Inerts - imiqondo jikelele, Properties futhi Izicelo

amagesi inert zibizwa futhi ihloniphekile kungene iqeqebana eyinhloko iqembu lwesishiyagalombili kohlelo gqwa. Zazo zikhona eziyisithupha kuphela: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), Xenon (Xe), kanye Radon (RN). Ukuze uzwisise imvelo, siqale sicabangele nomqondo inertia. Inertness - inkulumo ababuthakathaka noma ukuntula kwakhe ikhono ukuxubana nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Imbangela yokusabela chemical ukwakha izixhumanisi esisha kulezi izinto cishe akunakwenzeka.

Ngakho, i-gas inert - kuyinto ezingavamile yizicukuthwane igesi monatomic kokuba inertia okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto ngenxa esitebeleni bazisa zangaphandle ezingeni electron igobolondo ye-athomu. Ngokwesibonelo, helium kule igobolondo ngokufanele electron ezimbili nezinye amagesi yizicukuthwane - eziyisishiyagalombili. Lokhu kuchaza izakhiwo zabo ezingokwenyama futhi amakhemikhali. Zonke amagesi inert ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile amagesi kukhona Ayinambala, ayinaphunga nengenawo oncibilikayo emanzini. okushisa yabo abilayo futhi ukuncibilika amaphoyinti nakakhulu kuye kwaba nokwanda ubukhulu ukuzulazula kwama-athomu.

Kuze 1962, ososayensi ayeqiniseka ukuthi zonke amagesi yizicukuthwane kukhona inert ngokuphelele. Kodwa wemithi Canadian N. Bartlett kungasilahlekisela ngenye indlela, ethola chemical kwakwakhe lokuqala Xenon, okuthiwa Xenon geksaftoroplatinat. Le ngxube kuyinto okuqinile orange nge ngehele crystal. Ngemva kwalokho eziningana ezibangela liye landiswa kakhulu.

Ukwanda nemfundo ngokwemvelo

Ngo umkhathi yizicukuthwane igesi helium yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, futhi ezimweni eliwumhlaba - argon (by volume ke ithatha 0,934%). Ngo nengcosana kakhulu amagesi inert ezitholakala yamadwala nasemigodini amagesi zemvelo izinto ezivuthayo, futhi ifomu ziyoncibilika ingatholakala amafutha namanzi.

Ngo izimo zemvelo, kungase amagesi yizicukuthwane elakhiwe ngenxa ukusabela okuhlukahlukene zenuzi. Ngokwesibonelo, umthombo Radon kukhona enemisebe uranium izidakamizwa. Ezinye zalezi amakhemikhali has imvelaphi COSMOGENIC.

Zonke amagesi inert ngaphandle Rawdon, benezingane eziningi isotopes.

Izitoke lezi amagesi akuyona encishisiwe. Kancane kancane kuphela, kancane kakhulu kwashabalala emkhathini interstellar.

isicelo

amagesi inert kabanzi Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. Argon, uma sicabangela sokungasebenzi futhi ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo, isetshenziswa ingxube ne-nitrogen eningi ngokugcwalisa izibani kagesi. Argon futhi neon ligcwaliswe tube ukuze zenze izikhangiso ukukhanya, futhi zikhanya okwesibhakabhaka, futhi neon - orange-bomvu.

Enye Argon isetshenziswa laboratories zamakhemikhali. Ngo umkhakha, ke ithole isicelo ukwelashwa ukushisa of izinsimbi kalula oxidizable. I argon ihlinzeka umoya zokuzivikela lapho ukwenza Welding noma ukusika ezingavamile futhi non-ayoni yokuncibilikisa insimbi tungsten titanium, zirconium. Ukuze ulawule ukupholisa izinhlelo esetshenziswa isotopes enemisebe ka argon.

Krypton futhi Xenon abe conductivity namanje aphansi ezishisayo kuka Argon, ngakho egcwele izibani eqinile futhi ukonga kunalawo egcwele nitrogen noma argon.

Abatshuzi ukuphefumula ingxube ane-helium ne-oksijini, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ube mude isikhathi sokuhlala yabo ngaphansi kwamanzi kakhulu kunciphisa imiphumela ebuhlungu kubangelwa izinguquko ingcindezi ngesikhathi wenyuka ebusweni.

helium Liquid isetshenziswa njengoba refrigerant ezifundweni ezahlukene, kusukela lokushisa gas ukubila -268,9 ° C.

inertia impahla egcwele helium esetshenziselwa Welding e nomkhathi wawo, ukwenziwa ephezulu msulwa izinsimbi, chromatography. Futhi kungenzeka ukwakha permeability okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuvuza ethungatha apharathasi ingcindezi ongaphakeme kanye eliphezulu.