Lethusi Ubudala: ngohlaka kwezenzakalo. Izinto ezenziwa abantu nasenkathini zethusi

periodization zomlando ikhomba izigaba eziningana ekuthuthukiseni yomuntu nomphakathi wesintu. Muva nje, izazi-mlando, ososayensi baye baveza nokuthi yobudala stone yobudala zethusi kuza enye ngemva kwenye. Kodwa akunjalo kudala kwatholakala ukuthi kukhona igebe isikhathi phakathi kwabo kokuthi ngumuphi liye labizwa ngokuthi i-"yobudala zethusi". Yayiyini ushintsho ukubukwa mlando mayelana ushintsho kancane kancane lwesintu kusukela Stone Age kuya Bronze? Yini zihlukaniswa ngalesi sikhathi kusukela abanye futhi iziphi izici esivela kule nkathi lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu? Konke lokhu, funda ku.

Uhlaka nesikhathi Ubudala yethusi

yobudala Copper-itshe, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Chalcolithic, zivela e-BC VI kwekhulu futhi yathatha cishe 2000 iminyaka. Uhlaka isikhathi lesi sikhathi kwadingeka libe nencazelo ehluke kuncike esifundeni: empumalanga e-United States, waqala kancane ngaphambili kakhulu eYurophu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwazana lokuqala ngethusi indoda bakudala baqala cishe 3000 eminyakeni ngaphambi nokuqala kwenkathi embuzweni. Kwathi Insimu East lasendulo. Ekuqaleni kuthathwe okuyigugu itshe elithambile, amenable kuya ngaphezulu rock kanzima, okungukuthi, UKWAKHA abandayo. Kwaba ngemva kwamakhulu amaningi eminyaka kusukela indoda usefunde ancibilike yethusi usakaze izinto zakhe eziningi ewusizo: izinaliti, imihlobiso, spearheads futhi arrowheads.

ukuqhubeka metal kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi ezifana nobudala zethusi zethusi lapho umuntu abe izindlela yokukhiqiza eyaziwa nobuchwepheshe of Alloys, ogama izici zazizinhle kunalezi zethusi okumsulwa. Ngamafuphi, le nkathi ibalulekile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni zomlando lesintu nempucuko iyonke.

Kungani nokufaka "ithusi"?

I Bronze Age e-periodization ngemivubukulo kanye zomlando libhekene ekuqaleni ukusetshenziswa indoda bakudala wenza kwamathuluzi okusebenza ensimbi, okungukuthi zethusi. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni esikhundleni kancane kancane itshe futhi bone amathuluzi phezu ethambile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kulula ukuyisebenzisa izimbazo, imimese, scrapers kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthuthukiseni izindlela processing metal baye bavumela muntu ukuba enze ngisho elula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo okwengeziwe imihlobiso yasekuqaleni futhi ocacile imifanekiso. I Bronze Age kwaphawula ukuqala esiyindilinga esisha babhekane nezinga elikhulu kule umphakathi bakudala ngesisekelo kahle: ithusi ngaphezulu kwaba umuntu, isimo ephakeme emphakathini ayenakho.

I kwezomnotho umsebenzi umuntu nasenkathini zethusi

Ukuqaphela amagugu zethusi njengendlela yokuthola exchange phakathi nezizwana njengoba impahla eziyisisekelo womshini kumadivayisi amaningi iqhutshelwe phambili ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza wezandla ekuseni. It yethusi Ubudala kwaphawula ukuqala ukuvela yezandla ezifana izimayini, ukucutshungulwa metal nelesimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo elulele lomkhuba wezolimo ezikhethekile nemfuyo. ukukhiqizwa Ukubumba kule nkathi futhi atholwe izici ezintsha.

Ayenziwa phakathi nale nkathi bese ukuhweba. Ngezinye efanayo ithusi isikhathi okwami khiqiza nga it ezihlukahlukene izimpahla izizwe nawo ayengase ukuqhuba ukushintshana nomuntu ngalé nemizana yayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi ezinkulu eYurophu wathola imikhiqizo zethusi, akhiqizwa esifundeni Eduze futhi Middle East.

Ingabe Ngubufakazi Bemivubukulo uthola kusukela emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age

Isici kakhulu futhi okuphawuleka okutholakele ezihlobene Ubudala yethusi, - a statuette yowesifazane. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko yalelozwe abantu owaphila Ubudala yethusi. Inani enkulu kubo emelelwa isivuno kanye nenzalo, okuyinto nje wabonakalisa imikhiqizo efanayo. Kulesi inani elikhulu lazo it is ezenziwe ngobumba, esikhundleni sensimbi.

Painting zobumba futhi ubonisa nowesifazane emhlabeni. Ngokusho izinkolelo zabantu owayehlala engu ithusi Umhlaba wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu izingxenye ezintathu: umhlaba ngezitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu, esijwayelekile esibhakabhakeni, likhipha imisebe yelanga, futhi isibhakabhaka engenhla, egcwele imvula, ukugcwalisa imifula nokondla phansi.

imikhiqizo kwalokho endowed sacral kokuba abavubukuli imimese zenziwa zethusi noma ithambo amathiphu okumsulwa, izinaliti, nokuningi.