Lycopodium clavatum: umjikelezo wokuphila, isakhiwo nokukhiqizwa

Lycopodium clavatum (Lat. Lycopodium clavatum) itholakala uphayini amahlathi okuxubile. Izacile siluhlaza amahlumela herbaceous ethwele spikes obukhulu. Kodwa lokhu akulona inflorescence, ngoba moss - ephakeme spore isitshalo futhi ungalokothi blooms. Ukuveza kanye umjikelezo wokuphila unezici ohlukile umsuka iqembu lasendulo. It has eziningi izici kanye nesakhiwo Lycopodium clavatum.

ezimbiwa phansi abahlala

Ngo le Paleozoic inkathi emahlathini horsetails treelike wona club kanye Izinhlobo asibekela expanses enkulukazi emhlabeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la maqembu eziphilayo ngoba esiphelweni okuyinto kudingeka amanzi ngefomu ukuvuza liquid, wakhala izitshalo uzivumelanisa nezimo ngaphezulu - gymnosperms futhi zezimbali. Hhayi ukusinda kule wokulwela ukuphila esihlahleni club wona - lepidodendrons futhi sigillaria, ifinyelela ukuphakama 40 mitha, kodwa bona baye kwavula amalahle ezivuzayo ezinamandla kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba .. izitshalo Wanamuhla umndeni Lycopodiaceae ezihluke ngokubukeka a izimila carboxylic aluhlaza, kodwa badla ngendlela yokuzalana kanye umjikelezo ukuthuthukiswa wawoyise lasendulo.

Kungani isitshalo okuthiwa "moss"?

Esendaweni yokuqala ukunamathela omunye izigaba e ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe Lycopodium - prothallia - ukuqala ukukhula ezinwabuzelayo oluhlaza neziqu. Azungezwe, basebancane, akukho izindlebe spore-obumba, futhi iringi central - waphila isikhathi eside ukudlula siqu sakhe. Kubonakala sengathi Lycopodium clavatum ihamba ehlathini. Lokhu kungenxa isimo sishintshashintsha njalo nokukhula amahlumela. Isici Sekuyisikhathi eside waphawula, futhi izizwe Slavic wanika "ezintantayo" igama isitshalo "moss" (esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila). umsuka Ngokuthakazelisayo kwegama lesiLatini moss bohlobo. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso izwi German "esidladleni impisi sika." Ngakho ezinsukwini ubudala lalibizwa moss eJalimane. Ekhulwini XVI izwi lahunyushelwa Latin, kwaba umphumela Licopodium. abantu abahlukile igama moss "Lycopodium", "wolfberry".

Izici moss

izitshalo Original futhi lwasendulo atholakala indawo ehlathini Northern futhi Southern Hemispheres. Induku yokuzidla Lycopodium, lapho clavatum Lycopodium, yayikhona emahlathini we Paleozoic angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-350 edlule. izimpawu eziningi zibonisa ukuthi leli qembu yaphela kancane kancane. Kodwa isakhiwo se-moss has izici inhlangano ephakeme uma eqhathaniswa moss. Can ukubazi ngesibonelo Lycopodium clavatum.

Izibonakaliso bokuqala:

• amagatsha dichotomous;
• Kuvunguza Phyllotaxy.

Izici izitshalo ephakeme Lycopodium:

• izicubu umahluko;
• herbaceous esinezimila neziqu;
• imisuka yangempela.

Isici nobuntu - mikrofiliya elihlobene ne umsuka amahlamvu ebusweni stem amaqhubu.

Isakhiwo Lycopodium clavatum

Zonke zisetshenziswa (isigaba asexual) ibukeka Hlanhlatha Fluffy kusukela iqoqo amahlamvu ezincane. Banezinhliziyo komugqa-lanceolate, siphetfo ngamunye izinwele ziyaqothuka kakhulu ezimhlophe. Lycopodium clavatum has a inkumbi mude futhi mncane sifanamsindvo. Lolu hlobo ophilayo string ifinyelela ubude kusuka 1 kuya 4 m. Kwavela inyuka ohlangothini abagijimi (50 cm) kuwo. Taproot, kukhona kuphela adventitious ukuthi isitshalo unamathele emhlabathini. Long imilenze mncane namahlamvu kwaphela kusukela stem kuholele ukuqina phezu yokuphunyuka. Lokhu spikes evundile kokuba simise cylindrical, futhi lafinyelela ubude 4 cm. Ngokuvamile eqoqwe yinoma amaqembu amabili abe imvelakancane emithathu noma emine. I sinuses zitholakala sporolistikov sporangium. Ngayinye yalezi anezikhwama encane egcwele ezinhlamvu.

Isakhiwo gametophyte

Lycopodium clavatum ezinhlamvu zisenza sibe le gametophyte, noma prothallia. Isakhiwo Lycopodium clavatum kulesigaba aliveli ku isitshalo zisetshenziswa, njengoba thina zijwayele ekuboneni. Sporophyte ifinyelela nje ngesoni esisodwa milimitha ububanzi. It zarostok - into zesikhashana sokuphila kwayo, kodwa kuyadingeka kakhulu. Uma izingxabano kukhona nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, zingabantu isikhathi eside angeke zisenza sibe ephilayo entsha. Ngokuzimela zikwazi ukuthola izakhi gametophyte ezincane bengayi, usebenzisa "amasevisi" inhlabathi isikhunta. Uma izingxabano isheshe ihlume phezu, zarostok ayevumela iba umbala okhanyayo green futhi uyakwazi ye-photosynthesis. I gametophyte ukuvuthwa izimo ngokushesha evumayo. Kwezemfundo ekhethekile zenzeka gametes ngokobulili. Female - amaqanda - esikhulu ongasanyakazi. Abesilisa - isidoda - amancane, ifakwe flagella, bese ukuhambisa ngokushesha. Mature germ cells ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Abesilisa amaseli ukuze udlulele amaqanda zidinga amaconsi amanzi. Ngesikhathi confluence gamete kokukhulelwa kwenzeka. I zygote iqala ehlukana phakathi, futhi isishiya kwamangqamuzana nezicubu we sporophyte esizayo.

Sokuphila Lycopodium clavatum

Ake umsuka wezimfundiso lesi sihlahla impikiswano ukuze esimila omdala. "Lycopodium clavatum" Yilokho esahlangabezana ngokuvamile ukubona ehlathini noma esithombeni. I anezikhwama, sporangium spikelets ehlobo ripens izindodla ezinhlamvu efana yellow powder. Cabanga isakhiwo uthuli kungaba ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu. Chemical ihlaziya ukukhombisa okuqukethwe abalulekile kulezi emafutheni zemifino. Wathela mpikiswano July no-August, eyalo umoya emahlathini kanye chithi lycopodium. Emhlabathini, ukuhluma iqala ngaphansi kwezimo ezimvunayo. Kwakheka zarostok-gametophyte, sifana encane ipea-okuthile. Ngokocansi ukukhiqizwa kabusha clavate Lycopodium - esigabeni esimaphakathi emjikelezweni wokuphila, ukuqinisekisa ukwehluka zofuzo. Ngemva kumiswa gametes kanye kokukhulelwa livela ku ezincane prothallia sporophyte. isakhiwo sayo isivele kungenzeka ukubona mncane stem green kanye namahlamvu. Escape odlula ukuze ukukhanya emuva - phansi enhlabathini. moss Iningi okusakazwa vegetatively indlela - ngamunye isiswebhu kokuba izimpande zawo, akwazi ukuphila ngaphandle isitshalo unina.

ukusetshenziswa Engokoqobo Yezindaba Lycopodium

In izicelo zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo isitshalo ezinhlamvu, eyaziwa ngokuthi Lycopodium. I impahla eluhlaza eqoqwe endle, ukulungiswa ingane powder anti-bedsore. Lycopodium iqukethe:

• lamafutha;
• amaprotheni;
• polysaccharides;
• sitosterol;
• phenolcarboxylic acid;
• namaminerali.

Folk abelaphi bayakwazisa isilonda ukuphulukisa amakhono Lycopodium, Kunconywa ukusha, frostbite. I imbiza anezakhi eqeda ukuvuvukala futhi isetshenziselwa izifo kwezitho ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo. Ifomu yangaphandle kwemithi kusuka ezinhlamvu lycopodium usizo nge eczema, amathumba, herpes. Ngemithi, Lycopodium kumele kwenziwe phezu iseluleko futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.

izidingo zemvelo

Okushukunyiswa Lycopodium kancane kancane "zisakaze 'kule ngxenye ukuhluma kokuqala yengxabano. Amandla ukwakheka kwazo simila liyavela ngonyaka 15-30-th zokuphila. Zarostok ishonela isinyathelo kumiswa amahlumela izimpande. clavate Avilable Lycopodium nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha yayo kunqunywa endaweni izitshalo wokusabalalisa. Undemanding yomhlabathi, idinga amaconsi amanzi ukuvundisa esigabeni ngokobulili. Izimo ezinjalo moss atholakala ezifundeni eziningi futhi amazwe, kuhlanganise naseRussia, Belarus, Ukraine. Lesi sitshalo kutholakala ikakhulukazi on nenhlabathi sandy ekukhanyeni emahlathini kaphayini. Okungenani - e exubile kanye lezihlahla. Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka edlule inani Lycopodium yehlile kakhulu. Enye inkinga resumption senhlobo lihlotshaniswa ukwakheka kancane izindlebe spore ukwakha. Emahlathini of amahlumela vegetative zingatholakala kaningi ngaphezu okuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi njalo izimo esifanele spore ukuhluma. Abakwazi bazokufa bebulawa amanzi emzimbeni noma iminyaka musa zisenza sibe gametophyte. Lena ingxenye kuphela yemali ababeyitholile ezemvelo elihlobene ne izitshalo endala Emhlabeni. Kungase ukuphinda isiphetho omakhelwane emhlabeni emuva Paleozoic - lepidodendrons futhi sigillaria.

Kwamahlathi, ekuguquleni namathafa yezolimo nomthelela ongemuhle ngokobulili futhi asexual ukukhiqizwa kabusha clavate Lycopodium. It eyenziwa Ukuvikelwa yayo eziningi US uthi lapho lesi sitshalo kubhekwa ezingavamile oswela ukuvikelwa.