Izingxenye ezisemqoka computer. kudivayisi PC

Lokho nawe mfundi othandekayo, ukwazi kwikhompyutha yakho? Yiqiniso, ukuphelela nokujula yempendulo yakho kuyoncika ezintweni eziningi. Abanye benu yezimo abhekene baphendukele nolwazi olukha phezulu yezifundo zezikole, etholwe izifundo computer science. Futhi akunakwenzeka isilinganiso ukucabanga umsebenzisi mayelana nalokho okuseza Ngibambeni ayisivikelo iyunithi uhlelo. Njengomthetho, ulwazi emizi esekelwe ukuqonda kwethu okubonakalayo lodaba: yensimbi noma plastic ibhokisi, ukwengamela, ikhibhodi negundane. Futhi kuwufanele ukuvumelana, njengoba umnqopho umbono onjalo ephawula ngempela indinganiso PC hardware ngokuvamile. Nokho, izingxenye computer - ke aluyona ukubonakala elula elilinganiselwe iyunithi uhlelo kanti ezinye izitho zomzimba elixhunywe kuso okuphathelene nomngcele. Ukufunda zithembiso ukuba ethakazelisayo, futhi isihloko impahla iyophinde kube yekucala ilukuluku lakho.

The main izingxenye kukhompyutha: yokuthi ebona le nkosikazi

Ngingakujabulela ungakuthandi, kodwa ngaphandle amagama ikhompyutha, simane nje ukukwenza. Ngakho kulungele ukuhlangabezana amanye amagama ezikhethekile. Phela, kubalulekile ukulondoloza wena esikhathini esizayo. Manje uqhubeke ngqo umbono othakazelisayo futhi ucabangele njengoba okokufaka uhlu ukucushwa eziyisisekelo PC umile.

• System iyunithi - kunjalo lapho ukugxusha zekhompyutha.
• Gada - isibonisi kudivayisi ingcaca kanye uhlamvu ulwazi.
• Keyboard - ikhibhodi ukulawula ikhompyutha oshumayela idatha input bese imiyalo.
• Mouse - manipulator manual, oguqula ukunyakaza mechanical ibe isignali control.

izici Bezakhiwe amadivayisi Computing

Lezi zingxenye computer kukhona izakhi ebalulekile ideskithophu ukulungiswa. Aphathekayo, amaphilisi, kanye aphathwayo Isobho electronic ezihlobana uhlobo Computing ephathekayo. Amadivayisi anjalo abe izindlu ezihlangene. Zonke eziyisisekelo izingxenye hardware ehlangana kudivayisi olulodwa, lapho kufinyelelwa futhi esiphezulu kudivayisi usizo. Inzuzo elingenakuphikwa laptops kuyinto ukuzimela tekusebenta futhi eguquguqukayo ukusetshenziswa. Kunenye ngohlobo lomshini ikhompyutha - monoblock. Lolu hlobo idivayisi Computing - isiphambano phakathi ideskithophu izinhlelo ephathekayo. Lathathwa miniature laptop hardware umile "okunamathiselwe" lephakeme uma sebangena emsebentini PC bendabuko balulaze lolu hlobo ubuchwepheshe in the ahlukene isethulo uhlobo kumadivayisi Computing.

Izingxenye iyunithi uhlelo lwekhompyutha

Ngaphakathi Ikesi lokuvikela kukhona izingxenye uhlelo , okwagcina ukumiswa hardware we-PC. The main izingxenye computer ubhekwa le umbadlana iyunithi, njengoba lokhu isici uhlobo umgogodla uhlelo electronic, okuyinto, ngaphezu izingxenye saziso - CPU kanye RAM Amabha - ezengeziwe ukunwetshwa amamojuli ingafakwa. A ekhethekile indawo ohlelweni iyunithi enikezwa ulwazi isitoreji sedivayisi - hard disk. izingxenye ezifana computer, njengoba uhlelo ukupholisa futhi ugesi, nazo zitholakala ngaphakathi chassis PC. Nokho, Isobho ephathekayo ukuthola amandla kusuka wamandla wangaphandle kudivayisi supply. Ngokuvamile, i-computer siqu ifakwe i drive optical yedatha eKufundza neKubhala. The main esibonakalayo iphaneli exoshwa.

Okubalulekile izingxenye computer: processor - "inhliziyo" we-PC

Lokhu chip wenza umsebenzi isikhungo idatha. Non-CPU computer nje ngeke zisebenze. amandla CPU libhekene imvamisa iwashi, okuyinto ulinganiswa MHz. Nokho, incike inkomba oyinhloko ezingeni CPU ukusebenza ubuchwepheshe isicelo. Lapho ukusebenza multi-threaded (operation kwezicelo noma ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa esetshenziswa) ube ngokuphelele inzuzo CPU, kokuba izakhiwo multi-core zezakhiwo. Le ngxenye yomsebenzi ikhompyutha - wokugaya - siqukethe nucleus futhi ezihambisana ingxenye zayo: Ukuze I / O ibhasi ibhasi le-imeyili. Speed processing idatha phakathi wathi izingxenye sivezwe kula CPU kancane. Ayanda ukubaluleka wathi, aba maningi bandwidth we-CPU ibhasi.

RAM: umelekeleli-ijubane CPU

Le ngxenye oluyingozi kohlelo, okuyinto uhlobo umlamuleli phakathi processor central kanye idrayivu kanzima. Nokho, ukukhulumisana kungathatha indawo ngqo phakathi CPU kanye RAM computer. RAM module ezifakelwe ekhethekile ebhange-slot umbadlana. RAM ivolumu, okuyinto kukalwa amayunithi idatha (MB), kanye nomthamo ibhasi kudivayisi uhlelo, ijubane OS nasekuthengeni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana inkumbulo ezifana namuhla:

• ifomu Obsolete memory - SIMM futhi DIMM.
• Izinhlobo ezivamile RAM - DDR, DDR2, DDR3.
• Kunohlobo olusha RAM - DDR4.

Njengoba ungase ucabange, imibuso eyakha lo ikhompyutha kumelwe kuvumelane akekho ejwayelekile olulodwa. Ngokuthenga uhlelo ezengeziwe inkumbulo module, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi uhlobo inkumbulo uhlobo kusekelwa umbadlana yakho.

idiski Hard: 'nensimbi' Memory

Ngokungafani RAM lirekhodiwe HDD, idatha zingagcinwa isikhathi eside. Sebenza idrayivu kanzima isekelwe esimisweni zokushintsha kazibuthe eduze ikhanda ukurekhoda. Ukuhamba yalolu hlobo yidivayisi mechanical, nekusebenta okuyinto incike izici zayo esingokwemvelo:

• umthamo Okuzisholo - nenani idatha zingagcinwa in HDD.
• okungahleliwe ukufinyelela isikhathi - enze operation ukuma ngesikhathi ongumashiqela isikhala ingxenye.
• central Uthi lokuphotha Speed - Ayephila inombolo linemibhikisho ngomzuzu.
• Buffer usayizi - inkumbulo Lesisemkhatsini, ebalwa e MB.
• Izinga idatha - ikhono idivayisi lokucabanga ethile Imininingwane ngomzuzwana. Zaba ukufinyelela ezilandelanayo othile (okubhekisela emhlabathini we-zone yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi) wesabelo disk ye-computer siqu.

Thuthukisa PC yakho, compact Computing devaysa futhi imishini inkonzo ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa Kusachutjekwa ukusebenza uhlelo lokusebenza. Futhi muva nje uvele isimo ngemoto okuqinile kanye ngangokunokwenzeka ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ijubane iyiphi ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Nokho, inani elincane isikhala ngesikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu SSD-unit price kubasebenzisi abaningi uzagxamuza-ke ngobumnene, isixazululo kungamukeleki.

Isiqophi: a lendaba

Yiziphi izingxenye computer obhekene ihluzo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ulula. Okokuqala - lokhu okungukuthi ividiyo ikhadi, bese - CPU, nangemva - RAM PC. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ihluzo amakhadi leyehlukene nekuhlanganisa. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sihlole kabanzi mayelana ezinye lolu hlobo imishini.

Afakwa umbadlana ihluzo chip

Ngokuvamile, ama-computer ephansi intengo isigaba anemisila isiqophi ehlangene. Njengoba wazi, ukusebenza ekhethekile yalezi chips esingenayo. Nokho, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi ehhovisi, ukubuka impahla multimedia ngisho hhayi ukusebenzisa amageyimu izicelo isisetshenziswa khudlwana le ndlela kwamukelekile. Qaphela: esakhelwe ngaphakathi chipset isiqophi ikhadi ayikwazi ngokwenyama kubhekwe isici ehlukile isethi.

Leyehlukene Graphics Ikhadi Uhlobo

Namuhla-ke iyindlela ebukhali kakhulu ukwandisa ihluzo amakhono PC. Lokhu ihluzo mojuli ufakwa ekhethekile PCI-ukunwetshwa slot we umbadlana. Through the Isixhumi esibonakalayo, etholakala ekhadini isiqophi futhi ibekwe ngaphandle chassis, uxhuma qapha. Imemori isiqophi kanye namandla amasondo alo, futhi ukuvama nucleus, ukuthungwa kanye pixel elingu yokugcwalisa izinga kuyizinto nemingcele avelele ihluzo ukusebenza sinika PC isesekeli. Manje, uma cela othile: "Bala izingxenye ikhompyutha," kufanele uqaphele ukuthi a ngokuqhubekayo ihluzo ikhadi njengoba kuqhathaniswa edidiyelwe ihluzo chip - kuba ehlukile isethulo mojuli.

PC Ukucushwa: obusebenzayo ukunwetshwa kanye sesimanje

Uma ozifundile noma iyavuselelwa ngaphambi ulwazi okungukuthi ngaphakathi PC uhlelo iyunithi, let sika touch on umbuzo lokho okungukuthi kokuthuthukisa kanye nendlela okusebenza ngayo isihloko sihloko ukuzithoba.

Ngakho, izingxenye ezengeziwe computer - akusiyo kuphela kumadivayisi neuropathy: amaphrinta, ama-scanner amakhamera sewebhu, nokunye E., Ixhunyiwe kunoma isixhumi esibonakalayo noma ixhunywe ngobuchwepheshe obungenawaya be-PC, kodwa futhi abanye izingxenye uhlelo, ababiziweyo. isizinda. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzisi angakwazi njalo ukwengeza izinsiza zokusebenza kukhompyutha yakho ngokufaka khulula ebhange-slot umbadlana ezengeziwe RAM amamojuli. abadlala Avid bavame kumakhompyutha abo amabili isiqophi ikhadi enamandla. amakhono lomsindo kungenziwa kakhulu enwetshiwe ngokuxhuma ikhadi fancy umsindo. Network kanye DVB-ikhadi, abafundi ahlukahlukene ne-TV-tuners, kanye eziningi nezinye izinto zokusebenza - konke babe izakhi yesikhathi sesimanje, okungukuthi, thuthukisa PC yakho. I nemikhawuko nje indiza ngokwezifiso fantasy bangase babe owanele umbadlana manufacturability.

Ngaphambi kokuba ngiphethe

Manje ngeke sekwephuzile uma ucelwa: ". Bala izingxenye ikhompyutha" Noma kunjalo, i-ukuphelela ulwazi mayelana PC kudivayisi okunye kuka ukuqonda. Phela, in the izigaba odlule kukhulunywa ngawo kancane senziwa amakhono okuxhumana computer. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umbadlana PC ifakwe esibonakalayo nezixhumi ezihlukahlukene, phakathi okuyizo main:

• PS / 2 - uxhumano mouse kanye ikhibhodi.
• USB - port jikelele yokuxhuma kumadivayisi neuropathy.
• VGA - isixhumi ngokuba qapha.
• RJ45 - yokuxhuma isixhumi samandla.

Kuze kube manje, yesimanje Computing imishini ifakwe ezihlukahlukene amamojuli engenantambo. PC Onjiniyela bhunga izakhiwo ezintsha zokuxhumana. Abakhiqizi ebafundisa izolo kwabonakala fabulous ubuchwepheshe izinguquko. Electronics ngokushesha nokwandisa imingcele ithonya labo. Nokho, inqubo ukucabanga uyohlale kumelwe ibe isisekelo sokukholelwa imishini computer. Ngenxa yokuthi indlela umuntu acabanga ngayo, akukho muntu futhi akukho lutho emhlabeni abakwazi ukucabanga.

isiphetho sendaba lobuchwepheshe

Ngokukhulu ukuzethemba ungacabanga ukuthi manje ukuthi yini ukubiza computer. Nokho, ulwazi - kuphela iconsi olwandle kolwazi zesifundo ethintekile, ngoba ukukutshela mayelana idivayisi kwikhompyutha ngokuvamile - ukusho lutho! Ngakho-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuba sibonise ilukuluku futhi ukuya daba ukutadisha kudivayisi ikhompyutha. Qiniseka ulwazi olunjalo luyoba nizenzele acebile kakhulu. Phela, ikusasa computer!