Okukhulu okutholakele ezindawo ka uHerodotus: incazelo kanye nomlando

UHerodotus othiwa uyise womlando, wazalwa ngonyaka 484 BC e Halicarnassus (Nokho, lezi idatha unaudited, kanye usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa akukho ikholi eyodwa ehluleka). Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile, lokuthi wazalwa phakathi Izimpi WasePheresiya. Futhi abantu besikhathi kakhulu mayelana ngohambo lakhe laziwe. ukwaziswa okuningi mayelana abaseGibhithe, abaseFenike nezinye izizwe uyasala uHerodotus. okutholakele Geographical thina kafushane ngani kulesi sihloko.

Umsuka uHerodotus

Wazalelwa Halicarnassus umfana kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe kokubukela indlela echwebeni lemikhumbi abezayo nabahambayo ezivela emazweni akude. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu luye lwashukumisa kumuntu kuye abanothando emazweni nhlobo, ngohambo nokwatholakala. Esemusha kwakudingeka ahambe ezweni elincane ekulweni ngobushiqela, Nokho, okuyinto, wasungulwa lapha. Wayephila okuncane Samos, ngonyaka 464 ithunyelwa uhambo lwakho eside isihambi uHerodotus, ukuvumbulula ezindawo okuzokwenza umnikelo omkhulu isayensi.

UHerodotus eBhabhiloni

Ancient omangalisayo dolobha yase-Asiriya, elikhulu loMfula i-Ewufrathe - yiBabiloni. Njengoba waqala uhambo yayo indoda enkulu. Umuzi uzungezwe umsele futhi okuqinile double isitini izindonga. Streets, omasha ngokuqinile njengombusi oyisehluleki, yagcwalisa indlu ezintathu noma ezine izibuya. Ugandelela nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu isikhathi isihambi queens Netoktidy neBabiloni. Amadamu, ngenkasa emiseleni, ibhuloho - konke elalizokwakhiwa e yaseBhabhiloni, sibonga abesifazane abahlakaniphile. Yini okulandiswa uHerodotus ezindawo okutholakele ehambisana nale ndawo?

Ngokuvamile, wakhuluma ngenhlonipho we isiko aseMpumalanga lasendulo, ungakhohlwa nekubaluleka kwalo isiko zezwe lasendulo. UHerodotus wavula Imininingwane kunazo zonke emhlabeni mayelana nabantu abaphila endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Tien Shan futhi Turkmenistan (Sogd, sahah, areyah nokunye).

okutholakele Geographical ka uHerodotus eNdiya

Nakuba e-Asiriya, isihambi wezwa okuningi ezweni elingaziwa yeNdiya. ukuqoshwa yakhe ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe babe nesithakazelo esikhulu. Ngokusho uHerodotus, ulwazi lokuqala mayelana ekhoneni ezingaziwa ithole uDariyu inkosi, lapho ethuma izikhonzi zakhe ukuphenya indlela emlonyeni Indus baze bafika eLwandle Olubomvu.

Lapha vodilos ezihlukahlukene enkulu izinyoni futhi elikhanyayo, izilwane ezinkulu futhi izitshalo emangalisayo. AmaGreki langaleso sikhathi laliwumfuziselo sibalo engaziwa. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "? Uyini ukutholakala ezindawo eyenziwe uHerodotus eNdiya" Kungenziwa waphendula ngale ndlela: wanika amaGreki cereal entsha okunomsoco - irayisi. Ngavele ngabhalisa okuyinto eyangimangaza kuye, futhi "isithelo uvolo" - ukotini. Mayelana nabantu yezwe, wabhala ukuthi abantu bakhona bakhuluma nezilimi ezahlukene, kukhona Kubantu abayimizulane kanye umzimba, futhi wonke ehlukene: othile wahlanganyela ukudoba, kuyilapho abanye bondliwe utshani kuphela.

Yiziphi eziye zatholakala ezindawo eyenziwe uHerodotus e ISCYTHIA?

Ukukhuluma ngezinto eziye zatholakala lezihambi kuleli zwe, kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ungowokuqala wanikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yokuphila, imikhuba namasiko ISCYTHIA. Ngaphambi uHerodotus, amaSkithe babe cishe lutho waziwa. Ngakho njengoba usosayensi owazalwa bekhwela izintaba kanye anolaka, it is kakhulu umxhwele iqiniso ukuthi amaSkithe - enkulu ethafeni ocebile enhlabathini evundile chernozem. Isimo sezulu yezwe emangala uHerodotus, kwabonakala sengathi ebusika lapha ihlala izinyanga okungenani eyisishiyagalombili. Uhlala ku incazelo insimu ka emfuleni: Istra, Tyra Borisphen nokunye. Umsebenzi wakhe ku izizwe zakwa ISCYTHIA kwadingeka ababephila ngesikhathi esibalulekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, it kuqinisekiswa imivubukulo uzibophezele esikhathini sethu. UHerodotus echazwe amasiko kweqiniso namasiko ezinye izizwe, mathupha kubo. Ikakhulukazi nesithakazelo izinkomo-zizalela ayimizulane kwezizwe zakhe, ngoba indlela yabo yokuphila kwakuvamile ukuba amaGreki. Sichazwe ngokucacile isihambi amacebo empi amaSkithe ethanda. Yayikwazi ashona ngaphambi amabutho abahlaseli, awayengele insimu ukhululekile futhi kuphela bese uvula ulwa lesi sikhundla esinemali.

UHerodotus eGibhithe

Egypt savusa ilukuluku isihambi omkhulu ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi amazwe avakashelwe ngaphambilini. Yena emelela inhlanganisela ephelele lwesifundo nomlando kuso. UHerodotus okutholakele ezindawo eyenziwe wona eGibithe zazibaluleke kakhulu ngoba Greece ngaleso sikhathi. izikhukhula Nile yamshaya, waphonsa zonke izimpi zawo ukuba impendulo izimfihlo zakhe.

Traveller nesazi-mlando, washiya incazelo yokuqala kwabaseGibhithe, ukuphila kwabo futhi ezisunguliwe engavamile. Ikakhulukazi waphawula emsebenzini wakhe yena ukuxhumanisa izilwane nabantu, okuyinto awuzange waphawula eGreece. inkontileka olusobala, ebiyelwe nge cat waseGibhithe, ingwenya, Inkonde isuke Emangazwe uHerodotus. Noma kunjalo, ukunaka kakhulu akhokhe ekutadisheni amanzi angcwele iNayile. exhunyiwe kakhulu esiqhingini sakhe Elephantine, lapho "Nilometer". kahle Isilinganiso enezindonga wenza egwadle, ixhunywe emfuleni idivayisi ekhethekile. On the amabhodi, okuye fixed kakhulu ngokuqinile imakwe ezingeni amanzi eMfuleni iNayile. Ngemva kokubuyela e-kulesi siqhingi, isihambi enquma ukuthumela Libya.

Ukugxekwa imibono esidlule

UHerodotus ngaya emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuze uthole isipiliyoni khulu ngesikhatheso. Wayengase agxeke imibono ubudala zomhlaba. Lezi uhambo lomkhumbi yokutholakala uHerodotus nakho kubalulekile!

AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi wonke owakhiwe ezweni has simise isiyingi. UHerodotus refutes lokhu kahle. Wabuye wathi mass ezweni akudingekile ukwehlukana waba izingxenye ezintathu, futhi umngcele lokufeza phezu nemifula emikhulu. Abelana Europe, Asia le Libya (okwakukhona umehluko omkhulu ngokuya labantu kanye nesimo sendawo), wasikisela hhayi yimifula kugcizelelwa kokubaluleka, Tanais, okwamanzi omfula, uLwandle iMedithera, ePhontu futhi Metaide. Ukuhamba emhlabeni amazwe emhlabeni, usosayensi uziphikile lezi umqondo amaGreki ukuthi izwe disk emise on the imiphetho liyaphuma, kodwa phakathi no-ushona.

Ngemva kokufunda imisebenzi ku geography kanye nomlando, eyabhalwa uHerodotus ngesiGreki, ayikwazi phansi umnikelo wakhe kakhulu isayensi! Traveller njengoba elinye lamaphayona eyinhloko isikhathi sakhe. Waqoqa ulwazi olwalukhona ngezwe umsebenzi owodwa, okwethulwa besikhathi begodu izincazelo nezizwe eziningi kanye indlela yabo yokuphila namasiko. UHerodotus waba umlandeli we uStrabo okukhulu.