Kuyini logic: definition nemithetho

Logic - umqondo ahlukahlukene, ngokuqinile waba yingxenye yezimpilo zethu namasiko yokukhuluma. Kulesi sihloko, sizobe sesibheka kusuka Ngokombono ongokwesayensi, yini nala mazwi anengqondo. Incazelo, izinhlobo, imithetho logic nolwazi ezingokomlando kungasisiza kule.

izici Jikelele

Ngakho, liyini logic? Definition of anengqondo enezici kakhulu. NgesiGreki kusho "umqondo", "reason", "igama elithi" futhi "njalo". Incazelo enjalo yanamuhla umqondo isetshenziswa ezimweni ezintathu:

1. ubudlelwano Isikhundla namaphetheni sihlanganise izenzo zabantu noma izenzakalo emhlabeni umgomo. Ngalo mqondo, wayevame ukusebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi "ngokulandelana okunengqondo", "logic of amaqiniso", "logic of izinto" nokunye.
2. Isikhundla oda okuqinile futhi njalo inqubo yokucabanga. Kulokhu, bona, wasebenzisa izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi 'logic of yokucabanga "," logic of ukucabanga "," inkulumo logic "nokunye.
3. Ukuqokwa isayensi ekhethekile study amafomu okunengqondo kanye nemisebenzi, kanye nemithetho ehlobene abacabanga ngabo.

logic imisebenzi

Njengoba singabona, kunoma isiphi isimo, kungaba okungenani eyodwa izimpendulo eziningana ukuba lo mbuzo: "Kuyini logic?" Incazelo logic imisebenzi ivolumu kancane. Umsebenzi main - ukuze ukufika khona esiphelweni ngesisekelo nekucabangela abuye athole ulwazi ngale ndaba ka-agumenti, ukuya ujule ubuhlobo bakhe nezinye izici lomkhuba. Kunoma isayensi, omunye amathuluzi eyinhloko logic. Akukhona kuphela esigatshaneni ebalulekile ifilosofi, kodwa futhi kuhilela izifundo izibalo. "I-algebra logic" - ncazelo, eyaziwa emibuthanweni zezibalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa kudidaniswe algebra Izimiso eziphusile, okuyinto isisekelo computer science, kodwa ngempela kuyiqiniso.

logic lolungakahleleki

Ikakhulu oluthathwa zibe logic:

1. Lokungakahleleki.
2. Loluhlelekile.
3. Esingokomfanekiso.
4. Dialectic.

logic lokungakahleleki - Ukutadisha ukucabanga ngolimi lokuqala. Leli gama lihlanganisa inkulumo ezivame kakhulu kuleli ezincwadini nasemasikweni amaNgisi. Ngakho, umsebenzi oyinhloko logic lolungakahleleki - isifundo logic amaphutha inkulumo. Isiphetho elenziwe ngolimi yemvelo, ungaba okuqukethwe luyingxenye esisemthethweni uma ungakwazi ezibonisa ukuthi akekho omunye ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa yangasese umthetho jikelele.

logic letihlelekile naletingakahleleki ongokomfanekiso

Ukuhlaziya O, okwembula okuqukethwe esisemthethweni kakhulu, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi logic esisemthethweni. Kepha logic ongokomfanekiso, ke iveze ayekhulekela ongokomfanekiso athwebula isakhiwo esisemthethweni nikhuluma.

logic dialectical

logic Dialectical ibizwa ngokuthi isayensi ukucabanga, okunikeza ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokucabanga efinyelela esisemthethweni okukhipha amakhono. Kulokhu, umqondo logic ingasetshenziswa kokubili umuzwa ayo inengqondo futhi ngesimo isingathekiso ezithile.

ukucabanga Dialectical lisuselwe enxenyeni imithetho esisemthethweni logic. Nokho, ukuhlaziya Dynamics ushintsho ngokuya Ngokuphambene, ke uyavuma ukuqondana eziphikisanako, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ligxile imithetho dialectical.

logic into

Incazelo logic njengoba isayensi kusho ukuthi into yalo iyona womuntu nendlela ayecabanga ngayo. Ukucabanga kuyinto inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi multi-yabathintekayo, okusho kuveza generalized zezinto womuntu kanye nezimo zengqondo zezwe ezizungezile. Le nqubo ufundwa wesayensi ahlukahlukene: nefilosofi, Psychology, izakhi zofuzo, yezilimi cybernetics. Philosophy uyazicabangela umsuka kanye okushiwo ukucabanga kanye ukuhlonza bakhe nezwe impahla kanye nolwazi. izimo Psychology elawulwa umsebenzi evamile yokucabanga kanye nentuthuko yayo, kanye nomthelela wendawo ezungezile kubantu ukuthi imvelo. Ufuzo izimisele ekutadisheni ifa lokubonisa. Awezolimi ngifuna ukuhlobana kwemikhosi inkulumo ukucabanga. Nokho, ukuzama ukwakha imodeli cybernetics ubunjiniyela zobuchopho bomuntu nokucabanga. Umqondo kakhulu esifanayo abheke inqubo yokucabanga ngokuya isakhiwo yokucabanga, kanye zibonise ukwethembeka noma ukungathembeki yokucabanga, ukuphazanyiswa okuqukethwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa imibono.

logic of the isihloko

Isihloko kule ndawo yolwazi iwukuthi ifomu okunengqondo, ukusebenza ezihlobene nemithetho umcabango. Kungcono cabanga lodaba logic, ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokufunda indoda zomhlaba. Cognition yinqubo lapho umuntu eqhubeka efunda emhlabeni. Kunezindlela ezimbili kokuzuza ulwazi yilezi:

1. ulwazi yekucondza. Esebenzisa izinzwa noma amathuluzi.
2. ulwazi Rational. Esebenzisa ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya.

Imfundiso izinto yolwazi esekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela reflection. Ngokwalo mbono, ukwahlulela, izinto kanye izenzakalo zezwe umgomo kungathinta izinzwa womuntu futhi ziqinise umsebenzi ulwazi system yokudlulisela ebuchosheni, kanye ukuqinisa ubuchopho ngokwayo, okuholela ukucabanga kwabantu kudala izithombe lezi zinto ezifanayo kanye izenzakalo.

Umbono sezinzwa

indlela Sensual ibizwa ngokuthi ulwazi izakhiwo sangaphandle izinto ezithile kanye nezimo. Umbono Ukudideka kungenzeka amafomu ezintathu:

1. Sensation. Iveza izakhiwo ngabanye into.
2. Perception. Ukuzindla ngale ndaba iyonke, kuyindlela ephelele.
3. Ukumelwa. Lesi sithombe into egcinwe kumemori.

Ngesikhathi sigaba yolwazi okuqonda, umuntu akuyona bekulungele okushiwo izinto nezinqubo, izakhiwo zabo eziwumgogodla. The Little Prince of indzaba lefanako Exupery wathi: "Kuyini ebalulekile ayibonakali iso." Ingqondo noma ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya basisize izinzwa ezimweni ezinjalo.

ulwazi okunengqondo

Ikhono lokuhlaziya ibonisa ngokoqobo ngokuya izakhiwo eziyisisekelo kanye nobudlelwane. Ulwazi jikelele ngokusebenzisa ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya senzeka ngokungaqondile, hhayi ngqo. It akusho isikhalazo ukuze observation umkhuba, futhi kusekelwe ingxoxo okujule nakakhulu izakhiwo kanye nobudlelwane lezinto kanye izenzakalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinyathelweni lowo okonile angabadala kabusha isithombe yesehlakalo, izinga lokushisa ungabona ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani ngaphandle, nokunye.

Isici esibalulekile ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya ubuhlobo bayo obuseduze ulimi. Njalo nje uma ngicabanga senziwa ngosizo amagama nemisho, ukuphimisela i inkulumo yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle. Ukucabanga awugcini nje umuntu ukuchaza ezweni elisizungezile, kodwa futhi sisivumela ukuba zisungule imibono emisha, ayekhulekela, izibikezelo nokubona izinto kusengaphambili, okuwukuthi, ukuzixazulula imisebenzi eminingi enengqondo. Sencazelo "logic" futhi "ecabanga" kulo mongo kuyinto eduze ahlobene nomunye. Ukucabanga, kungakhathaliseki kuba abstract noma okunengqondo, kungavuka amafomu ezintathu eziyinhloko: umqondo, ukwahlulela kanye nezisekelo. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokwehlukana.

Umcabango

Kuyinto uhlobo ukucabanga, okuyiyona ndlela umuntu kudala engokwengqondo izinto, izici zabo nobudlelwano. Umqondo awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela definition. Kodwa imithetho izincazelo e logic sibheka kancane ephansi. Phakathi ukwakheka imiqondo ehilelekile ukuhlaziywa izimfuno zomuntu yesihloko yayo, ukuqhathanise kwezinye izinto, ukukhululwa izici zako ezisemqoka esiwuphawu, abstracting kusukela izici ze-non-ebalulekile futhi nje okungaqondile bezinto ezihlukeneko esekelwe lezizibonakaliso. Lokhu kudala imifanekiso engqondweni lezinto, izakhiwo zawo kanye nobudlelwane.

Concepts zidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini womuntu yobuchopho. Siyabonga kubo, ungakwazi afingqe lokho empeleni ukhona ngokuzimela. Ezweni umgomo ayikho into efana umfundi, osafunda, umabhalane, umsubathi, njll E., Ziyakwazi izithombe generalized ezingaba kuphela ezikhona emhlabeni ephelele, okungukuthi e umqondo womuntu.

Kumiswa imiqondo luvula kungenzeka kokuzuza ulwazi mayelana lezinto kanye izenzakalo ngesisekelo sezindawo eziyisisekelo isigaba lezinto ezifanayo noma izenzakalo. Mayelana nendlela umhlaba ubuyoba uma abantu akazange usebenze imiqondo e ukuxhumana nomunye, utshela Dzhonatan Svift e indaba yakhe Travels Gulliver sika. Ngokwale ndaba, sage kanye belulekwa abantu engxoxweni ungasebenzisi umqondo lezinto futhi izinto ngqo. Abaningi balandela izincomo zakhe, kodwa ukuze kahle ukukhuluma nomuntu othile, babefanele ukugqoka isikhwama ehlombe ngezinto ezahlukene. Yiqiniso, ingxoxo enjalo ne ukuboniswa lezinto, ngisho abanikazi izikhwama ezinkulu bekulokhu uyindlala.

Umqondo ngeke kube khona kungekho ncazelo. Incazelo sciences ezahlukene ingelashwa nge umehluko othize. Incazelo kwamagaa logic - yinqubo ukulungisa anencazelo ethile ngemuva igama elithile namalimi wemiphakathi. Enkabeni yalo, umqondo infinity, njengoba kuveza umqondo jikelele. Definition of course, ngoba kuwumphumela okunengqondo (elinengqondo) umsebenzi. Ngokusho Hegel, yencazelo ayihambisani the Absolute futhi kuhlobene nezinga ukusebenza. Umsebenzi wefilosofi iwukuba ukuhumusha imiqondo umaluju ngo ukususa Tincumo sokugcina.

Umqondo we incazelo. A kwencazelo imigomo amaphuzu anengqondo isenzo sokuthikameza ukuhlonza le incazelo. Ngakho, umqondo kungenziwa ngokuthi igama ngokusebenzisa indlela yokucabanga enengqondo wathola definition. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle ngokuchaza izwi akuyona umqondo, ngisho noma sandile. Chaza umqondo - kusho ukuchaza ukubaluleka kwayo, ukungeza wonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama eziyisisekelo. Futhi uma nikwenza lokho ngaphandle kwenkululeko uhlelo ulwazi oluthile ke, amaphutha kungavuka izincazelo. Umqondo ngesikhathi wonke umuntu, kahle indlela nokuqonda yegama. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngezihloko zefilosofi, kubalulekile ukuchaza umqondo.

Izinhlobo izincazelo e logic ethulwa kabanzi ngempela. Incazelo kuyinto: intensional, ngempela, axiomatic, ngokulinganisa, olusobala, ngokuphelele, zofuzo, zesimo, exhasa futhi ostensive.

ukwahlulela

Ngesisekelo imiqondo ngezinto abantu abakwazi ukuveza imibono yabo ngenhlonipho cabangela enze. Lokwahlulela wabhekisela uhlobo ukucabanga ngazo ukubhekana isihloko ukucabanga ukuthi kukhona siyamukelwa yini noma cha. Omunye ukwahlulela zingaba ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kusekelwe eqinisweni bonke abantu abafayo, singaphetha ngokuthi umufi - indoda. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa imiqondo, izahlulelo netiphetfo wonke umuntu angakwazi ukwenza amaphutha kokubili abazi futhi equlekile. Ukuze ugweme kubo, udinga ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo ukucabanga lesifanele.

Kahle ngokuthi ukucabanga, lapho ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela ulwazi lwakho lwamaqiniso entsha kweqiniso. umphumela ukucabanga okungalungile bangaba ulwazi njengoba amanga. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izitatimende ezimbili: "Uma u-Ivan bophezela nokuphanga - he is a lobugebengu" futhi "Ivan angawenzanga kunesigameko sokuphanga." Lokwahlulela "Ivan akuyona isigebengu", uzilungiselele ngesisekelo lolu lwazi kungase kube yinkohliso, njengoba yokuthi angawenzanga ngokuphanga, akusho ukuthi akazange enze hhayi namanye amacala.

okuqondiswayo

Ekhuluma ngokunemba iziphetho, abacwaningi bafuna iphumelele ngamalengiso kuphela nokulandela imithetho yokwakha yabo futhi interconnection. Kusekelwe le ncazelo imithetho logic njengoba isayensi yokucabanga. logic ehleliwe adonswa kusukela okuqukethwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa imibono. Nokho, igxila iqiniso noma falsity yale mibono. Lesi Sikhungo esivame ukubizwa indlela efanele ukucabanga ngokunengqondo, ne Ukugcizelelwa isihloko isayensi ukutadisha indlela ethile yokucabanga.

Umbuzo weqiniso noma falsity ukwahlulela netiphetfo - kuyindaba ukuhambisana noma okungathobeli abakushoyo, izwe umgomo. Isahlulelo kweqiniso elibanzi ibonisa eziyimbangela empeleni umgomo. ukwahlulela Amanga, kunalokho, ayihambisani ngokoqobo. Umbuzo lokho iqiniso nokuthi ulwazi okuqonda kuhlobene ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya, ayisekho wahlanganyela logic nefilosofi.

isiphetho

Namuhla sifundile nawe, okungukuthi logic. Incazelo yaleli mqondo capacious kakhulu futhi enezici, ihlanganisa indawo ebanzi ubuchwepheshe. ezihlukahlukene okunjalo ekhombisa sibonisa logic of ubuhlobo baso neminye imikhakha yesayensi, ezinye zazo ngempela izinto ezibonakalayo. Isihloko Sabuye saxoxa izici eziyinhloko yingqondo yomuntu: ukucabanga, ukwahlulelwa, imiqondo nezincazelo (ubuhlakani). Izibonelo zokuphila kwasisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono izinto.