Cue, iSikhulu Kiev: Biography futhi ubufakazi obungokomlando

Prince Kyi - umsunguli edume kwedolobha Kiev, okuyinto phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ibe maphakathi Old isimo Russian. Njengoba for ngokoqobo lo muntu ohamba eziningi mpikiswano: ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa wakhe ngokuphelele ziyaphawuleka, abanye bethi nganekwane angase abe ngaphansi kokusekelwa izenzakalo bomhlaba wangempela. Ngakho owayenguyise Prince Kyi? Biography, izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwakhe, kanye nencazelo yabo iyoba ekhulunywe yethu.

Ubufakazi "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka"

Umthombo wokuqala, okuyinto okufanele ezishiwo ekufuneni iqiniso, futhi owayengumphathi umsunguli Kiev Prince Kyi, umlando "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka".

Ngokusho idatha umlando, bazalwane Kyi, Isihlathi futhi iHorebe, nodadewabo Lybid nezimfunda zakhona ezinhle ingeyamakhosi isizwe. Izihlathi wahlala phezu kwentaba, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i ku Schekovitsey esizayo futhi iHorebe - entabeni, ngokuthi Horivitsy. Yokudumisa emfuleni, okuyinto agelezela Dnieper River Lybid wawubizwa ngokuthi. Abazalwane abathathu nodade wasungula idolobha, okuyinto okuthiwa ngingowokuqala kubo waqanjwa Kiev.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umlobi wezenzakalo unikeza esinye version ekusungulweni edolobheni, owawuthi uyakubona - hhayi isikhulu, kodwa isithwali elula yonkana Dnieper. Ngakho-ke, le ndawo yaziwa ngokuthi "ukuthuthwa Kiev." Esikhathini esizayo, igama wanamathela futhi isekelwe kulezi zindawo emzini. Kodwa umlobi wezenzakalo wayehlile waphikisa kule nguqulo, ethi Kyi wavakashela waseConstantinople (inhlokodolobha WaseByzantium, waseConstantinople) kanye yatholwa Umbusi yenethiwekhi elula ukwenza kanjalo wahluleka, ngakho kusobala ukuthi - Prince.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando uthi, uya emuva, Prince Kyi lelakhiwe lomfula iDanube idolobha elincane, eye wakhetha ukuhlala phansi. Kodwa bendawo abathandanga njengabafokazi, kanjalo labo kwadingeka abuyele osogwini olusenyakatho lakhe lokuzalwa Dnieper eKiev. Noma kunjalo, eDanube kwesokunxele isiphetho, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i Kievets. Cue, abafowabo nodadewabo wafa afike wasungula khona iSikhungo emzini Kiev.

Kuyinto lokhu nganekwane Prince Kiều iyona onegunya kunabo.

Inguqulo Novgorod Chronicle

Novgorod Chronicle iwukuqhutshwa "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Noma kunjalo, likubeka ngokucacile ukuthi uyakubona akuyona akukho isikhulu, okungukuthi yenethiwekhi. Kukhona futhi ezixoxwa ukuthi wayengumuntu fisher kwezilwane.

Lokhu indaba uyobopha othile umsebenzi Kiya isikhathi - ngonyaka 854. Kodwa izazi-mlando eziningi zazo zikholelwa ukuthi uma waba khona, wahlala ngisemncane kakhulu. Phela, kuvela ukuthi iminyaka engu-28 nje kamuva Kiev ashaqe umbusi Novgorod Oleg. Prince Kyi kwaba ukusungula Kiev kungakapheli ngasekupheleni kwekhulu VIII. Ngakho, kunoma yiliphi icala, owaziwa mlando Soviet Mihail Nikolaevich Tihomirov.

indaba isiPolish Yana Dlugosha

Uyakubona lokhu kukhulunywa ngaye hhayi kuphela encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla wendawo, kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe wemithombo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ngako ku-Polish Chronicle we xv ekhulwini Yana Dlugosha. Nokho, Dlugosz, kokukhuluma Kiều wathembela ngokuyinhloko kuwo wonke zemihla ngemihla efanayo Russian, sakhuluma ngokuthi ngenhla, ngakho ukuthi isigijimi salo yesibili.

Ngakho kanjani uvezwa umlando uyakubona? Prince okukhulunywa kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi amadlozi abizwa lwamakhosi, futhi iye yakhipha ekhatsi Kiev kwaze kwaba yilapho abazalwane Askold futhi Dir. Kodwa "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka," lithi zadalwa uMdali akulona inzalo Kyi futhi amaViking. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zemihla ngemihla Arab kanti ezinye izazi-mlando zanamuhla ngokuvamile ezazingabaza, ukuthi Askold futhi Dir Ungahlela ngesikhathi esifanayo, uwabheka ukuba ubaba nendodana, noma ukhetha ukungabuthinti nhlobo bahlobene abantu.

incazelo Armenia

Ngo-Armenia, kukhona legend ukuthi siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni hhayi kuphela nesigijimi "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", kodwa ngisho usebenza anamagama afanayo. Weza kithi ngokusebenzisa "Umlando Taron 'Zenobia Gluck (cishe VI-VIII leminyaka.). Le nganekwane kusitshela abafowethu ababili, ngubani baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke emizini yabo e-Armenia. Inkosi yendawo ekuqaleni bekhalaza futhi wanikela amazwe, kodwa iminyaka engu-15 kwabulawa, futhi impahla wabanika amadodana - Kuar, Meltem futhi Horeanu. Ngamunye abazalwane wasungula umuzi wawuqamba ngokuthi ke ngegama lakhe siqu. Phakathi imizana bona wasungula ithempeli lamaqaba.

Amagama kwabazalwane Kuar Horean lula ukuqagela Kyi futhi iHorebe. igama wedolobha liyefana Kuar Kiev. Kodwa kuthiwani Melteem? Iqiniso lokuthi igama lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Armenia njengoba "zinyoka." Ukuhumusha kusukela igama isiSlavonic Esidala has izihlathi.

Kodwa ubuhlobo phakathi legends Armenia futhi Slavic? Kukhona inguqulo wokuthi bahlanganyela nganekwane wasendulo Indo-European. Futhi-ke kuphakamisa ukuthi lezi zizwe ezimbili sebemukele ke kusukela amaSkithe.

idatha bemivubukulo

kanjani lezi idatha iqhathaniswa ezinganekwaneni idatha real impahla etholwe ngenxa abavubukuli? Phela, kuphela yetinsita kuqinisekiswa nemivubukulo, ongabeka itleyimu ngokomlando.

Nokho, kunobufakazi bemivubukulo eveza khona settlement esizeni Kiev wesimanjemanje V ngasekupheleni kwekhulu BC. e. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1982, kunemibandela ngokusemthethweni kugujwa iminyaka engu-1500 kusukela ekusungulweni kwezwe Kiev. Lapho kubekwa isiphetho kuba emngceleni ngesikhathi esifanayo lo ezintathu amasiko bemivubukulo: kolochinskoy Penkovsky nePrague-korchakskoy. Wonke amaqembu amathathu kwamasiko, ososayensi abaningi bathi izizwe Slavic. Ngisho nangaphambili, kusukela II V leminyaka esizeni Ngokuzayo capital Ukraine Kiev isiko sasikhona. Kuyinto umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla ngqo ka kolochinskaya isiko kuchaziwe ngenhla, futhi eyandulela - Zarubintsy.

Kodwa abavubukuli baye bathola kuphela izinsalela evamile Slavic isiphetho V leminyaka. Akukho lapho agcwele elisedolobheni elinabantu unomphela ke kwakungeyona. It is kuphela kusukela ekhulwini VIII, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi endaweni Kiev kwakukhona umuzi agcwele enezinqaba kanye ne yokuphila ezisemadolobheni, yebo, kuyalungiswa nobudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusukela VIII ku X leminyaka, kule ndawo, futhi isiko aphambana Volyntsevo uyakhothama raykovetskaya. Volyntsevo isiko kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa izizwe lenqaba northerners ababengenabani maphakathi Chernigov. Luka-raykovetskaya isiko owalandela korchak isiko, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe zonke izizwe zakwa-amasimu ukuthi empeleni wasungula Kyïv, ngokuvumelana theory yamukelwe izazi-mlando eziningi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abameleli Volyntsevo limane lifakwe isiko bomakhelwane babo uma uya entshonalanga.

Ngo-1908, lo mvubukuli abadumile Hvoyka V. ku Old Kiev Hill eziyinkimbinkimbi kwatholakala, okuyinto wabachazela njengoba i-altare lobuqaba Prince Kyi. Tentatively lokhu okutholakele sihlehlela emuva VIII-X eminyaka. Nokho, okwatholakala kamuva Chvojka ngenjongo ukwakhiwa ezinye izazi ziye wangabaza.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa iqiniso e imithombo WaseByzantium

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, in "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", eConstantinople kwaba uyakubona. INkosana yatholwa umbusi WaseByzantium. Ngakho-ke, uma-ke akuyona kokusungulwa umlobi wezenzakalo noma nje legend, leli qiniso kungaba Unehhuku elihle, ukuthola ukuthi ngubani kwaba uyakubona futhi ngasiphi isikhathi ayephila kuso.

Ezinye izazi-mlando medieval uzamile ngisho ukuxhumanisa umcimbi isigijimi WaseByzantium Nikifor Grigoriev, owaphila XIII-XIV eminyaka. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngesikhathi kubusa uMbusi waseRoma Konstantina Velikogo ekhulwini IV, beza kuye eConstantinople ababusi emazweni ahlukahlukene. "UMbusi Waleli Russia 'nayo okuthiwa phakathi kwabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhulumisana Ephakathi beqonda ngempela sina. Kokunye yezindaba zemihla ngemihla ngekhulu XVIII ngesisekelo ni lobu bufakazi, WaseByzantium, ecacisiwe base unyaka ekhatsi Kiev - 334 ngemva kokufa kukaKristu.

Kodwa ngokucophelela indlela ubufakazi Nikifor Grigoriev akazange ame kuze kube kokuhlolisisa. Phakathi nokubusa Konstantina Velikogo Russia kusaba kabakubonanga, lwamaSlav bahlakazekela izizwe, hhayi ukufana kuhlanganiswe ngisho e-United. Ngokokuqala ngqá igama elithi "Russia" yavela ukubonwa ngekhulu IX, okungukuthi, iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sehlakalo akukhulunywa ngabo, futhi, Nikifor Gregory iminyaka 1000 ngemva kwezenzakalo ezichazwe wahlala. Ingabe kungenzeka agcizelele ubukhulu Konstantina Velikogo, wabhala lo mlayezo ku embassy ukuze ufaka igama uthi Nikifor yesimanje.

Umbono onengqondo kuyinto umzamo ukuze uxhumanise umsunguli Kiev ibhodi isikhathi uJustinian I. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwakukhona umuntu, okungase lokubonisa okuhlobene. Prince uhambo eConstantinople. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa nomkhankaso wempi, okuyinto evame wenza ngesikhathi we Slavic Union Antes. Omunye wabo, Chilbudius kwaba ngisho esimisiwe umbusi umbusi wesifundazwe yaseThrace. Abanye ososayensi yesimanje zama ukufanisa Chilbudius futhi Kiya. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kule "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" ibonisa ukuthi uyakubona "Ngizizwa ngihlonipheke kakhulu wathola esivela enkosini." Igama elithi "udumo" njengoba sithola ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso isevisi ohloselwe lwamaSlav lasendulo. Ngakho lokubonisa Yayibizwa ukukhonza nge uJustinian njengoba federates noma ubambe ehhovisi ibutho WaseByzantium, njengoba kwenza Chilbudius. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo WaseByzantium unikezwa igama likayise Chilbudius - Samvatas. Lokhu kwaba omunye amagama Kiev.

Chilbudius sezomlando wabulawa 533 empini nge sezizwe zakwa Slavic.

Enye inguqulo lihlobanisa Kiya nge umholi we baseBulgaria Kubera, owayehlala engxenyeni yokuqala ka-VII leminyaka.

Khazar version

Kukhona umbono wokuthi lokubonisa - Kiev Prince - kwadingeka Khazar noma Magyar imvelaphi. Le nguqulo ezihlongozwayo mlando lokuqala owaziwa Vernadskiy G. V. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Kiev yasungulwa kuqhathaniswa ngasekupheleni, kwadlula iminyaka 830. Kwathi lapho emdeni amandla Khazar bayoqhubeka Dnieper. Ngokusho kwale nguqulo Kyi, Isihlathi futhi iHorebe uyabanda Khazars, noma kuzo izinhloko zezizwe zabantwana Magyar e inkonzo Khazars.

Igama elithi "lokubonisa" Vernadsky sivela izwi Turkish lokho kusho emfuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMbusi waseByzantium Konstantin Bagryanorodny ubiza Samvatas Kiev, futhi, ngokusho izazi zezilimi, endaweni yegama has a umsuka Khazar.

Inkathi

Ngakho lapho ehlala lokubonisa-Prince? Iminyaka wokubusa ngempela ukubiza noma ubani. Ngisho engu lapho sibusa, uma kwaba Eqinisweni nzima kakhulu ukubiza. Kodwa kungenzeka zisho ezinye nesikhathi esishiwo.

Ngokusho ubufakazi ahlukahlukene nekuhumusha Kyi wahlala sesigabeni kusukela IV ukuze IX leminyaka. Nokho, uma nizozenqaba ngokwedlulele kunazo futhi singenakwenzeka, isibonelo, ubufakazi Nikifora Grigora, sithola isikhawu kusuka VI ukuze VIII leminyaka.

iziphetho ososayensi

Izazi eziningi zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi singobani Kia ngokuphelele edume. Igama lakhe abakuchaza njengoba eponym. Yileyo legend mayelana Kiy, ngokocwaningo zezemfundo, thina beveza ukuze anikeze incazelo igama ledolobha, umsuka zazo kwaba ukhohliwe.

Kodwa namanje angifuni ukukholelwa incazelo yisicefe futhi banal enjalo, ngoba legend Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu.

Cue e isiko yesimanje

Okwamanje McDermott kubhekwa ongumvikeli inhloko-dolobha ye-Ukraine. Isikhumbuzo ukuze abasunguli Kiev Kyi, esihlathini, iHorebe futhi Lybid yasungulwa ngo 1982 ukuze sigubha iminyaka 1500th ekusungulweni edolobheni.

incwadi "Prince Kyi" yalotshwa 1980. Labhalwa umbhali Ukraine uVladimir Malik.

Kiy: Umlando kanye legend

Esikhathini elandisayo yale Prince Kiều kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa indaba wangempela nganekwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu umbusi Akukaze kube khona.

Noma kunjalo, Kiev base idolobha uyohlale siyohlala sixhumene ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi lokubonisa - Prince, ogama lakhe waba legend.