Emisebeni yangemuva Norma: lokho kuncike nokuthi ayeqi

Ezweni lanamuhla isebenzisa imihlola eziningi zemvelo okufinyelela imigomo zasebukhosini. Mina yayiphumula nemisebe eyingozi. Ngaphandle kube nzima ukuletha uphethwe ezanele futhi ukuhlola ubuqotho izingxenye. Kodwa lokhu kuholela kweqiniso lokuthi izinga emisebeni zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala noma umsebenzi. Nsuku zonke abantu uthole umthamo ngemisebe. Lapho kubalulekile ukuba sithathe izinyathelo kunganciphisa imiphumela emibi emzimbeni?

Imininingwane kawonkewonke ngezinga lemisebe

Ngaphambi sikhuluma ngalokho izinga emisebeni zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo ngoba abantu kwamukelekile, kubalulekile ukubhekana le mfundiso. Ezicashile zonke, umbono we-radioactivity. Siqukethe e iqiniso lokuthi nuclei zama-athomu ezithile ukuntengantenga esingokwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angesabi iba yingxenye yomhlabathi, futhi lokhu edonsa ionizing emisebeni, ie ngemisebe. Lakhiwa izinhlobo eziningana izinhlayiya: -alpha, i-beta, gamma futhi-neutron. Ikakhulukazi iyingozi iyona gamma-radiation, has a amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. X-ray efana gamma rays, kodwa has a amandla amancane. Elikhulu kunawo wonke umthombo engokwemvelo ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni enjalo - ilanga. Kodwa kumane nje kuyingxenye yomthwalo emisebeni yabo bonke, kuyini kuyinsakavukela emisebeni zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo.

Izingxenye foniruyuschego ngemisebe

It yakhiwa izakhi yemvelo kanye eyenziwe. Ukuchayeka emisebeni yemvelo ikhiqizwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• imisebe cosmic;
• ezifakwa ngaphansi komhlaba radionuclides, nazo zishiswe bephethe izinto zokwakha zemvelo, okuyinto kamuva akha indlu;
• izinto ezifanayo enemisebe, kodwa abahlakazekile amanzi kanye nomoya;
• kanye nemikhiqizo ukudla;
• potassium-40 futhi rubidium-87, okuyinto emzimbeni womuntu zihlale khona futhi awukwazi ukuhlukana nabo.

radioactivity Natural njalo futhi yonke indawo. Lena akuyona ngaphandle kodwa umthetho. Iyahluka kuya kuphela nemithetho emisebeni yangemuva for endaweni ngayinye ethize.

Eyayenziwe okwandisa ngemuva emisebeni yizenzo zabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, izimayini, nokushiswa, isicelo kukamanyolo phosphate. Hhayi umnikelo ezincane ewela ukuhlola izikhali zenuzi, izitshalo amandla enuzi kanye izindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angabona enganciphisa ukutheleleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Lena zonke izinhlobo zezingozi kanye nokulahlekelwa sisendleleni.

Inkinga iwukuthi umuntu akanayo isitho umqondo, okungase kuthathe ngemisebe. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni eziyingozi iyadingeka ukusebenzisa amadivaysi ekhethekile - dosimeters, okuyinto iyoba mayelana kokweqa emisebeni okuholela.

Amayunithi yokukala emisebeni futhi radioactivity

Lezi imiqondo ehlukene namayunithi wokumeda zihlukile. Kala ka-radioactivity - lokhu isithako esebenzayo. It is kulinganiswa ngo becquerels. Omunye Becquerel 1 athomu nokwahlukana ngomzuzwana. Ngokuvamile it is esikalini kusekelwe mass iyunithi noma ivolumu.

Ionizing emisebeni, okwenzeka lapho ukubola zama-athomu ulinganiswa roentgens. Kodwa lena Inani elikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-umkhuba uvame ukubizwa microroentgens, ukuthi siyingxenye sesigidi ngakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela incike isikhathi sokubeka izingcwecwe elangeni. Futhi ukubaluleka, okuyinto kukalwa izinga emisebeni zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo - Mr / h, okungukuthi, micro-roentgen ngehora.

Kunenye value - iyona sievert. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola umthelela umuntu. Nge lolu phiko sasibalwa umthamo okulingana. Amandla lokhu umthamo owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi sievert ngehora. Ngo izinjongo zasekhaya eyodwa sievert ilingana 100 ze-X ray.

Isibonelo amagugu irradiation ngemithamo

Zonke radiation, kuveza umzimba, eshiya umzila lemisebe futhi akasoze kwenzeke ukuba ayibulale. Ngakho, yonke imithombo yemvelo emisebeni tente umthamo ukuthi kuyahlukahluka emhlabeni ukubaluleka 3 mSv ngonyaka. Kungaba kancane kancane noma ngaphezudlwana kuncike sezwe. Kodwa libhekene esiphezulu izinga kuvunyelwe isizinda ngemisebe.

Umthamo sitholwa ngumuntu ekuphileni kwakhe, akufanele kube mSv ezingaphezu kuka-700. Ngokuvamile lesi silinganiso esondela abakhileyo izindawo ezisezintabeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu njalo sibhekene emisebeni eyengeziwe, ezifana, lapho ngihlolwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi lezi zifundo musa idlule umthamo esiphezulu.

Yini ebangela ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe emzimbeni womuntu?

Uma umthamo ibekwa amagugu ukuthi alawula izinga emisebeni zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo, abantu bamane awuboni. Ukuphila kwabo uyaqhubeka, futhi akukho nemiphumela emibi akuzona sobala. Kodwa uma umthamo kuzidlula ukubaluleka kanye ukuchayeka kwenzeka esikhathini esifushane, umbuzo ukugula ngemisebe. Kuyinto umzimba disorder, wegazi kanye nomdlavuza, zesikhumba ukusha nemisebe cataract, inkimbinkimbi inkambo ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, okuholela nenzalo.

Kushisa bhé kule ndawo Ukuvikelwa Izindlela

Ezintathu kuzo:

• ngenkathi kusukela eminyakeni ethile kamuva encishisiwe umthamo ngemisebe;
• ibanga ngoba ibanga kusuka umfutho umthombo emisebeni kuyehla;
• imfuyo ngoba ubamba gamma rays.