Izinhlobo izichazamazwi - zisetshenziselwa lokho oyikho nalokho

Ngokusho ososayensi (zezilimi futhi psiholinvisty), ukuphila kwansuku zonke umuntu ovamile "amabombo" ulahlekile mayelana namagama ayinkulungwane. Nokho, uhlelo lwamagama abaMhlophe abafundile imayelana eziyishumi ukuze ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili. Kuyinto kokusebenza, ngenkathi ukwazi nokuqonda singakwazi amazwi amaningi mayelana ezimbili izikhathi ezimbili nesigamu. Kepha njengoba masinyane njengoba usuke egxile kunoma iyiphi okukhethekile, nolwazi umkhakha, isihloko - yebo ngisho ijezi noma ngokunciphisa - idinga futhi ethize kule wemboni izindlela yokukhuluma. Futhi uma siqhubeka okwadingeka abhekane nabo imibhalo - sisanda kudingeka izinhlobo ahlukahlukene izichazamazwi. Izazi zolimi futhi abahumushi inomkhuba usebenzisa izincwadi ezinjalo - kungcono okukhethekile yabo. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo izinhlobo izichazamazwi - ngokuyinhloko izilimi ezimbili ngezilimi - akunika izwi ukuhunyushelwa ezilimini owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kukhona selulwimi lunye, futhi thesauri, futhi izichazamazwi kunanoma iyiphi ethile. Kwenta sibonelo, emagama angaphandle, etymological (zichaza imvelaphi amathokheni), smart. Zonke izinhlobo izichazamazwi of isiRashiya ngisho nezindaba ezinzima kubala. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi limelela igama elithile noma umqondo, kufanele usebenzise izinto ezinengqondo (isib, ukuhlelwa noma Ozhegova Dahl) noma encyclopedic isichazamazwi.

Nokho, hhayi wonke amagama kungafakwa ezincwadini ezinjengethi: isibonelo, abakwazi aqukethe amagama akhethekile kakhulu. Kulokhu, lezi zinhlobo izichazamazwi, equkethe ekhethekile (yezokwelapha, yezobuchwepheshe, zezibalo) imigomo. A ukubaluleka tisho - kahle, okungenani "pigeonhole" noma "ukudla inja" - sizokwenza ukuhlola isichazamazwi phraseology. Isikhathi esining impela lwemibhalo ezinjalo kudingeka kubahumushi eqanjiwe futhi nje ukutadisha olunye ulimi. Phela, uma e isisho lwabo lwendabuko kucace umongo, isiZulu noma-German ngeke bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi leli gama, esaziwa value.

Kukhona futhi okuthiwa izinhlobo "reverse" izichazamazwi - uma izwi ngokuvamile bahlela alfabhethi izinhlamvu zokuqala, yesibili futhi okwalandela ke isibonelo, imvumelwano isichazamazwi uyisiphetho amazwi kulandzelana nekuhlunga iya kolunye uhlangothi.

Uma sikhuluma izichazamazwi of isiRashiya, izinhlobo zazo zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kumelwe kushiwo mayelana nobuningi, futhi izichazamazwi semantic. Lezi Abaqondisi pogruppirovany amazwi by imvamisa yokusetshenziswa noma amaqembu thematic: kusuka nucleus (ebaluleke kakhulu endabeni amathokheni) ukuze azungeze.

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo izichazamazwi, efana isipelingi - angasetshenziswa ukuhlola isipelingi igama, wamemezela ukuthi - okuyinto ihlolwe umsindo kanye pronunciation, dialectic (noma lesifunda), okuyinto eqoqwe futhi wachaza isichazamazwi ezicacisiwe amaqembu indawo (okubizwa ngokuthi izilimi zezigodi). Neologisms, amazwi esiphelelwe - okungukuthi, labo ongayo muva langena olimini futhi ongakabi kahle noma ungazange usebenzise - emelelwa izichazamazwi olufanele (historicism, amazwi esiphelelwe isikhathi, amagama amasha). Ekugcineni, futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo izichazamazwi ukuthi kukhona umbhali ethize okudala noma imbongi, ngamazwana echaza imininingwane ukusebenzisa kwayo amagama athile. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, "Dictionary of Pushkin Ulimi", "Dictionary of imisebenzi esenina" nabanye.