Ijubane umsindo emoyeni

Kwabaningi, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi iziqu yokulibiza ayaziwa ukuthi yini ngempela ijubane umsindo emoyeni. Othile walalelisisa uthisha, kuyilapho abanye nje abaqondi ngokugcwele izinto azishilo. Awu, mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi ukugcwalisa lokhu igebe ulwazi. Namhlanje nje ucacise izinombolo "ezomile", nokuchaza indlela ukuthi inquma ijubane umsindo emoyeni.

Njengoba yaziwa, emoyeni luyinhlanganisela amagesi ezahlukene. Kancane angaphezu kuka-78% are nitrogen, ithatha cishe 21% oksijini, okusele imelelwa carbon futhi amagesi inert. Ngakho-ke, sizogxila ijubane umsindo in the medium gaseous.

Okokuqala, ake ichaze lokho umsindo. Ngiqinisekile ngikuzwile ethi "amaza omsindo" noma "amaza omsindo" abaningi. Ngempela, isibonelo, diffuser ekukhiqizweni isikhulumi oscillates nge imvamisa ezithile, okuyinto libhekwa njengoba umsindo umuntu kuzwa. Omunye imithetho physics uthi ingcindezi yamagesi futhi uketshezi ekusatshalalisweni ngaphandle kwezinguquko kuzo zonke izindawo. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ijubane womsindo gas iyunifomu. Yiqiniso, empeleni kwamazinyo yawo engokwemvelo. Kudingeka sikhumbule lesi sici, ngoba lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izinga zingahluka. Kodwa sinawo kancane thikazisa main theme. Ngakho, uma umsindo - a kokungabaza ke lokho kuyahlukahluka?

Noma yimuphi igesi - iqoqo ukuhlelwa ethile ukuzulazula kwama-athomu. Ngokungafani ukudla okuqinile ama-athomu phakathi kwabo ibanga elikhulu (e lokumadanisa isibonelo, a ngehele metal). Ungasondela isifaniso nge uphizi, okuye kwasakazwa eminyakeni mass jelly-like we esitsheni. Umthombo uthe ishayela umsindo kunyakaza ukunyakaza eliseduze ama-athomu igesi. Nazo ngokufanayo, efana amabhola etafuleni Billiard, "hit" phezu angomakhelwane, futhi inqubo eziphindaphindiwe. Ijubane umsindo emoyeni yiso inquma ukushuba imbangela ishayela-impande. Kodwa lena ingxenye eyodwa kuphela. Ingqikithi luthe ukuqina ngokufanele ama-athomu, ayanda ijubane ephilileyo kuwo. Ngokwesibonelo, ijubane umsindo emoyeni lingaphansi cishe 10 izikhathi kunangesikhathi egwadle Monolithic. Kulula ukuziqonda: athomu e-gas kungenzeka "fly" kuya angomakhelwane amnike amandla ishayela, kubalulekile ukuba unqobe ibanga elithile.

Umthelela: nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa izinga esiphelweni iyakhula. Naphezu ukunwetshwa ezishisayo, velocity ayo ukuzulazula kwama-athomu ngenhla they nyakazo elingafani futhi ngokuvamile etholana phezulu. Kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi igesi onomfutho ithwala umsindo ngokushesha okungaka, kodwa ingqwele namanje kuyinto kuncibilike isimo ngokomzimba. Ekubaleni Isivinini womsindo amagesi kunakwe kwabantu kokuqala, compressibility, izinga lokushisa Coefficient (igesi njalo). Empeleni, konke kulandela kusukela ngenhla.

Noma kunjalo, yini ijubane umsindo emoyeni? Abaningi ukuyichaza kakade, akunakwenzeka ukuba anikeze impendulo esiqondile. Nazi nje ezinye idatha eziyisisekelo:

- at zero degrees Celsius ngesikhathi zero iphuzu (kolwandle) ijubane umsindo imayelana 331 m / s;

- ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ukuze - 20 degrees Celsius futhi kungaba "bese wehlisa" amagagasi umsindo 319 m / s, kusukela ekuqaleni Atoms emkhathini lihamba kancane;

- abaluphakamisela okungu-500 degree esiphelweni umsindo igijimisa cishe isigamu - afika ku-550 m / s.

Nokho, lezi idatha ayalinganiselwa, kusukela ngaphezu lokushisa igesi ikhono ukuqhuba umsindo nazo zathonywa ingcindezi, ukumisa isikhala (isikhala nge izinto noma endaweni evulekile), a ukuhamba yangasese njll

Okwamanje, izakhiwo emkhathini lokufeza umsindo ucwaningo asebenzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye iphrojekthi ngokusebenzisa ukubhaliswa ivumela kubonakala isignali umsindo (echo) ukunquma izinga lokushisa komoya izingqimba.