Ukuthuthukiswa zezimbali Kievan Rus '

Kievan Rus - isimo elikhulu ephakathi eYurophu. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka ngekhulu lesi-9 ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa sangaphakathi izizwe zakwa Slavic. Kievan Rus ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile emlandweni eMpumalanga Slavic abantu. Kuyo yonke ukuba khona isimo savela yisizwe esidala Russian, okuyinto kwaba yisisekelo yobuhlanga 3 abantu - isiRashiya, isi-Belarusian futhi Ukraine. Inyunyana zezizwe Slavic nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho, ezamasiko kanye sphere zezombusazwe. Kievan Rus wathatha indawo ehamba phambili enkundleni ngamazwe. oxhumana Vala sezisunguliwe ne Czech Republic, Georgia, Poland, France, uMbuso WaseByzantium, eNgilandi.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kievan Rus '

Phakathi nenkathi ende kwathiwa libhekene nokwehlukaniswa isimo enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu. Izikhulu ayikwazanga nivumelana ekuxazululeni izinkinga elula.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kievan Rus 'ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne izinguquko zezenkolo ezibe Prince uVladimir. Waqaphela ukuthi ubuqaba alikho izithakazelo isimo esinamandla. Ukukholelwa emandleni imvelo kwakusho nokukhulekela onkulunkulu abaningi. Futhi uVladimir unqume uhlanganyele ukubusa ngokusebenzisa ubuKristu. Ngakho, inani labantu Kievan Rus waqonda - uma kunoNkulunkulu oyedwa ezulwini, nokuthi kungaba eNgophezukonke eyodwa kuphela - Vladimir. Wamukela ukholo lobuKristu. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, cishe bonke abantu lithole ubhapathizo. Nge ukwamukelwa of Christianity, amandla phezu kwesikhulu uye waqinisa.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kievan Rus futhi baqhubeka phakathi nokubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo. Naye a lot of ukunakwa sakhokhwa eqinisa isikhundla kobuKristu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasiko nezemfundo Usufike ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Phakathi nale nkathi, ke kuhunyushwe izincwadi eziningi ezivela nesiGreki yahunyushelwa esiNgisini Russian Old. Ngo Novgorod, isikole yasungulwa, lapho abafundi engamakhulu bafunde ukufunda nokubhala. Ekhatsi Kiev, umtapo lokuqala eRussia yasungulwa ngesikhathi St Sophia Cathedral. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuhumusha incwadi, kodwa futhi ukubhala umlando.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kievan Rus 'besihambisana nesiminyaminya ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo kanye Umdwebo. Kuyinto yisibonelo esikhazimulayo St Sophia Cathedral. It has no uzakwabo e kunoma isiphi isimo. Cathedral kuyahluka okwakhe. Ngokungafani yobuciko yezakhiwo isikhathi, Kiev Sofia akuyona ekuphumeni ngaphezu komhlabathi. Umdwebo kwakungezesizwana nemidwebo ezibalulekile futhi yamatshe.

Inqubomgomo amazwe Kievan Rus

Imisebenzi esemqoka ebhekene izikhulu ubudala Russian kwakuyilawa:

- ukuvikelwa kuyo imizila yohwebo;

- umzabalazo wokulwa asemaqeleni abayimizulane;

- oluqinisayo ubuhlobo yoMbuso WaseByzantium.

Lapho ebhekene ukuhlaselwa njalo, izinsongo ezivela abayimizulane izikhulu Rus ebiyelweyo umugqa yokuzivikela. Ngakho, ngaphansi uVladimir kwamiswa imingcele elinamandla imifula emikhulu njenge Gums, Sula yezinhlamvu. Ngaphesheya ulayini sokuzivikela yakhiwa inqaba, izinqaba.

Kusukela ekhulwini 10, phakathi eByzantium futhi Kievan Rus njalo ukulwa njalo. Ngezindlela eziningi, zihlotshaniswa umzabalazo imizila yezohwebo, nokwehlisa izimali zabathengisi izuze amandla. Kuphela 1046, amazwe amabili anamandla European wangena esivumelwaneni ukuthula okokugcina, kokuvalelwa umshado Prince Yaroslav Kiev futhi indodakazi uMbusi waseByzantium Monomakh.

Izikhulu zaseRussia lasendulo

Ngokwe-theory Norman, amaSlav lasendulo kuze ngekhulu lesi-9 wahlala bezizwe ezincane ngaphandle kokulawula eyodwa. Khona-ke bacelwa ukuba bagibele izikhulu Varangian, okuyinto wabeka isisekelo sokuba ukwakheka isimo Russian lasendulo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Earth ehlaselwa abayimizulane. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye wezikhulu Varangian (Ruric) yayifile. Indawo Kiev isikhulu Oleg matasa kuwo. Ngemva kokufa Oleg lokubusa isimo kwaba Igor.

A indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni Kievan Rus kungokwalabo uVladimir. Akazange nje united wonke umhlaba, kodwa futhi waba umKristu.

Ayikho indawo engaphansi ebalulekile emlandweni isimo Russian lasendulo eyabelwe Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Lapho-ke Kievan Rus safinyelela isichume: nokuqinisa ubudlelwano bethu emazweni amaningi emhlabeni, lapho kuye kwasusa umgoqo emkhakheni kwamasiko.

Ngemva Duchy of Yaroslava Mudrogo sobukhosi lidlule uVladimir Monomakh, bese - kuya Yuriyu Dolgorukomu.

Yiqiniso, noma nini lapho umbusi Kievan Rus safinyelela emazingeni ehlukene yentuthuko, kodwa asikwazi ukusiphika yokuthi kwaba ngaphansi uVladimir futhi Yaroslav elidala isimo Russian safinyelela iqophelo ukuthuthukiswa yayo.