Nokwakheka kolimi lombhalo: kanjani ukwakha futhi wenze umbhalo kube lula ukuwufunda. isakhiwo ngendlela enengqondo semantic kombhalo

izigidi eziningi imibhalo bazalwa nsuku zonke. Amakhasi Virtual kuvula kangangokuba cishe kube kuncike ezimali. Izigidi zabantu ukubhala ngalokho okwenzeka ekuphileni kwabo izenzakalo, uchaze lo mkhuba, xoxa izindaba, yabelana liyisiqondiso esiwusizo, eshicilelwe izingxoxo, ukuqamba izindaba, ukubhala izinkondlo, izindaba, amanoveli, ngisho amanoveli. Lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele lwazo umsebenzi womuntu kunethiwekhi, kodwa kukhona ingxenye ezivamile - njalo kudala wombhalo isakhiwo ucishe ulinganiswe ngokucophelela.

Kukhona nokwakheka kolimi lombhalo, waqonda kalula, kodwa kukhona omunye lapho ukuqonda ngisho simple. Cabangela ezinye izinhlobo umbhalo impahla, futhi okubaluleke - Uyoletha amathiphu ukudalwa umbhalo onjalo, okuyinto lula futhi sisheshe ukufunda futhi beqonda ngokujulile.

Isakhiwo sombhalo. zinhlobo

Kuye umsebenzi izakhi ukwakhiwa kukhona umdali ngabanye. Akubona bonke Abalobi bayakwazi ukukwenza kahle, ngoba kuvela ukuthi eminye imibhalo ngisho ngokuphambeneyo waqonda ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ezinye ziba ngiyeke futhi uhlele wemagama emshweni ukuze uthole incazelo. Indlela ukuqeda angisizwanga kahle isisebenzi nezinxushunxushu?

Ngokucaca okuphelele, ukwakheka umbhalo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana engalingani futhi ziphathwe ngezigaba. Umbhalo kumele kube unhlokweni ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba miss, kanye main okuyingxenye, njengoba umthetho, ihlukaniswe izigaba okunenjongo. Plus ukwandisa bezibona izinga imibhalo uhlu. Umnyombo kungase kudingeke yayo - yangaphakathi - setheksthi (kuye ngokuthi imisebenzi ebhekene ngumlobi ekufuneni).

Ngisho ukusakaza ukuqaphela of umbhali Irish uJoyce encwadini yakhe emangalisayo "nangokuthi u-Ulysses" ngenkuthalo futhi ngokugqamile eyakhelwe. It has isakhiwo ayo - kwezobuciko ngaphambilini nezinxushunxushu. Futhi, isibonelo, umbhalo yezebhizinisi sidinga indlela ehlukile yokuhlela. Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde amafomu akhona futhi izinhlobo lokubhala kombhalo.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi nezinhlobo zayo

1. Uphiko okunengqondo. Izici: isigaba ngasinye ngaphakathi kokuchaza ezihlobene langaphambilini, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, Ngokuqhubeka nencazelo yalo. Abaqondisi Olungokoqobo, izihloko, izincazelo, ngamafuphi, konke uwela ngaphansi elithi "Umbhalo ibhizinisi", elinesimo okunengqondo, ingxenye ngalokulingene. Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokubhala futhi imibhalo, futhi umbono wabo. lula Ikakhulukazi le ndlela, ukuhlaziya umbhalo, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokushesha waqoka iziphetho ezilandelayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapha esigabeni sokuqala, umlobi uchaza indlela yokusebenzisa isakhiwo okunomqondo ingxenye yombhalo. Eyesibili uphawula isibonelo ukwakhiwa. Okulandelayo kuzofundwa imihlobo elandelako isakhiwo. Njengoba ubona, yonke into ilula. Isakhiwo okunomqondo umbhalo sigcwalisa futhi liyaqhubeka waqala ngo zindima ezingenhla.

2. Isakhiwo pyramidal. Lolu hlobo sici ngokubhala izindaba okuphakelayo kanye izindaba ezikhishiwe. Pyramid uphendulela sibheke phansi ngenxa base yawo ebanzi, okungukuthi, kusukela ekuqaleni, umlobi ubeka lonke ulwazi oluyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathi nje athole imininingwane ezembula essence.

Isimiso mbhoshongo nabokhulumile kusiza umfundi ukufunda kwesokudla ezibalulekile: yini lesi siqephu ukuthi unesithakazelo kuyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukufunda ezinye, sijule imininingwane. Kodwa into ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngisho uma umsebenzisi avala iwindi esikrinini, leli qiniso eliyisisekelo, okusho ukuthi yonke umbhalo ibhizinisi, wayeseboshwe wafunda. Lesifinyetiwe, emfushane, imishwana kakhulu ulwazi - isihluthulelo sempumelelo. Kuthiwa kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza umbhalo ngendlela efanele. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngumlobi.

3. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa-isakhiwo. Umbhalo yencwadi ekuso kakhulu ukushicilelwa interview, noma amakholomu kanye izimpendulo evame ukubuzwa. Kulula ukuthola yikuphi ukuhlakanipha incazelo: isigaba ngasinye kukhona pair eyodwa kuphela - nombuzo nempendulo.

Kuyasiza ngempela ukuba lula umbhalo incwadi egunjini ekuqaleni okuqukethwe nge link ulwazi. Kulokhu, funda omningi ezingadingekile akudingekile, futhi ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo abafundi '.

4. isakhiwo Commercial. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuthengisa nekhophi yokukhangisa ukuze udayise noma uthuthukise. Udinga ukuthola esifishane indlela yokusabela iklayenti ye ezingaba: ucingo, ukubhaliswa, ukuthengwa kwezimpahla noma ukuhleleka kuka amasevisi. It is for isakhiwo okuholela umbhalo ukukhangisa wadala ukusetshenziswa ukumaketha onobuhle. Ngokwesibonelo, aida. It unezigaba ezine, okuyinto ukuchaza izimfanelo eziyisisekelo umbhalo izinto. Kuyadingeka ukuba baxwayisa ngokuthi lokhu isakhiwo awusekelwe kulokho okushiwo umbhalo, sobuhle bayo noma ukungaguquguquki. Lapha kuba nomphumela eliyingqayizivele futhi kubaluleke kakhulu. Isakhiwo umbhalo ukukhangisa okususelwe ukuthi.

5. Isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela. Le ndlela kuyisici sobuntu blogs. Ngokuvamile, Blogger lokuqala unolwazi mayelana nomcimbi (futhi ngalesosizathu esetshenziswa isakhiwo mbhoshongo ka temibhalo), bese abelana imicabango yakhe ngale ndaba noma ihlaziya, okungukuthi, ukwakha umbhalo, ukwakhiwa ke ngokulandelana.

Ukusebenzisa imodeli kuhlangene, kudingeka uqaphe kakhulu: ulwazi oluthile noma izindaba, exutshwe ukuhlaziywa nefilosofi Homespun, kudala chaos bezibona yomfundi.

6. Sakhiwo kunezinxushunxushu. Ukudideka Kwenzekani lapho umbhali akazi ukuthi ukusebenza indaba, futhi uveza ukuthi isakhiwo kombhali ka temibhalo.

Nokho, abalawuli smart waqaphela ukuthi jumble ezingqondweni amakhasimende ngezinye izikhathi ewusizo kakhulu. Abafundi ngobuqili edukisayo uma isidingo ukuliveza lingamanga abantu, izinkampani, ngisho ohulumeni - yimuphi ukuketula kufezeke kalula sibonga isakhiwo kunezinxushunxushu nokugcizelela kwalemibhalo.

Indlela wahlukanise izigaba

Umfundi kufanele kube lula ukufunda okushiwo umbhalo, ngakho sonke isendlalelo sehlukaniswe ethengekayo iso izingcezu. division kakhulu encane, kodwa futhi dissipates ukunakwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi isakhiwo semantic umbhalo is alidabukanga, ayesuka isigaba kundima.

Izindima Kufanele athobele isakhiwo jikelele umbhalo, ngisho noma kuhluke ifomu bese inikeza ezihlukahlukene, njengoba bese uphendula imibuzo, njengoba sipho olulodwa, njengoba isendlalelo esisodwa umbhalo njengoba uhlu noma njengoba ikhotheshini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi incazelo akufanelanga wephule, ngisho noma isigaba ngandlela-thile le eceleni. Futhi okubi, uma lonke umsebenzi ekhethiwe izindlela ukushintsha: isitayela, ulimi, uhlobo isethulo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isigaba ngasinye kufanele kube iyunithi esizimele incazelo.

izibonelo

Nawa kahle wenza isakhiwo umbhalo ngokwesayensi isigaba:

• Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu inkinga evamile kwenzeka enqubeni - ukuhlonza ukuphela zomsebenzi. Ukudalula ephelele kunayo isihloko - umsebenzi oyinhloko, kodwa awukwazi wasibeka at phambili. Ukuze enze konke wakhulelwa futhi singalahlekelwa sifundvo ulwazi lutho eduze kodwa, isetshenziswa indlela yokunquma inkinga. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, kudingeka bahlanganise e umusho owodwa konke senzelwe ukuba badlulisele emphakathini. Ngakho, isakhiwo okunomqondo umbhalo lizovela. Ngaphandle kwezinkinga kuboniswa umsebenzi iba asebenzisa noma sokuhlanganiswa abanekhono.

Kahle sakhiwa isakhiwo temibhalo:

• Ivan, eliqhutshwa umoya, ngokushesha uya endleleni. Ngakho ngokushesha okukhulu izimpukane ukuthi ngisho ifu esibhakabhakeni okusezingeni eliphezulu wacishe wama, elinde. Lokho ngeke umtshele umuntu, outstripping umoya? Indoda clasped namazinyo akhe anamandla, nangokuduma Izigaxana kuphela ukudlala cheekbones okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi belungele ukuhamba, omasha. Cishe egijima. Hhayi ifu qhebeza phezulu nga him, kodwa ukuba elahlekile uthando yobuwula.

Futhi izibonelo ezimbili izigaba ngokungalungile esakhiwe, okuyinto esephula isakhiwo semantic umbhalo:

• Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukuphela komsebenzi, kanye uhlelo umsebenzi. Inqubo ibulawa ngesihluku futhi ukuvezwa izihloko Izinjongo kudingeka agweme Imininingwane kuphindza acoce. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba singavumeli ukuhlanganisa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zisungule inkinga futhi nokwakheka kolimi lombhalo emshweni lofanako. Qalisa konke ulwazi lokuthi uhleleni - umsebenzi oyinhloko.
• Cloud Ivan walinda endleleni ukukhuluma ngothando lwakhe elahlekile. Kodwa Ivan wayehamba ngokukhulu ukushesha kangangokuba ke lamfica umoya. Amazinyo akhe. Angathini?

Nakuba isibonelo yokugcina, naphezu kwencazelo lomqondo hhayi bancishwa ngokuphelele. Kukhona ngisho isakhiwo ethile ye temibhalo okuhleliwe, kodwa hhayi lelipelwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi umfundi ungathola ulwazi olufunayo e ngangokunokwenzeka ifomu kufinyeleleke, ukuze umbhalo akuyona ukhathele it, hhayi into exakayo.

umbhalo ukuhlaziywa

Kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho Ukukhetha kanye nokulungisa isakhiwo ngaphansi ezitholwe yenkinga main ebuzwe impahla. Umbhalo njengoba umkhiqizo okunenjongo yokukhuluma kufanele kube ubuhlobo uhambisane semantic futhi abe neso imvume ecacile, ngenxa okuyinto nesithombe ubuqotho.

Isakhiwo umbhalo isiRashiya eqala ukumelwa womsebenzi, okungukuthi, kufanele kube kuncike futhi into, inqubo uqobo, umgomo oyinhloko, zonke izindlela ezisetshenziswa futhi umphumela. Ukwakheka ngqo yezingxenye zibonisa izici ezilandelayo: okuqukethwe-kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kanye yekuchumana.

Ukuhlaziya umbhalo uyaqhubeka kwemigomo micro- futhi makrosemantiki, micro- futhi macrostructure. Isemanthikhi enze imisebenzi yokuxhumana yokudlulisa ulwazi, kanye nesakhiwo inquma izici inhlangano yangaphakathi amayunithi umbhalo. Ibamba iqhaza budlelwano amaphethini wonke amayunithi ngaphakathi kwemingcele idokhumenti iyonke, umlayezo owodwa.

isakhiwo Composite futhi yangaphakathi

Lena zesakhiwo sangaphandle iqembu, owawuthi kubalulekile ukwakha imisho, izigaba, izigaba, sub-izigaba, izahluko, sub-izahluko, isahluko, nokunye inyuka oda. Isakhiwo elingaphandle umbhalo kancane kuphela exhumene ne inhlangano efanele okuyinto eyenzeka ngaphakathi umbhalo, kufana nokwakha ibhuloho esethulweni isiphetho sendaba.

Dala umbhalo kungenziwa olusekelwe olwazini imigomo isakhiwo layo langaphakathi, futhi yilezi:

• isitatimende (isiphakamiso njengoba enjalo);
• izitatimende eziningana kuhambisana inter-ibinzana ubunye, united yinye futhi olungile kanye wokufihla;
• eziningana izingcezwana inter-ibinzana ezakha block futhi baxhumane umbhalo yokuphelela futhi ukuxhumana umqondo nendikimba.

Amayunithi yepulani syntactic futhi esiyinhlanganisela njalo oxhumene. Lokhu kusho izici zendlela yokubhala kanye nesitayela kombhalo. Ezimisele ngale ndlela futhi ukusebenza - Ingabe lokhu wobuciko, isayensi nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yikuphi ukuxhumana has ngaphezu izimfanelo sitayela ubuntu kombhali.

Isakhiwo umbhalo ukukhangisa

1. Isihloko. Endaweni yokuqala umfundi uyazinaka lesi sici. Kufanele kube emfushane, kodwa ulwazi, yokuqala, incazelo enembile. Isihloko ezinhle inikeza isifiso sokuba bajwayelane umbhalo omkhulu. Kungakuhle zonke okufana ezikhethiwe kusuka eziningana eyaqoqwa phakathi umsebenzi ngombhalo.

2. isigaba ezethula. Akasona ezingabalulekile kangako ukuze izethameli eziqondiwe, ngoba isithakazelo ukunakwa lisiphatheleni. Ejabulisayo esicacile lapha idluliselwa okuqukethwe umbhalo, kodwa ushukunyiswa ngokufunda isihloko kuze kube sekupheleni. Uma kufaneleka, it ovunyelwe indaba Yiqiniso, uma une umuzwa Ingxenye. Ukuthola ukuklanywa ezethula ingxenye, udinga ukuqonda kahle futhi ongase abe ikhasimende kanye nezidingo zabo kanye nezinkinga, nakuzo zonke izinqumo zabo zazibonakala imigqa yokuqala.

ezinye izimfihlo

imithetho esungulwe Nokho, ngokuvamile esingashiwongo, sazi ukuthi, nxa ungakwazi ugweme amaphutha copywriters imfundamakhwela futhi rewriter. Professionals bayakhishwa kusukela ukusetshenziswa amazwana ezifana "Siyakwamukela esitolo sethu." amakhosi True lokungangcolisi imishwana ukhiye: kuthiwa ukwethula embhalweni izwi kane, bese owesihlanu ngeke. Kuthunyelwe ngu- kokuchichimileyo kwabo kuba emangalisayo buthuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbhalo unikeza ithemba umfundi e umkhiqizo zimenyezelwe. "Okuqondile" ungakwazi futhi ngizolivusa yokulinganisela, kodwa walahlekelwa ukunakwa amakhasimende. Umlobi omuhle ngeke ubhale eside "Tolstoyan" slozhnosochinonnymi iziphakamiso inala abathintekayo nangamazwi esithi imishwana. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imibhalo ukukhangisa ngokuvamile ukufunda ngokuphambeneyo.

Umthetho ezilandelayo - akukho clichés futhi amaphethini. Zonke izinhlobo yokukhuluma ezimisiwe kungcono ukukhohlwa ngokuphelele, ukudala i embhalweni wokuqala.

izithombe

Per izinhlamvu eziyinkulungwane, kuyatuseka ukuba ukhethe isithombe. Kufanele kube ngokuqinile thematic. Usayizi wesithombe kuyakhethwa ngokuhambisana msebenzi. Uma isithombe njengoba ulwazi ngangokunokwenzeka, usayizi waso omkhulu, uma kungekhona - imfushane.

Isihlokwana futhi isigaba

Imibhalo engezansi - Izinto Sihlelwe ngomumo ngaphambi kokubhala umbhalo uhlelo eningiliziwe. Kungcono ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho amazinga wesibili nowesithathu. Izindima kukhona okuqukethwe eyinhloko umbhalo ngamafuphi esikuyi by esigabeni sokuqala. Lapha yonke imininingwane enqunyiwe ulwazi olufanele izibalo umbukwane yokukhuluma uma ubalula izinzuzo kuncike zimenyezelwe. Futhi lapha angiyikukushiya umqondo wombhali buqhathaniswa!

uhlu

eklanyelwe kahle futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yakhiwa, kuyasiza ukuba adlulisele:

• yilowo nalowo izinzuzo zokukhangisa into;
• nobubanzi ikhono olunikezwa umkhiqizo noma umsebenzi;
• uhlu ezahlukene imikhiqizo ahlinzekwa;
• izici eqhathanisa izinga ehlukile kwento zimenyezelwe;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici kwesakhiwo sisiza iketango ngesikhathi ukuhleleka kuka noma ukubhaliswa.

Asikwazi ukuvumela okwenza uhlu:

• Sebenzisa amagama angukhiye kuphela - amathambo, ngaphandle "inyama" ngamazwi;
• khona zamalinki;
• yobunzima lapho ebhala uhlu;
• ukwaziswa okuningi ngokweqile emishweni uye etindzimeni,.

ithebula

Kuyinto umsizi kudingekile futhi ewusizo kakhulu. Kusobala-ke libonisa izici ukuqhathanisa, intuthuko, abaphindela, izakhiwo ezinkulu umbhalo. Yenza uhlu Yiqiniso, kulula, kodwa etafuleni imidwebo. Kungenza noma ngabe isiphi isikhathi, ngisho nje ukwazisa, obani, nini, kuphi, isibonelo, yanquma ukugqoka cufflink, futhi ngengubo, yibaphi abayizibonelo. Ngo ehlukile ikholomu ezibonisa ukuthi yiziphi inikeza ukukhetha okuningi kulokho esitolo izimpahla eshibhile, futhi lokho ungathenga ngokushesha lokhu.

Ugqozi lokuthenga

Futhi lapha isebenza kahle kakhulu uhlu olufushane kodwa lesifinyetiwe, siyabona ukuthi konke kuhamba phambili emhlabeni, nguwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko engxenyeni yokugcina isihloko - ekugcineni ukukholisa iklayenti sisusa konke ukungabaza agumenti ecacile futhi ngobumnene imenze ukukhetha kuphela elungile. Njengoba inketho - ukusetshenziswa echo-amabinzana, ngokuphinda main umqondo umbhalo oyinhloko, classically kokuqeda isihloko ukukhangisa.