Zikasawoti ka carbonic acid. Ukusetshenziswa nosawoti of carbonic acid

acid Inorganic ibalulekile kakhulu amakhemikhali umkhakha. Phela, bayizithunywa impahla eluhlaza for syntheses eziningi, catalyze inqubo, ukwenza njenge-ejenti dehydrating ngoba amanzi emzimbeni nokunye.

Nokho, okuyigugu nakakhulu nosawoti wabo - imikhiqizo esikhundleni hydrogen onesigqi lichaza ekwakheni ama-molecule awo. Carbonic acid kulesi sici kuyinto ekhethekile. Phela ngokwalo cishe alikho, emoyeni ngokushesha ukubola ku -carbon dioxide futhi amanzi. Kodwa acid carbonic amafomu nosawoti ukuthi zaziwa kunendoda kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ziyakwazi ethandwa kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusebenza. Futhi ababheke.

Zikasawoti ka carbonic acid: Ukwahlukanisa

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ucacise ngokushesha ukuthi izinto kungenziwa ngokuthi ngezindlela ezahlukene. Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi bonke igama wanamathela futhi lisetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku ngokuthi ngokomlando noma okungasho lutho, futhi idatha kwi ngesilwane esifuywayo okunengqondo. Ngakho, usawoti carbonic acid, bebizwa kanje:

• carbonates;
• bicarbonates;
• carbon dioxide;
• hydrogencarbonates;
• bicarbonates.

Futhi-ke, yilowo nalowo uba igama layo inhlamba ngaphezulu, okuyinto umuntu.

Ngo amagama ngenhla ngokushesha kubonakala kanye ngezigaba zezakhi ndaba. Njengoba dibasic acid, kanye usawoti akha izinhlobo ezimbili:

• naphakathi;
• omuncu.

Ngu isibongo prefixed Hydro noma ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane. Cishe wonke usawoti i alikhali noma ane-alikhali emhlabeni metal - kuba kwakwakhe cishe ezibalulekile lapho abantu badinga kwezamabhizinisi.

History of the ukutholakala kanye nokusetshenziswa

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu eyaziwa usawoti carbonic acid. Phela, eGibhithe lasendulo, ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngosizo Gypsum, alabhaste limestone namatshe amhlophe amaningi yasetshenziswa.

Emibhalweni, uMdala uPliny inqubo ngokukhiqiza lime limestone calcination. Famous Wonder - mbhoshongo - esakhiwe usebenzisa Gypsum futhi izinto etholwe yilo. Kusukela nomlotha izitshalo wathola umanyolo futhi alisebenzisela izinzuzo ukuwasha izingubo, bese ekwenzeni insipho ukwenziwa.

Lokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yemvelo kunikeza, abantu bakwazi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nokho, uyini lo usawoti carbonic acid, banayo isakhiwo njengoba kungenziwa kuhlelwe umqondo okwenziwe futhi yiziphi ezinye izici zawo, yabe seyaziwa kamuva kakhulu, ku XVII-XVIII eminyaka.

Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi carbonates abaningi alikhali futhi ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi, ezinye zazo ukuthatha indima ebalulekile izinqubo komhlaba kwegazi.

Imali ngokwemvelo

Ngokusho iphesenti namaminerali kubhekwe hlala cishe 5% wayo yonke mass ungqimba lomhlaba. Bona akhiwa ikakhulu kusukela ngaphandle, ukwakha amatshe. Futhi eziningi zikasawoti ezakhiwe ezingaphansi kolwandle.

Ezincane, molluscs kanye nezinye izilwane kanye nezitshalo nesandla ekwakhekeni carbonates biochemically. Ngokuvamile, carbonic acid nosawoti atholakala ukubunjwa imikhando, lokuhamba nabo ngokusebenzisa kumiswa abangane.

Amaminerali eyaziwa kakhulu futhi kwamadwala lezi zakhi:

• calcite;
• dolomite;
• umcako;
• nangemabula;
• limestone;
• Gypsum;
• Magnesite;
• siderite;
• Malachite.

Izindlela ukulungiswa futhi isicelo

Usawoti of carbonic acid abizwa ngokuthi carbonates (esimweni ukuhlukahluka naphakathi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ion carbonate is ngempela kufakwe Ukwakheka yabo kabani Ifomula CO ₃ ^2-. Ukuze ugcwalise ifomu usawoti obugcwele hhayi kuphela anele seka metal futhi yenze izinkomba sibonakalisa ukwakheka ambalwa of embaxambili. Lokhu isetshenziswa izindlela laboratory ngokukhiqiza lezi izinto.

Empeleni, ngalé nje isizinda kusuka imithombo yemvelo, kungenziwa kuhlelwe umqondo carbonates nokwabelana ukusabela esikhundleni kwakwakhe. Nokho, ukubaluleka esisebenzayo izindlela ezinjalo kufanele yini, kusukela isivuno liphansi kakhulu kanye izindleko energy.

Lapho kwenziwa ukusetshenziswa nosawoti of carbonic acid, kulokho izindawo? Ukuze ngamunye wabo ngamunye, kodwa ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlonza izimboni ezinkulu eziningana.

1. ubunjiniyela.
2. umkhakha Chemical.
3. Glass.
4. Soap.
5. Synthesis ephepheni.
6. umkhakha Ukudla.
7. Ukukhiqizwa izinto zokususa amabala.
8. Calcium carbonate - umthombo metal ion emzimbeni eziphilayo.

Cabangela izibonelo ezimbalwa ngqo carbonates, ukuqanjwa kwawo nokubaluleka.

i-calcium carbonate

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, izidakamizwa - umthombo calcium ion Ca ²⁺ emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Phela, nabo basuke ehilelekile ekunakekeleni lo ukuqinisela kohlelo igazi sesikhashana kuthiwa, ayingxenye amathambo, izinzipho, nezinwele, kuqinisa izinyo koqweqwe lwawo.

Lapho i-calcium ukuntula ukuthuthukisa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise okunjalo kuyingozi njengoba ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo, izinguquko sokugembula e-lens yeso, nabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, carbonate calcium lisetshenziswa nasekuthandeni izinto ibhizinisi ukwakhiwa. Phela ezahlukeneyo zalo - kuyinto:

• umcako;
• nangemabula;
• namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe.

Imali usawoti bacebe ngokwanele ukuthi umuntu akanayo nokushoda ke. Kuvame okuthengiswa ifomu ukuhlanzwa ngefomu ithebhulethi, njengoba esithombeni esingezansi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-calcium amuncwa umzimba kahle, kudingeka khona kavithamini D.

soda

Zikasawoti ka carbonic acid - carbonates - bangabantu ezibalulekile futhi ipulazi yasekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, i-sodium carbonate, noma sodium carbonate, e ezivamile libizwa soda. Nokho, akuyona ketshezi, okuyinto kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni izitsha ezahlukene. Cha, usawoti isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa ukuze bahlanze evele yasendlini imikhiqizo: nakubhavu, nokucwila, izitsha nezinye. It is ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi soda ash noma ilondolo, isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ingilazi, insipho ukwenziwa.

Ifomula zezakhi Na ₂ CO ₃ * 10H ₂ O. Lokhu aqueous usawoti naphakathi ezibangelwa hydrate crystalline. Emvelweni, atholakala ifomu amaminerali Ukwakheka yamadwala. izibonelo:

• sobukhosi;
• nakholit;
• thermonatrite.

Ngokuvamile ivelele kusukela ulwelwe, umlotha wazo. Kuyinto le ndlela lalisetshenziswa ezikhathini zasendulo ukuze uthole impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa insipho noma umane ukugeza nelondolo. Iningi njengoba isitshalo ocebile equkethe lokhu Usawoti solyanka sodonosnaya. umlotha walo omkhulu eyamukelekayo ukukhiqiza sodium carbonate.

umanyolo

Formula usawoti carbonic acid, kokuba lelo gama, - K ₂ CO _3. Kuyinto ezimhlophe crystalline esihle powder hygroscopic. Isilinganiso usawoti anhydrous, okuyinto has a solubility ezinhle kakhulu. Le ngxube yaziwa abantu isikhathi eside, futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla. igama omqondofana:

• ye-potassium carbonate;
• umanyolo;
• umanyolo.

Izindawo ezisemqoka yokusetshenziswa zimi kanje.

1. Njengoba reagent ezinqutsheni yokukhiqiza liquid insipho.
2. Ukuze synthesis crystal kanye ingilazi optical, ingilazi refractory.
3. Ukuze nokudaya izindwangu.
4. Njengoba Umanyolo izitshalo.
5. Esikhathini ibhizinisi ukwakhiwa - ukuze kuncishiswe iphuzu okokuqandisa izigqulo.
6. Photo Art.

The main ngendlela yezimboni ukuthola lolu usawoti - electrolysis-calcium chloride. Lapho kwakhiwa le hydroxide is, okuyinto ihlangana carbon dioxide futhi yakha umanyolo. Yemvelo izinto zokusetshenziswa - kuyinto umlotha utshani kanye ulwelwe, lapho kuqukethwe kakhulu.

bicarb

Acid kwalokho nosawoti of carbonic acid akuzona ayibalulekile kunalokho isilinganiso. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, i-sodium Bicarbonate, ogama ifomula NaHCO _3. Elinye igama lakhe, eyaziwa ezingcono kubo bonke - baking soda. Ngaphandle, it is a powder emhlophe esihle okuyinto encibilikayo kakhulu emanzini. Egcekeni engazinzile lapho evuthayo, ngokushesha ubola ku-carbon dioxide, amanzi nosawoti okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa baking soda njengoba sesikhashana esimweni sangaphakathi yezinto eziphilayo.

Futhi, kukhona amasimu eziningana kwesicelo enkompolo:

• ukudla (ikakhulukazi confectionery) umkhakha;
• imithi (ukwelashwa ukusha acid);
• e zamagama kwamakhemikhali ukukhiqizwa zepulasitiki, udayi, igwebu zepulasitiki, amakhemikhali yasendlini;
• ekukhanyeni textile umkhakha (lesikhumba ukushuka futhi kokuqeda usilika izindwangu, njll);
• It is esetshenziswa ekwakheni uphuzo carbonated futhi izitsha ehlukahlukene Culinary;
• Sodium Bicarbonate likhokhelwa spray.

i-calcium carbonate

Lokhu usawoti azibukhali carbonic acid, - indima ebalulekile ukuzungeza komhlaba. Le ngxube inikeza ekwakhekeni amanzi ubulukhuni yesikhashana iphendulwa abilayo. Kulokhu Bicarbonate calcium carbonate ikhuthaza ukufuduka mass ngokwemvelo, isb umjikelezo elilandelayo. Ifomula lokhu kwakwakhe - Ca (HCO _{3) 2.}