, eyenziwe uMphathi Army Abasebenzi Frantsem Galderom eJalimane. Lathi Hitler ikhiphe isinqumo ocacile phezu eMoscow naseLeningrad, okuyinto isidingo "nokulinganisa kanye nomhlaba." Le mizi kanye eziningi abantu ukugcina sondle amaJalimane ngeke.

Ngaphandle Finland amangalelwe lonke Leningrad esifundeni, futhi Hitler uyakumnika wakhe ngokushesha basibhubhise ndawo. Laba bantu babekholelwa nokuthi umsebenzi edolobheni nge eziningi abantu akusiyo inzuzo, njengoba esitokisini ukudla ezinkulu ezifana abanayo. Kule esiphethweni sokuthi "abantu baseYurophu ophucukile", ngawo namaJalimane Finns babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli wanikela ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele edolobheni ngempela namaSoviet futhi abantu bayo yindlala.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa ukunqoba okukhulu sizuziwe, futhi iholide ezifana Suku bephakamisa nokuvinjelwa impela eLeningrad (1944, 27 Januwari), kukhona, futhi abantu ukukhumbula imihlatshelo wahlupheka lizwe ngenxa ye kuhlasela German undlovukayiphikiswa futhi nabangane babo.