Ngubani Lenin? Angazi - isono!

"Ngubani Lenin?" - lo mbuzo esizukulwaneni esisha okuhlaselayo ucela ezingasho kaningi. Ukubuya zokungabi nabulungisa emphakathini ibonakala kuyinsakavukela. Kodwa labo abaye baphila eziyimiyalo izimfundiso Lenin, wazi ukuthi lena akuyona into evamile. Kunoma ikuphi, imisebenzi yakhe asatholakala, ngisho nezokusigcoba kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando waleli zwe ukwazi kubalulekile. Futhi mayelana nokuthi ubani Lenin, umholi futhi. Siphila iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa izwe ephila ngokuvumelana ekufundiseni kwakhe - kunzima kakhulu ingxenye enkulu yokuphila isimo. Nge ukuhlula okukhulu. Enokholo kusasa. Ake bathemba ukuthi uVladimir Lenin, uyaphila.

ebuntwaneni

UVladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) ngimntwana wesine umqondisi izikole zomphakathi emzini Simbirsk Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov. Umndeni yayingeve inobungane, ngoba umama lokumiselwe yena nezingane. Kakhulu wopiyano onekhono, kahle kahle ukufunda - lapho ebona ukuthi ukuletha izingane. Futhi ngempela kuba isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke phambi kwamehlo abo: ungalokothi waphakamisa izwi lakhe, abe lukhuni, kodwa owesifazane uhlobo ezithandayo, kungalingani, kodwa okwaziyo ukuqonda ingane yakho futhi ukungena ngokujulile ngempela ngaleso simo. Bonke abafowethu nodadewethu ezinhlanu baye baba Abavukeli Lenin. Inkosazana, u-Alexander, ebulawa ngoba kokubulawa Tsar Alexander III. UVladimir Ilyich njalo wafunda kahle. Simbirsk esikoleni wathola iziqu nge uzothatha indondo yegolide futhi langena University of Kazan. Ukuze ukusebenza umfundi izibhelu waxoshwa futhi badingiselwa emaphandleni Kokushkino.

wamavukelambuso

Ngo-1888, uVladimir Ilyich Lenin waba wamavukelambuso okhokhelwayo. Ucwaningo "Capital" of Marx nemibhalo Engels ', Plekhanov, Kautsky, wamsiza baqonde yonke eziphakeme, nezinzulu wezomnotho kwezombangazwe nefilosofi iminyaka emine. Watadisha ngokucophelela izimo zomnotho e-Russia nase isikhundla sabasebenzi abantukazana. Ngo parallel, uLenin yayilungiselela kudlule Luhlolo zangaphandle Petersburg University, futhi kwase kudlule nabo nommeli idiploma umsizi. umkhuba Legal Nokho, cishe ngeke ezihilelekile njengoba omunye emigomweni kunqunywa wonke yezifiso zakhe. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ukuba abasebancane kakhulu, wamangaza nozakwethu eziningi kangaka zikamoba kanye izinga yolwazi kanye irreconcilability yezinkolelo zabo.

Ubani Lenin

Ngisho imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala zefilosofi babe ekhaliphile. Ngo-1894 kwafika umsebenzi ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Uyini Abangane of the People ...", osuvele ngokucacile kakhulu wazilandela ngokunembile zonke indlela isigaba sabasebenzi ngokusebenzisa inguquko ngoba inkululeko nokuchuma ngokumelene tsarism kanye ne-capitalism kanye nezimboni. Lenin baqhubeka umsebenzi Marx no Engels, Umshicilelo self-ukwakha nokwenza kwabo efundisa. Ngo-1897, wathunyelwa ekudingisweni Shushenskoye (Krasnoyarsk Territory). Lapha wazikhandla kumabhuku yakhe (kuhlanganise "Ukuthuthuka Kwendlela capitalism Russia"). Ngo nokuphila kwangasese, futhi, beza ushintsho: washada Nadezhda Krupskaya, eyachitha konke ukuphila kwayo bekulokhu nomsizi wakhe wokuqala futhi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngoba zonke izindaba izinguquko. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-Shushenskoye Lenin wasungula indlela sokuhlanganisa zonke nezinhlaka ezigqugquzela ushintsho ezweni. Lokhu kusho iphephandaba "Iskra" kwaba kamuva.

umholi weqembu

Ngo-1903 u-Lenin wabhala nomthelela ukubiza ekuqaleni we Congress wesibili Ama-Social Democratic Labour Party. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Social Democrats abanalo umbuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani Lenin. Imisebenzi yakhe hhayi kabanzi kuphela wafunda, kodwa futhi wathatha nakubasekeli bawo nabaphikisi. Lapho, eLondon, yatholakala wabathola ngaphezulu Shushenskoe party waqhekeka waba amaBolshevik futhi Mensheviks. Ngakho Bolshevism wathatha ijamo njengenhlangano enhlangano yezombusazwe ezimele. Zonke Eminyakeni eyalandela, uLenin basebenza ngokuzikhandla ophilayo semilegally ke ekhaya, khona-ke phesheya. Esikhathini esiningi wayehumusha ekutadisheni kabusha zabasebenzi, ukushicilela ephephandabeni "Era okusha", olwenziwa umsebenzi wamavukelambuso zemfundo. Inguquko wokuqala Russian ngesihluku ukuyiveza. Lenin wembula zonke izizathu inhloso kanye subjective ngokwehluleka. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-1908 kuya 1911, kube nzima kakhulu.

Usosayensi nephayona

Ngo-1911 waqala umsebenzi walo party esikoleni ngoba abasebenzi, lapho Lenin ozongitshela phezu theory kanye umkhuba inqubomgomo party. Ngemva inkomfa Petersburg kwakukhona "Pravda" iphephandaba. Kulapho izingqimba okubanzi labantu Russia wafunda ngokuthi ubani Lenin, kulokho akubiza ngokuthi, futhi ahluke ngayiphi indlela kuzoholela isigaba sabasebenzi ukuba ukunqoba inguquko. Lenin iqondiswe ukushicilelwa ezivela kwamanye amazwe, wabhala indaba for wakhe nsuku zonke, okuyinto usize ukuletha icala abasebenzi kakhulu eqokomisa izikhundla. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wabingelelwa abantu akuzona ngomdlandla. Lenin wanxusa amaqembu alwayo ukuze ujike izikhali zabo ngokumelene tsarism olunegazi kanye ne-capitalism. Ngo-1915, it kwaboniswa ukuthi kungenzeka ukunqoba lokwakuvamile kwelinye izwe. I Februwari wobunxiwankulu inguquko ka 1917 kwabangelwa Lenin abavela kwamanye amazwe e-Petrograd. Yena usuhlele "iqiniso", echaza KwamaBolshevik iziqubulo namakholi for a revolution ukuthi kungaba izikhathi eziningi namandla kunomFilisti Februwari. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakilasi, ukwethula izinkulumo emakamu lamasosha, ezitolo umsebenzi. Isibalo basekela uhulumeni omusha yavuleka. I-oda eyakhishwa ukuboshwa Lenin. Umsebenzi waqhubeka in the komhlaba.

revolution inhlangano

Okthoba 25, 1917 Sekwenzekile! umnikelo kukaLenin inguquko ezinkulukazi ngempela. He qamba isifundiso Party njengoba umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi emzabalazweni ubushiqela kwakuyizwi mandla angahlulwa yilutho ka onxiwankulu nazo zonke zako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLenin kwaba umsunguli futhi umholi we isiqondiso entsha yefilosofi umqondo kaMarx. Umthamo imisebenzi ebhalwe kuye omkhulu, amavolumu amahlanu nanhlanu lososayensi imibhalo. Futhi ukubaluleka engenakulinganiswa equkethwe kuwo.