I emfushane impi emhlabeni. War-Anglo-Zanzibar: izimbangela kanye nemiphumela

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Afrika kuya ogwini lwe-Indian Ocean lwamakhosi ibusa sultanate of Oman. Leli dolobha lake lachuma izwe elincane ngezithukuthuku ukuhweba asebenzayo izinyo lendlovu, izinongo nezigqila. Ukuze uqinisekise ungaphazanyiswa emakethe, kwakudingekile ukuba ubambisane kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Ngokomlando, eNgilandi, wambambezela ngaphambili esikhaleni ulwandle futhi ikoloni Afrika, waqala zinethonya elinamandla ku inqubomgomo njalo Sultanate of Oman. Ngesiqondiso inxusa laseBrithani Zanzibar Sultanate of Oman ahlukaniswa kanye ukuzimela, nakuba ngokomthetho isimo wayengekho ngaphansi protectorate British. Lutho neze yaleli zwe elincane ezishiwo Amakhasi kweencwadi, uma kwenzeka insimu yayo empini is akangenanga emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando njengoba impi emfushane emhlabeni.

Isimo sezombusazwe ngaphambi kwempi

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili inhlabathi ocebile Afrika waqala ukubonisa isithakazelo esibukhali emazweni ahlukahlukene. EJalimane, futhi, akuyona inyumbazana wathenga umhlaba eMpumalanga Afrika. Kodwa wayedinga indlela yokungena olwandle. Ngakho-ke, amaJalimane wangena isivumelwano ingxenye ezisogwini Sultanate eZanzibar nombusi Hamad bin Thuwaini eZanzibar. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kombusi engafuni ukulahlekelwa futhi indawo British. Lapho izithakazelo eBrithani naseJalimane waqala aphambana, kombusi zamanje ufe ngokuzuma. izindlalifa Direct anakho, ilungelo lakhe kwesihlalo sobukhosi, wathi umzala wakhe Khalid Ibn Bargash.

Ngokushesha ihlelwe umbuso wathatha isihloko Sultan. Ijubane nokuxhumana yezenzo, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa bonke imicikilisho ezidingekayo kanye nokunyakaza, kanye nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo engaziwa kubangela Hamad bin Thuwaini eZanzibar unika ngezizathu ukuphetha ngokuthi njengoba sekube nesicelo mzamo yimpumelelo ku Sultan. Khalid Ibn Bargash nesekelo elinikelwa eJalimane. Kodwa hhayi imithetho UK zinjalo kalula ulahlekelwe indawo. Ngisho noma ngokusemthethweni abazange anabo futhi. inxusa laseBrithani waphoqelela Khalid Ibn Bargash iwuyeke esivuna Hamouda bin Muhammad - omunye umzala kombusi oshonile. Nokho, nokuzethemba nokuxhaswa eJalimane, Khalid Ibn Bargash benqaba ukwenza kanjalo.

ultimatum

Hamad bin Thuwaini eZanzibar washona ngo-August ka-25. Kakade ngo-August 26 ngaphandle amacala ukubambezeleka unomphela, i-British yafuna ushintsho Sultan. Britain is hhayi nje enqabe khona ukuqaphela kombuso, wayengasalubhadi alivume ngisho. Imibandela ayebekwa ifomu ngesandla esiqinile: kuze 9 am ngosuku olulandelayo (27 Agasti) kwadingeka ukuba kwehliswe amafulegi wendiza phezu esigodlweni mbusi, disarmed ibutho ezandleni amandla kuhulumeni. Kungenjalo ngokusemthethweni ededela neMpi Anglo-eZanzibar.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngehora ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ummeleli Sultan weza ehhovisi lenxusa British. Wacela ukuba kube nomhlangano Ambassador Basil Umgede. I inxusa wenqaba ukuhlangana, ethi uma nje zonke izidingo UK ngeke aneliseke yanoma yimuphi izingxoxo kungaba kungabaza.

I amabutho empi amaqembu

Ngalesi sikhathi, Khalid Ibn Bargash wayevele ibutho amasosha 2800. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlome eyikhulu namashumi izigqila ezimbalwa ukuthi agade esigodlweni Sultan sika, ngaphambilini ukuze abatshele ukuthi ezimbili 12-pounder inganono futhi Gatling isibhamu (uhlobo kunalokho bakudala machine gun othini nge amasondo ezinkulu). On Zanzibar ibutho nako kuye kwaba izibhamu umshini eziningana, 2 isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla kanye isikebhe "Glasgow".

Ohlangothini British kwakukhona 900 amasosha, 150 amasosha, yempi ezintathu ezincane, esetshenziselwa ukulwa eduze nogu, futhi Cruisers ezimbili ifakwe kwaqhuma.

Eqaphela ubukhulu kwamandla umlilo isitha, Khalid Ibn Bargash wayesekhona ziqiniseke ukuthi British wayengeke alinge ukuthatha isinyathelo sezempi. Umlando alisho lutho yokuthi Sultan wayethembise nomele entsha isiJalimane, kodwa izenzo okwengeziwe abonisa ukuthi Khalid Ibn Bargash wayeqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi uzowasekela.

Outbreak izingxabano

imikhumbi waseBrithani waqala ukuba luthathe lokulwa izikhundla. Bazungeza olulodwa ukuzivikela kuginqika isikebhe, buhlukaniswe ogwini. Ngesinye ibhodi at ibanga ukushaya ilitshe kwaba yacht, ngakolunye - Isigodlo Sultan sika. Iwashi is kuboniswe ngophawu imizuzu yokugcina ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe. Ngezinye ncamashi 9 ekuseni uqale, empini emfushane emhlabeni. Gunners Oqeqeshiwe wadubula phansi kalula Zanzibar isibhamu futhi waqhubeka bombardment methodical lwesigodlo.

Ephendula 'Glasgow "esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi a impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu British. Kodwa izikebhe lula babengenalo ithuba kule ngxabano lezi izibhamu ogcwele mastodon lempi. I volley bokuqala abathunyelwa khona umkhumbi oya ezansi. Zanzibaris Washesha wehlisa ifulege yakhe futhi amatilosi British baphuthuma zokuhlenga eyolanda abaphikisi babo ezineshwa, ukuwalondoloza ezithile zokufa.

umaluju

Kodwa esigodlweni ifulege Flagpole kusenzeka. Ngenxa ephansi kwaba akekho kwesokunxele. Ungalindi ukusekela Sultan wamshiya phakathi kuqala. Ibutho lakhe self-ezenziwe wayebuye intshiseko ikakhulukazi ekunqobeni Wawungekho umahluko. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi amagobolondo kuqhume emikhunjini mowed phansi abantu abafana isivuno sesivuthiwe. Ashisiwe izakhiwo lokhuni lanqoba yonke indawo uvalo okukhulu. Umlilo ngeke kumisiwe.

Ngokusho imithetho impi, wavusa amasignali ifulege ukwenqaba lacela umaluju. Ngakho-ke, cishe wabhubhisa emhlabathini we Sultan Palace aqhubeka uthele umlilo. Ekugcineni omunye amagobolondo lawela ngqo ifulegi isigxobo bayiphonsa. Ngawo lowo mzuzu, Admiral Rawlings ngaphambilini ukuba kuphele umlilo.

Kanjani impi eyathatha phakathi Zanzibar naseBrithani

I Salvo lokuqala senziwe 9 ekuseni. UNongorwana sekubekwe kwakuzwakala at 9:38. Ngemva kwalokho, amasosha British ngokushesha matasa amanxiwa esigodlo, ngaphandle kokuhlangana iyiphi ukumelana. Ngakho, empini emfushane emhlabeni okwathatha imizuzu engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili kuphela. Kepha kusukela kulolu akubi emnene kakhulu. Ngo ezimbalwa nje amashumi imizuzu, kwashona abantu abangu-570. Wonke amaqembu Zanzibar. Iphoyisa gunboat "Blackbird" walinyazwa amadoda phakathi British. Futhi phakathi nalo mkhankaso iDemo Zanzibar sultanate elahlekile zonke izimoto zawo ezincane, ehlanganisa isikebhe esisodwa futhi izikebhe ezimbili.

Insindiso ahlaza Sultan

Khalid Ibn Bargash ababaleka ekuqaleni ubutha, uye bathola isiphephelo embassy-German. ngokushesha Sultan entsha wakhipha umyalelo ukuboshwa kwakhe, futhi amasosha aseBrithani baye Ukusetha iwashi komsebenzi eduze kwesango ehhovisi lenxusa. kudlule ngenyanga. AmaNgisi wayengahlosile ukuhoxisa lokuvimbezela yayo yasekuqaleni. Futhi amaJalimane kwadingeka iphendukele iqhinga ngobuqili ukuthatha indoda yakhe aphume ezweni.

Nge "Orlan" kufika ku-port yanoma Zanzibar impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German wakhumula isikebhe, futhi amatilosi emahlombe bemletha lenxusa. Kukhona isikebhe ukubeka Khalid Ibn Bargash ngendlela efanayo wamthumela ebhodini, "Orlan". Ngo umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wawufuna ukuba isikebhe, kanye umkhumbi, indawo kucatshangelwe ngokomthetho yezwe lapho umkhumbi fanele.

Imiphumela empini

Umphumela impi, 1896, phakathi England nase Zanzibar kwakungeyona nje ukuhlulwa okungakaze kubonwe yokugcina, kodwa cishe elingenalo ngisho nakancane ukuzimela ukuthi sultanate ngaphambilini. Ngakho, empini emfushane emhlabeni uye waba nemiphumela efinyelela kude kangaka. protege British Hamoud bin Muhammad kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe besprikoslovno nayo yonke imiyalo inxusa laseBrithani, futhi nje baziphathe futhi owamlandela phezu letako eziyisikhombisa.