Ngubani Norbert Wiener? Wayengubani "uyise cybernetics"?

Okwamanje, igama elithi "i-Internet" noma "i-computer" akusona isimanga. Nokho, ukuvela imishini ezihlakaniphile, okuyinto nge rapidity omkhulu ungase ukuthole isibonelo okukhulu zezibalo, noma mbeni yingasiphi iplanethi, uhlobene eduze isayensi cybernetics. Futhi noma ubani uyazi ukuthi lo wesilisa, "Norbert Wiener", "cybernetics" - lawa mazwi ezimbili ezihlobene. Yilokho umphakathi wesintu ngokufanele ngokuthi "Ubaba" kwale sayensi.

i-curriculum vitae

Abaningi izazi wokuphila kugxile embuzweni othi: "Ngubani Norbert Wiener", ngaphandle kokunqikaza, waphendula ngokuthi - isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele amaningi prodigy ingane. Wazalelwa uyise ikusasa cybernetics e-United States edolobheni Columbia, ukuthi isimo Missouri, ngo-1894. Uyise wayengumGreki ungowokuzalwa Russian Empire (the Grodno esifundeni). Wayelethwa kakhulu ufundile futhi kahle ukufunda. Wafundisa at Harvard University izincwadi nomlando Izilimi zesiSlavic. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wakhushulelwa kwenhloko yomnyango.

Kusukela zisencane, ubaba womfana wayelungiselela usosayensi umsebenzi. Mhlawumbe, kusukela ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka emithathu, kakade waqala umsebenzi wakhe yesayensi Norbert Wiener. Umlando iDemo ezincwadini eziningi iqala kulonyaka. Kuyilapho intandane wayekwazi ukufunda, ukubhala futhi wayesiza ngisho nasekufakeni uyise ukuhumusha imisebenzi LN UTolstoy. Ngesikhathi eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, wayesefile kakade ukwazi ukufunda imisebenzi Dante nemisebenzi zikaDarwin. indatshana yakhe yokuqala ebhala esikhathini lapho ontanga yakhe ngeke nje ufunde uphawu izinduku kanye izingwegwe.

Hhayi ngempela ukuya emakilasini esikoleni esiphakeme njalo (ezinye imithombo bathi akazange amnake nhlobo), umfana uya ekolishi elivelele, okuyinto iphela honours ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebesibekiwe. Ngezinye nesishiyagalombili, wavikela mqondo yakhe e-Harvard, futhi kamuva eminyakeni eminingana waba uprofesa emanyuvesi amaningana.

Ngo ibhuku ngempilo yakhe umbuzo: "Ubani Norbert Wiener" Usosayensi Uthi sezibalo. Kakade zisencane kungcono ukunikeza isayensi nezibalo, nakuba liphinde izici zosizo imfundo akuyona ukunganakwa.

umsebenzi

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi usosayensi - njalo Uprofesa nokunokuthula ngokuzinikela round izibuko ehlezi ehhovisi lakhe, nezisebenzi ezinye phrojekthi. Ngubani Norbert Wiener, wayengubani? Lo muntu wehlukile "omisiwe" usosayensi nge iKhabhinethi. Empilweni yami, okufutshane obona ngokucacile futhi usosayensi kancane Clumsy uye wasebenza esakhiweni, futhi ngendlela Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe kwemboni, nasemaphephandabeni. Kakhulu sifana nebutho lezempi, kodwa waxoshwa khona ngenxa yezinkinga umbono.

Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe enikelwe imfundo njengoba bebodwa, nabanye. Yena usebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo emayunivesithi engaphezu kweyishumi eminyangweni ehlukahlukene. Ufundisa izibalo, logic, isayensi, izincwadi kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlola izilimi zabo, amakhosi ngisho Chinese-Japanese.

theoretician

Ngubani Norbert Wiener: abantu nongoti noma isazi-umhlaziyi? wabiza kwayena theoretician ayethanda ukuba bacabange futhi ukwakha imibono yesayensi, okufakazela amaqiniso yabo. Kanye nososayensi waseMelika Claude Shannon, ikhulela yesimanje computer science theory.

Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu ujwayelene igama elithi "kancane". Ngakho lo muntu kanye nami wakhuphuka nayo, ukwenza kube lula ukuchaza ikhodi digital. Baningi umsebenzi ososayensi anikezelwe computer science, okungenzeka theory namanethiwekhi kagesi.

cybernetics

Kodwa akukho conception ukudalwa computer emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa ukuthi indoda. Yini Norbert Viner eyaziwa, kungcono yokuthi ayezisungulele into ezifana cybernetics. Nguye owaqala ukuthuthukisa isayensi, okuyinto postulates uvumele ukudalwa intelligence yokufakelwa. Usosayensi emelelwa cybernetics njengoba ithuba zidlulisela amakhono kwezilwane, ngokudala "iprogramme" ubuchwepheshe.

Wiener yena waqamba igama elithi, eboleka ke kusukela zezazi yamaGreki asendulo. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakusho "ukulawula umkhumbi", kodwa Wiener cybernetics siguqulelwa "smart umshini kanye nekutibamba. ' Wafanisa umuntu nge umshini, ne indlela clockwork ukuthi recycles amandla.

Incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "Cybernetics" yakhululwa ngo-1948 e-America. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi baye baphendukela engamashumi amahlanu nane. Nokho, ukusebenza, njengoba abaningi bathi, kucacile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukuze ufunde leli bhuku futhi uyakuqonda esikushoyo, kumele ube nolwazi ngokwanele ezijulile emkhakheni izibalo, ifilosofi nemfundiso ubunjiniyela kanye neurophysiology.

Man "ngaphakathi kuye '

Ngokuqinisekile noma yimuphi umlingisi ngubani izodlala indima ososayensi ngentshiseko umxhwele ungase ukuboleka umfanekiso Wiener. A nerd ejwayelekile ngezibuko kanye Isilevu Esinetshebe, ngingafaneleki futhi Clumsy, ngingekho ovulekile lapho esebenzelana nabanye futhi egxile ngokuphelele ekufundeni umhlaba wabo wangaphakathi nemibono.

Abazibonele wakhumbula ukuthi Wiener ngokuvamile egxilile imicabango yayo, ngisho ukhohlwe uyaphi nalokho afuna ukukwenza. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho ebhekene naye ku umhubhe, umfundi wakhuluma nathishela, wayeseyiswa ishaqeke umbuzo wakhe: "Usakhumbula ukuthi ngiyaphi. Kusukela ekamelweni lokudlela noma kuwo"