Paleolit- yini lokhu? Paleolithic

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - the ezintathu ezinkulu zamasiko nezomlando Stone Age. It lethiwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi izikhali ngalezo zinsuku kuphela zamatshe, kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu zaqala ukusetshenziswa ezenziwe ngethambo nezenziwe ngokhuni. Stone Age eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Kodwa ngisho namanje, sibonga okwatholwa umlando nemivubukulo eziningi, singafunda okungenani amaphuzu ayinhloko ukuphila kwabantu bakudala ekuqaleni impucuko womuntu.

Uyini Paleolithic?

Umlando endala isintu - iyona Inkathi Paleolithic, inkathi ende kunazo zonke Stone Age, elaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2.5 million edlule. Sici Its main - kuyinto ukuvela abantu kusukela isilwane kuya bakudala uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela. Kubalulekile kakhulu futhi ukubukeka okunenjongo futhi zokukhuluma. I Paleolithic uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ekuqaleni, maphakathi kanye sekwephuzile.

ekuseni Paleolithic

Lena esigabeni sokuqala futhi ezinde kunazo zonke. Qala Paleolithic elihlobene ne ukwethulwa yokuqala kwenkawu-man - archanthropines. Abanaso ukukhula okusezingeni eliphezulu (1.5 - 1.8 m) kwadingeka amashiya isici abahlukene futhi ebohla kwesilevu. Njengoba izingubo esetshenziswa isilwane izikhumba, ukuhlala emigedeni futhi ngokubona ososayensi abaningi, ngenkuthalo wayekwenza ubuzimu. Isici esiyinhloko ekuqaleni Paleolithic kungukuqala ukusetshenziswa ngamathuluzi self-ezenziwe. Babedalelwene ukusika kusuka itshe omunye komunye zonke oda ngokweqile ukwakha elidlula noma igawula by. Kancane kancane yokukhiqiza zobuchwepheshe, futhi kwakukhona amashizolo nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi sokuprakthiza - amathuluzi ngazo bemba izimpande noma bagawula izihlahla. Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ekuseni Paleolithic ukusetshenziswa umlilo. Iminonjana lasendulo ebasa engu-1.5 million. Iminyaka kuye kwatholakala terrritorii Afrika nase-Asia. Kodwa ngalesi sigaba of umuntu lasendulo ubengase ukugcina umlilo, wedwa ke ayikahlanganiswa misela.

Ephakathi Palaeolithic

Ngaleso sikhathi, umbono linqoba namanje Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba kanye kwemvelo yayo uyaqhubeka. . E-Afrika, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 200-300 edlule, uhlobo olusha, okuyinto ivolumu ubuchopho wayesondelene umuntu wanamuhla - a Neanderthal. Bakhandwa zihlukaniswa ukukhula ephakeme kanye Imizimba enamandla kakhulu kwemisipha, okuyinto wabanika amandla eside ngokomzimba. Ephakathi Palaeolithic - lena inkathi okusinda, njengoba AmaNeanderthal wahlala, mhlawumbe, izimo ezinzima kakhulu zezulu - ku Ubudala Ice.

Kwakungisiza asinde kuleso zabantu ziye zafunda uthole umlilo yabo, ngokwezindlu isibhakela. Lalivulwe, okungenzeka kakhulu ngengozi enkulu ekwakhekeni omunye amathuluzi insengetsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona imikhonto lokuqala nemimese, arrowheads futhi scrapers ngoba kucutshungulwa izikhumba zezilwane. Athuthukisiwe senhlalo, abantu bahlala ngamaqembu amakhulu, ukunakekela asebekhulile. Okuphambili art ngesimo migede imidwebo esibonisa ukuzingela noma ngokuvamile kakhulu abesifazane, okungaba kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele izimo matriarchal.

ngasekupheleni Paleolithic

Lena inkathi lapho kwakukhona umuntu efana yesimanje - Cro-magnon, wawuqamba yokudumisa Cro-magnon emhumeni, esathola isidumbu sakhe. Cro-magnon phenotype sifana abantu yesimanje: ebunzini okusezingeni eliphezulu, kwesilevu evelele, imisipha ezincane, ukuthuthuka kwemizwa yezandla ezasiza ukukhiqiza izikhali ethuthukile okuzingela futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Indaba esemqoka namanje - itshe. Phakathi Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic (Early) uvele usesimweni lokuqala izikebhe. Lokhu kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe nomkhiqizi lokuqala izihlenga noma izingodo izinduku ezomile. Yenziwe amathambo inaliti, le sikakhokho zanamuhla, sendlala wona izingubo, obhasikidi Welukwa willow Amahlumela. Ayenziwa art bakudala: sibalo eyangaba namathambo omkhulukazi, kule migede imidwebo. Paleolithic esigabeni ngasekupheleni kwakhe kwaphawula ukuqala ukufuywa kwamakamela izilwane zasendle, kuqala, njengoba sazi, izinja babé. Cro-Magnons isikhathi kunqunywa amakhalenda kwelanga nokwenyanga. umphakathi lwasekuqaleni kancane kancane indawo matriarchal clan umphakathi. Ukukhiqizwa ubumba izibalo zokuqala ephawula paleolith. I Neolithic kuphawulwa ukubukeka zobumba kuqala.

Mesolithic

Lokhu okuqinisekile elisukela ekupheleni zokugcina ice age. Le ngxenye ososayensi nezazi-mlando has a imvelo womuntu ongabazisayo. Lubonakaliswa kakhulu kunazo enyakatho banamuhla Europe. Phakathi nale nkathi sathuthuka isikhali, khothama umcibisholo yavela. Abantu ezifuywayo nezilwane zasendle, inyathi, amahhashi, futhi izinkomo. Umphakathi ivela futhi kukhona imithetho yokuqala imithetho yokuziphatha. Mesolithic libhekene ukuqhubeka kwenkulumo.

Neolithic

Uma Paleolithic - inkathi ukuzingela asebenzayo, ukudoba nokubuthanela, esinye sezenzakalo eziyinhloko we Neolithic - kwathatha umnotho esikhiqiza: ezolimo kanye nemfuyo. Abantu baye ngaphezulu enamathiselwe endaweni eyodwa, baqala ukuvela imizi yokuqala, maqhugwane ngisho emadolobheni. Clay yasetshenziselwa womshini glassware nezobuciko.

Neolithic kanye Paleolithic sehlukaniswe ekuqaleni, maphakathi kanye sekwephuzile nezikhathi. Futhi ngamunye benza Ukuboshelwa noma ngesikhathi sinye siyafanana, namasiko ehlukene angene esigabeni ngasinye ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa ophakeme ayengawunikela ukuziqhayisa, isibonelo, indawo yakwa-China yesimanje.

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - kuyingqopha-mlando kwemvelo njengoba oluthile lwento ephilayo. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka yena uwine kusuka imvelo endaweni yayo ngaphansi kwelanga. Olunye uhlobo esikhundleni abanye, amathuluzi ethuthukisiwe, uhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezaziphila ngokufuya, okuyinto sici for the izilwane, ukuze imiphakathi bakudala wayezelwe art.