Neolithic - Neolithic kuyinto ...

Uyini Neolithic? Leli gama lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki "Neos" (new) kanye "lithos" (itshe). Ososayensi eside lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi inkathi entsha ekuthuthukiseni lesintu. Ngamafuphi, Neolithic - New Stone Age, okusho esigabeni sokugcina we Stone Age. Futhi iyaziwa abenezikhala ezintathu ukuthuthukiswa: eziyisisekelo, Lesisemkhatsini entsha. Ngamunye wabo libhekene ezinye izakhi ezikhethekile. Ngokwesayensi zalezikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi Paleolithic, Mesolithic, futhi ekugcineni le Neolithic. Ithebula umlando bakudala sibonisa izimfanelo ngamunye.

Adume IsiZulu umvubukuli yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye Lubbock ngokuthi ukuphikiswa Neolithic Palaeolithic - kwenye inkathi Stone Age. Sici Its isici kuba phambi phansi futhi sokuprakthiza amathuluzi.

Lapho isikhathi Neolithic?

Usuku ezithile ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi awukwazi igama, ngoba ezinye izitshalo bangena kuyo ngaphambili, kuyilapho abanye - kamuva. Izizwe lokuqala abenze ngithuthuke wafinyelela isigaba esisha izenzakalo ezingokomlando, kwakukhona abantu abahlala ensimini ka eMpumalanga Ephakathi amatalenta 9.5. BC. Kuyinto kusukela kulesi sikhathi lihlotshaniswa yenguquko ukusuka appropriating isiko uhlobo (ukuzingela ukuhlangana) ekukhiqizeni ukudla (nemfuyo, ukulima kanye nezolimo). Ngo emlandweni wesintu Neolithic kubhekwa ephawulekayo ikhanda isiqalo kuqhathaniswa Mesolithic futhi Paleolithic. Ekuhloleni izimfanelo ngamunye nezikhathi yesaziso Stone Age kanjani izinto eziningi ezintsha kwenzeka esikhathini lwesithathu nolokugcina. Nokho, ngaphezu kokusungulwa amathuluzi zamatshe, iningi ngekhono futhi masterfully esenziwe ngesikhathi esinikeziwe, isintu engakaze. Kafushane, inkathi Neolithic uphela nini ukuba esikhundleni ngamathuluzi ukuza metal. Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba wazi, woza nethusi, nensimbi kanye nezinye eminyaka. Nokho, kuze kube manje emhlabeni kukhona izizwe (zakwa-American futhi abakhileyo eziqhingini Oceania), okuyinto okwamanje basukile Neolithic kuya seSimbi. Futhi uma sicabanga ukuthi ke singasho ukuthi le nkathi ayikahlanganiswa ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe esintwini sisonke. Kafushane, akekho seSimbi noma Neolithic - ukuthi akusi iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo nezikhathi. Kepha sakithi, lapha, lokhu sigaba saqala emhlabeni yesihlanu yeminyaka BC futhi waqhubeka kwaze kwaba yesithathu, okungukuthi eminyakeni lengu 2,000 ubudala.

Yini eyanika abantu Neolithic?

Yebo, izinto eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuluzi iyizinto eyenziwe ngetshe, kodwa babengenazo bakudala njengasezinsukwini Paleolithic kanye Mesolithic. ophucuziwe yabo, okwenza emaphethelweni bushelelezi futhi libukhali, babhola izimbobo njengoba kudingeka (lokugaya bakudala). abantu Neolithic uyabandakanyeka ukwelukwa futhi khiqiza ingubo lula futhi umgubuzelo, labo ababehlala eduze imifula kanye namachibi, wahlanganyela ukubamba izinhlanzi kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga amadamu. Ngokwehla kwesibalo sezinhlanzi, kanye inyama, ekhishwa ekuzingeleni, kanye amantongomane, izithelo kanye izimpande ezahlukene wavumela abantu bakudala isikhashana ukuze uhlale endaweni eyodwa, okungukuthi, ukuba kuphenduke abayimizulane ixazululwe. Futhi lokhu, saholela kokwakhiwa emadolobheni lokuqala elincane bese emadolobheni. Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni ukuvela zobumba nezitsha zobumba. Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa ubumba njengendlela material womshini izitsha kanye nezinye izinto eziye zenziwa ekuhlelweni eMpumalanga Ephakathi, emizaneni uJarmo, Çatalhöyük futhi Hacılar. Kodwa eMpumalanga Ekude ayesekhulile isiko Jomon. Izakhamuzi endaweni akuzona kuphela waqala ukwenza bese usebenzisa zobumba, kodwa futhi waletha izinhlobonhlobo engadini nemifino izitshalo. Njengoba ingxenye European sezizwe zakwa Neolithic yayikhona kusaqalwa nje eGreece.

Umuzi endala kakhulu emhlabeni, yaqala inkathi Neolithic

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukwakhiwa kwemizi yokuqala uqalile ngesikhathi okusha Stone Age. I owayemdala kunabo bonke kwaba iJeriko. Kwathi ekupheleni Mesolithic futhi ekuqaleni Neolithic. Lo muzi ubizwa eyakhelwe ebhange yoMfula iJordani, endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi Palestine. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa imizi lokuqala focus ubelokhu nezivikelo lokuvimbezela. Futhi uthi ngalezo zikhathi phakathi amadolobha izimpi ezazilwela. Ngenxa yalokho, ibutho njalo, okuyinto zihlukaniswa izikhulu zempi kuye kwamiswa. Ngamafuphi, Neolithic - ziyinkathi lapho impucuko yokuqala abazalwanga kanye ezinkulu ezinabantu - edolobheni-inqaba.

I Neolithic revolution

Ngempela, kwenzekani ngale nkathi emlandweni, kuye ngokuthi ukuvukela uMbuso. Okokuqala, kungenxa aphuma bayatheza emnothweni elikhiqizayo, ukuvela zobumba (okokuqala ngasekuqaleni kuka isiko Japanese), ukuvela emadolobheni, ukwakheka bayibutho professional, wahlanganyela ukudoba kanye nezolimo, nabanye.

isigaba Neolithic

Ososayensi ukuhlukanisa izinkathi ezintathu yentuthuko kule nkathi: ekuqaleni, maphakathi kanye sekwephuzile. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, udinga kukhombe ensimini ngasekuqaleni Ephakathi futhi eMpumalanga Ekude, e-European okuyingxenye - Greece. Phakathi zobumba Neolithic ukuthuthukiswa eMpumalanga Yurophu e China. Okwesithathu, esigabeni yokugcina - ngasekupheleni Neolithic. A Kugcwele kwentuthuko idolobha eliqhele endaweni China yesimanje.

Izici zokuphila ngenkathi "Stone Age"

Inguquko ukuze ukuphila umzimba kuye kwaholela yokuthi abantu baqala ukwakha imizi namandla futhi esimeme ngaphezulu. With ukuthuthukiswa zobumba kanye zobumba ukuze kwakhiwe imizi yabo bakudala ekuqaleni abantu eseqala ukuveza amabhlogo nobumba. Lezi zindlu zazakhiwe eduze komunye nomunye. baqala ukuvela Ngakho tribal gwamanda. Eduze isiphetho waqala yokulima izwe ukuze abe supply yokudla. Kwathi ukufuywa kwamakamela uhlobo oluthile izilwane, okuyinto eye kwaholela ekwakhekeni wezinkomo zizalela. Enye legatsha emnothweni kazwelonke, nesuka futhi kwathuthukiswa kwaze kwaba inkathi Neolithic - wezandla. Ngoba abakhileyo imizana esanda nucleated, okuyinto kamuva yaphenduka edolobheni, kwakudingeka ukuba womshini imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene: izimpahla housewares, .. imininingwane nezingubo, ifenisha bakudala, imigexo, njll By endleleni, isici esibalulekile isikhathi Neolithic kuyinto ukuvela ukwelukwa. Yiqiniso, lokhu akwenzekanga ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kwalokho, abantu baye bafunda ukuba sifake obhasikidi kanye amanetha okudoba.

lokushintshisana

Esimweni ngasinye kulezi izizwe zakwa wema ababazi owayemazi esikhundleni sakhe sokuba ukukhiqizwa ezinye izinto eziqondile. Okungukuthi, zazibhekwa njengochwepheshe besayensi of izikebhe zabo futhi baqala ukulungiselela lezi zinto hhayi kuphela kwamasosha akubo, kodwa futhi ngokuphathelene nezizwe ezingomakhelwane. kwavela Ngakho nomqondo ngempahla.

Flint - izinhlobo ezinkulu itshe esikhathini Neolithic

Lolu hlobo lwabantu kwalesi sikhathi zomlando, misela ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuqoqa phezu kwezigodi emfuleni futhi ukukhiqizwa ezimayini, ukuthi kwase kuqala i-yezimayini. Flint Usebenze ukudala amathuluzi umsebenzi ngezindlela eziningana: .. Retouched, Upholstery bemave lamabili, chips, njll Kamuva amakhosi abizwa bethuthukisa izinqubo ezintsha, okungukuthi, Milling, ukugaya nokuhlanganisa sawing. Ngalezi amasu, armourers aqale ukwenza izikhali zonke ezisika nhlangothi zombili. Ngakho i-handpieces esetshenziswa ithambo. Imimese sihlanganise ngethambo nezenziwe Flint imininingwane. Okunye izinto emenza engu Neolithic - engu-amathuluzi amasha itshe - kukhona izimbazo, amashizolo, nezembe, ishizolo, njll Njengoba sekunama-abantu ngembazo sakwazi ukwakha izikebhe, izihlenge, izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni, njll ....

art

abantu Neolithic futhi nethonya kwezobuciko. Izithombe ezithathwe ngale nkathi, bekulokhu umsebenzi womuntu engqondo uphaphame. Ukuze bemidwebo yobuciko imidwebo ingathiwa ezinikele incazelo impi. Rock Umdwebo ukhuluma ngezenzakalo ezenzeka ngaleyo nkathi. Ethile ethakazelisa ngokukhethekile kukhona imidwebo ezitholakala ensimini ka Norway yesimanje. Lapho abantu nezilwane, isithombe eyayivela ebonisa ukuthi ukucabanga abstract. Ezinye izinto ziboniswa ifomu ngamajamo weJiyomethri, okungukuthi, kusho lezi zinto, kodwa akazange awadlulisele ncamashi.

isiphetho

Neolithic - okusha Stone Age, enkathini yokugcina ngaphambi abantu baklama amathuluzi insimbi Stone Age kuya Bronze zihlangene.