Umlando Academician Pavlov imisebenzi yesayensi

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov - owathola uMklomelo KaNobel neyaziwayo lesayensi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuba usosayensi onekhono, negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo izitho zomzimba. Ukuthi kubhekwa umsunguli zasendle yesayensi, njengoba umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa. Wenza eziningi eziye zatholwa ezinkulu emkhakheni umthethonqubo ukugayeka kokudla eyasungulwa ngo Russian esikoleni bokuphila.

abazali

Biography Pavlová Ivana Petrovicha iqala 1849. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke ukuthi academician esizayo wazalelwa emzini Ryazan. Uyise, Peter D., wayevela emkhayeni ompofu futhi wasebenza njengoba umpristi kwelinye ezifundeni kulencane. Independent nokuyiqiniso, nguye ehlale ingavumelani nge abaphathi bakhe, ngakho wayephila ukuphila ocebile. Peter D. walithanda ukuphila, kwadingeka ukuba babe nempilo enhle, futhi ethanda ukusebenza engadini kanye engadini.

Varvara Ivanovna, umama ka-Ivan, wayevela emndenini ezingokomoya. Esemncane eseneminyaka bejabule, kumnandi futhi unempilo. Kodwa lapho ebeletha ngoba engalutholanga njalo (e umndeni nginezingane 10) libukelwa phansi kakhulu impilo yakhe. Varvara Ivanovna babengenalo imfundo, kodwa umsebenzi onzima futhi intelligence yemvelo yaba unamakhono ungumfundisi izingane zabo.

ebuntwaneni

Ikusasa Academician Pavlov Ivan waba izibulo umndeni. Ebuntwaneni zashiya izibazi ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on imemori. Eminyakeni yakhe avuthiwe, wayekhumbula: "Ngiyakhumbula ngokucacile kakhulu lapho ngivakasha okokuqala endlini. Okumangazayo ukuthi ngineminyaka engu kuphela ngonyaka, futhi umhlengikazi ibithwele nami izingalo zakhe. Ukuze yokuthi Ngikhumbula ekuqaleni, uthi kokubili inkumbulo egqamile. Lapho emngcwabeni kamfowabo sika kamama, mina Kwakuqhutshwa izandla kumuntu othile ngenjongo ngithi goodbye kuye. Isimo sisenjalo namanje phambi kwami. "

Ivan Ros bejabule futhi unempilo. Wavumelana kudlalwa nabafowethu nodadewethu abasebasha. Futhi basiza umama wakhe (wezaseKhaya) nobaba (ekwakhiweni endlini futhi ensimini). Udadewabo L. P. Andreeva ukutshelwa Lesi sikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ngaleyo ndlela: "UJohane ngikhumbula ngokwazisa upapa. Wakwazi nokugxilisa kuyo lo mkhuba umsebenzi, ukunemba, ukunemba oda lonke. omama bethu babe abaqashi. Ukuba toiler olukhulu, wazama ukwenza konke ngokwami. Kodwa kubo bonke abantwana bakwa akhuleka kuye futhi wazama ukubasiza: ukuletha amanzi, ashisise kuhhavini, nquma izinkuni. Bonke laba ukwenza Ivan kancane. "

School futhi ukulimala

Diploma, waqala ukutadisha nge iminyaka 8, kodwa isikole kwaba 11. kuphela Zonke iphutha uma: ngelinye ilanga umfana aliveza aphula ezomile emsamo. Esekhubeka, wawa eladini yawela ngqo phansi itshe. Alimazayo esenamandla ngempela, futhi Ivan wagula. Umfana waphenduka eliphaphathekile, isisindo elahlekile, nenhliziyo emnyama futhi waqala ukulala kabi. Abazali Sazama ukumelapha ke ekhaya, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho sivakashele Pavlov wafika wesigodlo of Holy Trinity Monastery. Ukubona umfana ogulayo, wamthatha wamyisa ngokwakhe. umsoco Enhanced, umoya ohlanzekile futhi elinamanzi yokuzijwayeza njalo emuva Ivan amandla kanye nempilo. Umlondolozi waphenduka indoda ekhaliphile, enomusa futhi abafunde kakhulu. Yena ngiziphatha ezincisha injabulo futhi eziningi ukufundwa. Lezi zimfanelo akhiqizwa ku umfana unomuzwa oqinile. Incwadi yokuqala Academician Pavlov eseyinsizwa kusukela wesigodlo, baba izinganekwane I. A. Krylova. Umfana wafunda ngekhanda futhi siyiswa uthando fabulist ngokusebenzisa ukuphila. Le ncwadi njalo olele edeskini usosayensi.

WezeMfundo Seminary

Ngo-1864, ngaphansi kwethonya londolozi Ivan langena sabefundisi. Lapho, yaba umfundi phezulu, futhi wayesiza ngisho nasekufakeni ozakwabo zakhe njengoba komfundisi. Iminyaka ukuqeqeshwa baye bajwayelana imisebenzi Ivan ongqondongqondo Russian njengoba DI Pisarev, N. Dobrolyubov, V. G. Belinsky, A. I. Gertsen, N. G. Chernyshevsky, nokunye. D. intsha wajabulela isifiso sabo ukulwa wenkhululeko ushintsho oluqhubekayo nomphakathi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithakazelo zakhe elivulela isayensi. Futhi lapha nethonya elikhulu kumiswa ucwaningo wokulandisa Pavlov kwadingeka I. M. Sechenova "Ikhaliphe of the Brain." Ngemva kokuphothula kulesi sikole sobufundisi lesithupha grade umfana wabona babengafuni ukwenza umsebenzi okungokomoya, futhi waqala ukulungiselela university yokungena izivivinyo.

Ucwaningo e-University of

Ngo-1870 Pavlov kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg nge nesifiso sokungenela Physics and Mathematics Faculty. Kodwa waphenduka ukuya umthetho. Isizathu salokhu - ukuvinjelwa sikole ngokuya kukhethwa umsebenzi. Ivan wathumela isicelo le li, futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili washintshelwa ku-Physics and Mathematics uMnyango. Le nsizwa yahamba kahle kakhulu futhi walithola scholarship eliphakeme (i-imperial).

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaningi uyakuthanda Ivan izitho zomzimba kanye ngomnyaka wesithathu enikelwe ngokuphelele yena kule isayensi. Kukhethwa yokugcina wenza bedle UProfesa Tsion - usosayensi onekhono, womfundisi brilliant kanye experimenter onekhono. Nakhu ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi inkathi yomlando wakhe yena Academician Pavlov: "Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko ngakhetha physiology izilwane, futhi wanezela - kwamakhemikhali. Nakuba bayilibale nhlobo ukwenze Ilya Fadeevich. Sizithele phezu ke setfulo masterfully okulula nezindaba bokuphila eziyinkimbinkimbi nabanekhono artistic ucwaningo. Lokhu uthisha ngizobuya ukukhumbula zonke ekuphileni kwami. "

kocwaningo

Eyokuqala ucwaningo Pavlov bahlehlela emuva ngonyaka 1873. Khona-ke, ngaphansi kokuqondisa Ivan Ovsyannikov uphenyo izinzwa e amaphaphu frog. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ndawonye nomunye umfundi, wabhala yakhe yokuqala umsebenzi wesayensi. Inhloko, kwakuwuhlelo Tsion. Kulesi umsebenzi, abafundi bahlola imithelela nezinzwa laryngeal ku kwegazi. Ekupheleni 1874, imiphumela kwaxoxwa ngakho emhlanganweni Society of imvelo. Pavlov ababehlanganyela njalo mihlangano babexhumana Tarkhanovo Ovsyannikov futhi Sechenov.

Ngokushesha abafundi M. M. Afanasev futhi I. P. Pavlov waqala ukutadisha nezinzwa pancreatic. University Council ukhishwa lo msebenzi wendondo yegolide. Nokho, u-Ivan esichithwa ucwaningo isikhathi esiningi futhi ayizange iphumelele lokugcina, ngalahlekelwa umfundaze. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu ukuba ahlale eyunivesithi omunye unyaka. Ngo-1875 wathola iziqu lolungenamaphutsa. Wayengumuntu 26 kuphela (isithombe ku-internet Ivana Petrovicha Pavlová kulonyaka, ngeshwa, akazange ukusinda), futhi esikhathini esizayo livele ethembisa kakhulu.

zomzimba kwegazi

Ngo-1876, insizwa ethile wathola umsebenzi njengoba umsizi UProfesa KN Ustimovich, ikhanda elabhorethri at the Academy Medico-Steel. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, u-Ivan uye aphethwe inani lezifundo phezu physiology kwegazi. IziNyathelo Pavlov adunyiswe UProfesa S. P. Botkin futhi wammema ukuba eze emtholampilo. Ngokusemthethweni, Ivan waqokwa laboratory umsizi, kodwa empeleni waba inhloko yalawa laboratory. Naphezu egumbini abampofu, ukuntuleka imishini kanye uxhaso ubala, Pavlov uzuze imiphumela okuphawulekayo ekutadisheni physiology ukugaya kwegazi. Emibuthanweni yesayensi, igama lakhe ekubeni kwaziwa kangcono.

uthando kuqala

Esikhathini yoma ngasekupheleni wahlangana Serafima Karchevsky - umfundi umnyango Pedagogical. Young ukufana united yokubukwa, izithakazelo ezivamile, ukuzinikela izimiso ukukhonza umphakathi futhi umzabalazo intuthuko. Ngokuvamile, babethanda nomunye. A Gcina isithombe Ivan Petrovich Pavlov futhi uSeraphim Vasilevny Karchevsky ibonisa ukuthi umbhangqwana enhle kakhulu. Ukusekelwa abangane bomshado uye baphumelele enjalo ensizweni emkhakheni ngokwesayensi.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa umsebenzi omusha

Iminyaka 12 komsebenzi emtholampilo S. P. Botkina Biography Pavlová Ivana Petrovicha ahlanganiswe ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo elikushoyo ngezindaba zesayensi, futhi waba owaziwa kokubili ekhaya aphesheya. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nemibandela ophilayo usosayensi abanamakhono uye edingekayo hhayi kuphela ngenxa izithakazelo zakhe siqu, kodwa futhi sokuthuthukiswa isayensi Russian.

Kodwa ezinsukwini Russia tsarist wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko, ethembekile, indoda elula yeningi abanomqondo ovulekile, kuyinto engenakwenzeka, onamahloni unsophisticated, futhi yayiyini Pavlov, kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila eyinkimbinkimbi yama usosayensi physiologists ovelele, lapho u-Ivan Petrovich, ngenkathi isencane, langena esidlangalaleni ku izingxoxo evuthayo futhi ngokuvamile baphuma onqobile. Ngakho, ngenxa ukubuyekeza negative uSolwazi I. R. Tarhanova umsebenzi Pavlov ku nokusakazwa zokugcina akuyona umklomelo.

Ivan asikwazanga ukuthola lab ezinhle ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo. Ngo-1887, yena wabhala incwadi eya kuNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo Eyisisekelo, lapho wacela indawo eMnyangweni eyunivesithi umshayeli. Khona-ke wathumela izincwadi eziningana ezikhungweni ezihlukahlukene nakuyo yonke indawo sinqatshiwe. Kodwa ngokushesha usosayensi inhlanhla.

UMklomelo KaNobel

Ngo-April 1890 Pavlov wakhethwa uprofesa kwemithi ngesikhathi esisodwa e amabili enyuvesi: Warsaw futhi saseTomsk. Futhi ngo-1891 wamenywa ukuba ahlele uMnyango Physiology eNyuvesi asanda kuvulwa ka kokulinganisa Medicine. Pavlov ephethwe kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kukulo muzi lapho wenza amaphepha amaningana zakudala phezu physiology nezindlala wokugaya ukudla, eyayibonakala uMklomelo KaNobel ngonyaka 1904. Zonke wezesayensi uyakhumbula inkulumo ukuthi Academician Pavlov wathi "On the ingqondo Russian" emcimbini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kwaba umklomelo wokuqala, ukhishwa ucwaningo emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Ubudlelwano kanye uhulumeni wamaSoviet

Naphezu indlala yango ezinsukwini kwamandla Soviet, V. I. Lenin wakhipha isimemezelo esikhethekile lapho uyakwazisa umsebenzi Pavlov, okubonisa ukuthi kunesimo sengqondo ithatha nemfudumalo nokukhathalela we amaBolshevik. Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, Academician futhi udondolo lwakhe ngidalé izimo ezikahle kakhulu imisebenzi yesayensi. Laboratory Ivan Petrovich kabusha e bokuphila Institute. Futhi ngosuku esenzeka 80th of academician okwalesi Leningrad Institute of Science-edolobheni.

Ukufezeka amaphupho abaningi osekuyisikhathi eside harbored i academician Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. imisebenzi Scientific Uprofesa enyatheliswa njalo. Ngezinye izikhungo zayo uvele umtholampilo izifo engqondo futhi ethukile. Zonke eholwa izikhungo zezemfundo wathola imishini emisha. Ukukhula kwenani labasebenzi abaqashwe ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Ngaphezu isabelomali, usosayensi njalo ngenyanga ukuze uthole amanani ukuba wachitha uma bebona kunesidingo.

Ivan lapho kwamhlaba umxhwele futhi zayiswa sengqondo ngayo, futhi efudumele amaBolshevik emsebenzini wakhe ngokwesayensi. Phela, ngaphansi kombuso tsarist, ihlala abadinga imali. Futhi manje academician ngisho ukhathazekile ukuthi wayezokwelapha yini ukwazi bathethelele ukwethembana futhi uhulumeni onakekelayo. Wayevame ngalokhu imvelo yakhe, futhi umphakathi.

ukufa

Academician Pavlov, washona mhlaka-87 th unyaka owodwa wokuphila. Lutho wabikezela ngokufa usosayensi, ngoba Ivan kwadingeka Ngiwumqemane futhi kuyaqabukela wayegula. Yiqiniso, ngangenwa imikhuhlane wahlushwa pneumonia izikhathi eziningana. Isifo samaphaphu kanye kwaba imbangela yokufa. Februwari 27, 1936 usosayensi ushiye leli zwe.

Bonke abantu Soviet walilela lapho efa Academician Pavlov (incazelo sokufa Ivan Petrovich maduze bavele emaphephandabeni). Wafa umuntu omkhulu futhi isazi omkhulu, owanikela ngomnikelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi bokuphila. Ivan Petrovich wembelwa le volkov emathuneni, eduze kwamathuna D. I. Mendeleeva.