Ukushisa air

Ukushisa ethize njengoba value ngokomzimba ezibonisa inani energy ezishisayo edingekayo ukushintsha ukusebenza lokushisa uketshezi, kulesi simo air, ngokwezinga elithile. Umthamo ukushisa air kuyinto encike ngqo kwi lokushisa nokucindezelwa. Kulokhu, izindlela ezehlukene ingasetshenziswa ukufunda izinhlobo ezahlukene ukushisa umthamo.

Izibalo, amandla ukushisa air sivezwe njengoba isilinganiso nenani ukushisa kuya anyuswe lokushisa yayo. ukushisa umzimba, nokuba nenqwaba 1 kg, obizwa ngokwejwayelekileyo ngokuthi othize. I izinyo lomhlathi ukushisa ezithile emoyeni - ukushisa umthamo imvukuzane lomcebo ngayinye. Kuboniswa ukushisa umthamo - J / K. I izinyo lomhlathi ukushisa ethize, ngokulandelana J / (Mol * K).

Umthamo ukushisa angabhekwa isici ngokomzimba into, kulesi simo air, esimweni lapho nesilinganiso wenziwa khona ngaphansi kwezimo njalo. Ngokuvamile lezi izilinganiso abazenzi ngomfutho njalo. kunqunywa Ngakho isobaric ukushisa ezithile emoyeni. It kwandisa ne okwandisa lokushisa nokucindezelwa, kanye umsebenzi komugqa amagugu idatha. Kulokhu ushintsho lokushisa kwenzeka ngomfutho njalo. Ukubala ukushisa ethize ngomfutho njalo kuyadingeka ukunquma lokushisa pseudocritical nokucindezelwa. Okunqumayo usebenzisa idatha inkomba.

Heat nomthamo emoyeni. Izici

Air ingxube gas. Lapho kubhekwa imibono elandelayo yamukelwa wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto. Ngamunye igesi ingxube kufanele ngokulinganayo basakaza kulo lonke ivolumu. Ngakho, ivolumu igesi elilingana ivolumu yonke le ngxube. Ngamunye igesi ingxube possesses umfutho esinqunyiwe ukuthi enalo odongeni isitsha. Ngamunye yezingxenye ingxube igesi kufanele ibe lokushisa elilingana ingxube Imininingwane. Isamba se- izingcindezi ngokwengxenye kuzo zonke izingxenye lilingana ingcindezi ingxube. emoyeni ethize ukushisa ukubala wenziwa ngesisekelo idatha ukubunjwa negesi kanye umthamo ukushisa yezingxenye ngamunye.

Umthamo ukushisa into ehlukile ephawula. Kusukela umthetho wokuqala wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto ke kungenziwa baphetha ngokuthi amandla sangaphakathi umzimba kuyahlukahluka hhayi kuphela kuye inani ukushisa, kodwa nangenduduzo ukusebenza umzimba ngcono. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene ukugeleza inqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa, umsebenzi umzimba ingehluka. Ngakho, okufanayo umzimba womyalezo ukushisa ubuningi kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izinguquko Inani lokushisa namandla komzimba kwangaphakathi. Lesi sici nobuntu kuphela abezindaba gaseous. Ngokungafani ukudla okuqinile futhi uketshezi, izinto gaseous, kungaba kakhulu ukushintsha ivolumu wenze umsebenzi. Yingakho amandla ukushisa air inquma uhlobo inqubo thermodynamic.

Kodwa akusho enze umsebenzi ngesikhathi njalo emoyeni omningi. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho amandla yangaphakathi wakhona ushintsho lokushisa yayo. Isilinganiso ukushisa athile inqubo nge ingcindezi engapheli ukushisa ethize ngevolumu njalo inqubo kuyingxenye ifomula inqubo adiabatic. It is okhonjiswe iledere gamma ngesiGreki.

kusuka emlandweni

Amagama athi "ukushisa umthamo" futhi "inani ukushisa" akuyona ukuchaza kahle oluwubuqu yabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bafika isayensi yesimanje kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela phlogiston, okuyinto yayidumile ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Abalandeli lo mbono kubhekwa njengendlela uhlobo ukufudumala izidakamizwa isisindo ukuthi itholakala izidumbu. Le into angase futhi ubhujiswe noma wadala. Ukubandisa Ukushisa emizimbeni wachaza ukwehla noma ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwama-kilojoule, ngokulandelana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mbono uye waziswa ezikweletini. Wayengakwazi uchaze ukuthi kungani okufanayo ushintshe noma iyiphi amandla zomzimba zangaphakathi etholwe ngokudlulisela kuye ngenani ezahlukene ukushisa, futhi kuncike emsebenzini owenziwa umzimba.