Ngobani Madoda nabakhulu?

Ngalezo zinsuku, lapho izikhulu wabusa Rus, ukuvela kwezakhi nelungelo - izikhulu kanye boyars 'izigodi - kuyinqubo engokwemvelo. Ekuqaleni, abameleli babo babe ikakhulukazi zamasosha. Common kokubili amakilasi kwaba ukuthi awase kwesiyingi labo kunazo omethembayo isikhulu, eyayingamsiza ancike. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyaqonda ngubani nabakhulu, nokuthi ihluke kanjani kusukela boyars.

ukuvela ekilasini

uyasinda Isekelwe kusuka idatha esidlule kungase kusikisele ukuthi isigaba nucleation boyar ewela 9 ekhulwini phezulu. Ngakusasa eminyaka eziyisithupha, onesikhundla okuholela emphakathini amakhosi asendulo.

Umlando "Laurentian indaba" livela eside ezifana 'izikhulu'. Okubizwa ngokuthi birch namagxolo, yakhiwa cishe 12-13 cc., Ingabe unikezwa incazelo eningiliziwe ngubani lezi namanenekazi.

Ngobani laba bantu?

Njengoba yethula ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 kwaba khona umthetho: isikhulu wathatha isinqumo, okwathi ngo imvelo yakhe uyakwazi ukugqoka isihloko zokuhlonipha of "Nkosi". lucky isikhulu okunjalo kungenza ukuphathisa ukuphathwa yebutho lakhe. Boyar futhi banikezwe ithuba lokuhlanganyela bachithe izwe, okuyinto laba impahla, ngefa, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, impi indondo Prince.

Kuye isikhundla matasa futhi ithonya boyars zahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili:

• ocebile kakhulu - boyars abaphezulu;
• ngaphansi kahle - abameleli squads omncane.

Eyokuqala enikeziwe ngokwabo nge ibutho elincane - amaqhawe kuka ngokuvamile bayahlukunyezwa, ukuncintisana nomunye ngisho nesikhulu. Izicukuthwane Iningi esiphakeme uhlale Duma. Isikhulu waphoqeleka ukuba ulalele umbono wabo osindayo, lapho umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ezweni noma umbango. Prince wayezazisa boyars nabakhulu, kodwa njalo abaxabene.

Izicukuthwane abasebasha futhi Knights izingane ziya aqokwe Prince ku ezikhundleni ezehlukene ezibalulekile: Falconer, umkhwenyana, umphathisikhwama, umphathi, inceku, njll Phakathi ezithola amaholo - "Udla e" ...

Igama elithi "umnumzana" Kusobala uhlobene inkonzo enkantolo kwesikhulu, okuyinto ukwenza zonke izinhlobo oda ezempi, ingxenye yezimali noma kwezomnotho. Lokhu omele kwesokudla uhlupho squads junior. Njengoba umvuzo isevisi nesithi ukuba nesibindi athembekile phakathi lokulwa wohlanga olukhulu Uthole isiqephu sendawo abalimi. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15 isihloko yizicukuthwane iba ifa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo anikezelwe ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye wadlulela izindlalifa. Ngobani nabakhulu, ukutadisha esikoleni esiphakeme.

izindlu Lordly yokushona isikhundla evelele ekhulwini le-17. Ukuqala le nqubo babe izinguquko kaPetru I. Kunalokho, nabakhulu banikwa amalungelo ngenxa Manifesto kaPetru III noCatherine ukufunda nokubhala, ngokulandelana, ngo 1762 futhi 1785, ngokulandelana.

izici zayo of the boyars nabakhulu

Izikhulu kwekhulu le-17, kufanele esikhundleni esikhethekile njengoba kwenza isigaba boyars ilahlekelwa isikhundla salo. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, kuyafaneleka umehluko kusuka izicukuthwane le boyars:

1. Boyars akhiwa amakhosi amakhulu amakhosi asendulo. Bona ephethwe bezwe bekumele ngofuzo. Ezicukuthwaneni owakhonza isikhulu noma Boyar eziphezulu ngaphambi kwekhulu le-14 yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ezinjalo.
2. Uma likaJehova ukuba sikhethe ukukhonza Prince wohlanga olukhulu kwakuxhomeke intando yomnikazi.
3. boyars isikhathi eside wadlala indima ebalulekile ezindabeni zomphakathi, kuyilapho izicukuthwane ithuba eze wokukhushulwa Petra Velikogo.

Kusukela sihloko, okufundile ngubani nabakhulu, futhi yini isikhundla athatha phakathi nokubusa izikhulu namakhosi.