Ivan Red. Iminyaka Engu-Ivan II Red

Ivan Red, Ivan noma 2, ingenye uhlobo Grand Dukes. Wazalwa ngo eMoscow ngo-March 30, 1326. Wayeyindodana ka-Ivan Kalita 1 futhi Princess Elena yesibili - inkosikazi yokuqala yenkosi. isidlaliso waso kwakuyindishi Red Ivan, ngokusho kwabanye lwemilando, ngenxa yobuhle bayo ezehlukile. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, ngoba usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa yawa phezu kwezinsizwa ongcwele ngosuku Quasimodo, noma njengoba ibizwa amagquma Red.

Ilungelo lokubusa

Ngo 1340, wafa Ivan Kalita 1, kodwa kwaphela unyaka wonke ngaphambi kokuba afe, yena kanye namadodana amadala uSimeyoni no-Ivan, waya Khan we zidlamlilo. Inkosi yayifuna ukuthola ilebula kuqala bona asinikele ekhaya eMoscow, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi wavuselela Tver ubukhulu, inhloko okuyinto wabekwa umbusi onamandla u-Alexander. Ubuye ancintisane eyizibulo Ivana Kality, futhi babethi nabo njengegunya eliphakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, uSimeyoni wathola ilebuli nokubusa okukhulu nangemva kokushona kukayise waqala ukubusa isimo.

Zvenigorod Prince

Indodana yesibili Ivan Kalita, Ivan Red, ngokuvumelana nentando kayise, yazuza ukulawula amadolobha 23 nasemizaneni, ebaluleke kunazo zonke okwakukhona Ruza futhi Zvenigorod. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa yayo wayebuye wesithathu eMoscow, etholwe co-ubunikazi nabafowethu abathathu. Ngakho, u-Ivan Red wathola isihloko iSikhulu Zvenigorod.

Lapho uyise eshona, eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakubhekwa cishe esekhulile. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, isikhulu abasha awuzange ubonwa njengenhlangano Inqubomgomo ezimele. Ivan uye wahlala njalo emthunzini imisebenzi noSimeyoni umfowabo lo Ngenxa yokuzigqaja nokuqhosha kungekho ithalente ekhethekile bangenwe umoya.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo kulesi sitatimende Kuyaphawuleka elandelayo. Ngo 1348, insimu bezwe Novgorod ngokuzumayo yahlasela inkosi Swedish Magnus 2 nebutho lakhe. USimeyoni le Proud wathumela ukusiza omakhelwane babo umzalwane Ivan, kodwa wayesaba itholene phezulu namabutho empi isitha futhi waphuthuma esephindela eMoscow. Ngesikhathi abaseSweden ephethwe wasithatha nut castle awuthumbe nedlanzana nezicukuthwane. Ngenxa yalokho, Novgorod kwadingeka ukuba zibhekane nabo isitha sakhe, futhi Ivan Red neze courted enkazimulweni lempi yena.

Grand Duke

Ngo 1353 eMoscow, ukuthi umqedazwe zezinhlupho amangalelwe eziningi izimpilo. Yehlelwa ke noSimeyoni umndeni Proud. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ungumfowabo omncane Ivan Red ngokuzumayo wazithola atholwe isihloko of Grand Duke. Wayeqiniseka ngokugcwele ungakakulungeli lokhu, ngoba wayengakwazi elawula ngempumelelo.

Zidlamlilo ngalesi sikhathi isimo akazange angenele. Ngaleso sikhathi, nje wafa Khan Uzbek, ngakho ababusi zazishintsha ngokushesha kangangokuthi babengenamduduzi futhi isikhathi noma amandla ukungena zebhizinisi ababusi Russian. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ambalwa wayefuna ukubona Ivan njengombusi wabo. izikhulu Specific njalo sakara ukuvimbela amandla Ivan 2. Noma kunjalo, bonke namaqhinga abo abaphumelelanga.

Inkathi

Ivan Red 2 bahlale amandla iminyaka 6 kuphela ubudala. Ngokwezazi-mlando, kwaba omele azikubheki zazo zonke izikhulu bohlobo lwe-Kalitichey owake matasa sobukhosi. Cishe, Ivan 2 futhi wayazi ayenakho isinyathelo esiwujuqu sokuhlukana nawo ukuqhubeka inqubomgomo bezingelwa uyise umfowabo omdala, kodwa akakwazanga ukwenza lutho.

Ukuba buthaka kwezindlela-Grand Duke ukuvela cishe ngokushesha. Kuqalwe ukuhlaselwa amaningi emhlabathini waso. Prince Ryazanskiy bakwazi wasithatha Lopasnya ngokufanele phakathi eMoscow Serpukhov. NaseLithuania, saholela amabutho kuya Mozhaisk futhi eziphoqelelwe Kiev yakhe Metropolitan. Novgorod ku zidlamlilo waqala uyihlupha ngokumelene Ivan 2 nendawo yakhe prochit protege - Suzdal Prince uConstantine. Futhi phezulu konke, Knights yemibango yangaphakathi kwaqala ngo eMoscow uqobo, futhi kwakukhona umlilo.

Zonke lezi zimo ayikwazanga nganoma iyiphi indlela neqhaza ekuqiniseni amandla Ivan 2. Kungenzeka, wayengeke akwazi ukubamba izintambo kwamandla ezandleni zabo, njengoba ubuthakathaka ngalezo zinsuku yayiyivelakancane, uma hhayi izici ezimbili. Okokuqala - usekelo lwe boyars eMoscow, ababengakholelwa ufuna ukuyeka amalungelo abo, kwesibili - esontweni.

Umlando uyazi izibonelo eziningi lapho ubuntu ezibuthakathaka umbusi liphuma ovelele ngaphezulu. Kulokhu, kwakuyizwi ke inhloko yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox, okuyinto ine ingqondo esingavamile, amakhono emangalisayo zokubonisana kanye intando eqinile, Metropolitan Alexy. Kwakungenxa ukusekela kwakhe Ivan 2 Red wakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo sokuba Grand UMbusi eMoscow kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1359.

Imiphumela

Izazi-mlando eziningi zivame ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi wokubusa Ivan Red akangayiletha eMoscow neRussia lutho kodwa impumuzo umthelela yayo phezu ubukhulu engumakhelwane. Okufanela kuphela le nkosana kubhekwe ngokujoyina Kostroma futhi Dmitrov amazwe eMoscow. Wabuye waziwa ngokuba uyise ka Dmitry Donskoy - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu Russian, owanqoba e Battle of Kulikov.