UGalileo Galilei nangemifanekiso enyakazayo futhi nombala esasizosheshisa

Yonkhe imitimba emhlabeni wangempela ayikwazi ngesivinini njalo futhi ijubane umzimba ngokuvamile ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi isiqondiso nokubaluleka. ngokunyakaza okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi okungajwayelekile. Indlela elula ezinyakazayo non-iyunifomu zemizimba is rectilinear nombala yashesha ezinyakazayo, futhi kungenziwa kubhekwe yisibonelo esikhazimulayo mahhala ukuwa.

Theory motion nombala yashesha athuthukile uGalileo Galilei. Nguye waqale wanika incazelo yalokhu uhlobo ukunyakaza, ezichazwa imithetho yayo futhi wafakazela eziningi theorems.

Ososayensi bebelokhu becwaninga ukuhamba nemizimba yenyama kusukela kudala. izisekelo Kinematic babekwa ungakazalwa nakuzalwa kaGalileo. Manje ukunquma indlela siwela umzimba isikhathi esithile nge speed eyaziwa njalo, can yimuphi umfundi esikoleni sabaqalayo. Kumanele uphindaphinde ijubane umzimba sendleleni - futhi impendulo ngomumo!

Kwaphakama izinkinga ngokushesha nje waqala cabanga ukunyakaza komzimba izinga variable, futhi eqinisweni empilweni ngakho kwenzeka cishe njalo. Bheka imoto umshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane - kuba njalo iqhubekela phambili, futhi kubonisa ukuthi ijubane emotweni siyashintsha cishe njalo ngomzuzu, futhi ngisho ngokuvamile ngaphezulu. Le nkinga - indlela ukubala indlela ukunyakazisa umzimba ngsivinini oshintshashintsha - zikhathazeke izingqondo ososayensi eside ngaphambi uGalileo.

Ngemva uchungechunge ucwaningo, uGalileo yabonisa ukuthi umqondo we 'umzimba mahhala ukuwa "okulingana welithi" ezinyakazayo nombala ngesivinini esikhulu. "

Namuhla, nge nesilinganiso ultra-eqondile kwesikhathi, ukuze bagcine Dynamics ngisho wesikole ungawa kanjani. Ngesikhathi uGalileo ezivamile amawashi awayindwayo ayembalwa futhi enganembile lasekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi kwadingeka ukudala insimbi entsha ngokuphelele ngawo inkinga yokulinganisa amagugu ekwindla isixazululiwe na. Ukuhlolwa nemibandela ukuhlola ngokushesha, okwenza izilinganiso nokucabangisisa, uGalileo kancane kancane wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi umzimba, kusukela zero Isivinini bese kuhamba kancane kancane ijubane. Njengoba yahunyushelwa olimini wezibalo uzigcinile ezinyakazayo nombala esasizosheshisa lingachazwa usebenzisa ulimi ifomula a = VT d = (at2) / 2, lapho v - Izinga, ukusheshisa umzimba - a, d - ibanga ukuthi umzimba isidlulile phakathi nesikhathi t.

Uma ubuka ekwindla ka imizimba yenyama, ahlaziye idatha ifomula ukuthi ungakwazi ukulandela ososayensi bathi:

• izinga ukuwa nge isikhathi sesiphelile kusukela ekuqaleni ukunyakaza, ngisho batshengise kwandisa;

• uma umzimba wenza ezinyakazayo nombala esasizosheshisa, engxenyeni yokuqala ka indlela kuzothatha isikhathi eside kunaleso ingxenye esele;

• eside "ngesivinini" umzimba, aba maningi indlela kuzothatha indawo ngezikhathi ezifanayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGalileo Galilei wenza esinye isiphetho kunalokho Nokho, okubaluleke ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa izilinganiso. Wathola ukuthi okudonsa ukusheshisa g cishe okufanayo eduze surface eMhlabeni, okulinganako g = 9.8 m / s2. Lokhu value ephawula ukuwa zemizimba eduze ebusweni iplanethi yethu ngenxa adonsela phansi amabutho eMhlabeni, ngakho-ke libizwa ukusheshisa okudonsa noma ukusheshisa okudonsa izinto.

Imiphumela yocwaningo uGalileo kwakheka isisekelo kamuva okutholakele okunqobayo kwezindaba Newton futhi kwakheka isisekelo Mechanics yesimanje classical. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, Newton wabonisa ukuthi ukusheshisa umzimba ingabalwa kwakuthiwa usebenzisa sivule imithetho Mechanics kanye nomthetho wamandla adonsela phansi.

Esinye isiphetho engengaphansi ezibalulekile ezivela uGalileo okutholakele - khulula ukuwa ukusheshisa ukuzimela ngokuphelele bangabi mass. Lesi siphetho esisebenzayo ngokuphelele zonke izimangalo nga pre-existing zefilosofi zemvelo. Phela, bathi yonke into ivame ukuba maphakathi yonke (Nomhlaba Ngokombono wabo, lokhu isikhungo kwaba) kanye okukhulu ngaphezulu into, ngokushesha lenzani.

Yiqiniso, iziphetho uGalileo wenza ngesisekelo ucwaningo. Kodwa kunzima usosayensi olwenziwa ucwaningo okuthiwa ashiwo kuye, elinganisa ukuyiqabula njengesenzo "falling" umbhoshongo g.Pize izinto ezihlukahlukene kusolakala ngokucacile obonisa ukuthi zonke liwele kobuso Umhlaba ngesikhathi esifanayo. Singathi nje ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uGalileo bewazi ngokuqinisekile: izinto ngoyisiwula kusinda kuwele phansi ngokushesha ngenxa yezenzo emoyeni ukumelana. Kodwa abantu bavame ukuqamba izindaba.