Uphi Arctic, e-Antarctic futhi Antarctica: umehluko oyinhloko futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Likuphi Arctic nase-Antarctic? Futhi umehluko phakathi kulezi zifunda Earth ukuphelela komunye nomunye? Lo mbuzo udida abantu abaningi, ngisho noma ngenxa kanembeza wafunda geography esikoleni. Phendula kuyokusiza athikili yethu.

Ngokungafani Arctic Antarctic

Zithandwa imfumbe kwendawo sifundeka kanje: "? Ingabe amabhere udle penguins" Ubuchopho omdala ngokushesha uqala ukwakha uchungechunge okunengqondo endleleni yokucabanga. Kumemori ukuntanta izithombe zesikole, lapho nezinye izilwane kuboniswe ngemuva ice angunaphakade ezinzima ebusika namathafa. Indoda ecabanga ngakho: amabhere - kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye penguins - izinyoni kunalokho Clumsy laliba isisulu esilula. Ngenxa yalokho, owokuqala kufanele bajabule ukuzitika yesibili.

Nokho, akunjalo! Akuwona wonke ukuqagela ukuthi lezi zilwane zasendle ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuhlangabezana, ngoba bahlala ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Omunye wabo - Arctic, futhi enye - Antarctica. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubone nomunye bakwazi kukhule kunoma zoo.

Likuphi Arctic Antarctica - futhi lokhu Kuzoxoxwa. Yiziphi izici bemvelo, isimo sezulu kanye nezwe eziphilayo kulezi zindawo?

Uphi Arctic? Incazelo emfushane endaweni

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Arctic, e-Antarctic futhi Antarctica? Zama ukuqonda le nkinga womhlaba.

Uphi Arctic emhlabeni? Ngayiphi ingxenye yezwe udinga ulifune?

Ekuqaleni, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi umhlaba wethu has izigxobo ezimbili, okuyinto iphambene ngokuphelele nomunye - omhlaba, eliseNyakatho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthola indlela yabo, lapho-Arctic, futhi lapho - Antarctica.

Ngakho, e-Arctic - esifundeni polar Zomhlaba, ngokuqondile ezakhelene North Pole ke. Ayisebenzi ihlanganisa ne-Arctic Ocean, esenyakatho umngcele zasePacific Atlantic izilwandle. Ukuze-Arctic futhi zihlanganisa ohlangothini Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, kanye iziqhingi eziningi.

Kwesinye isikhathi ngokomzimba nokuma kwezwe vumelekile esifundeni umkhawulo eningizimu ye-Arctic Circle. Area indawo, kuye ngokuthi ubambe walo oseningizimu-21 no-27 izigidi ezingu amakhilomitha square.

Manje uyazi lapho Arctic. Yayiyini ukuthuthukiswa yomuntu wakhe? Futhi lapho kwaqala?

Umlando yokunqotshwa Arctic North Pole

Arctic uhlalwe kudala. Lokhu kufakazelwa uyathola eziningi nemivubukulo. Ngakho, umuntu uqala ukuvela ogwini Arctic Ocean eminye iminyaka eyinkulungwane 30 edlule. Nokho, kamuva isiqalo sakhe ukudonsa enyakatho. Kwakukhona futhi nemiphefumulo abanesibindi abafisa ukuba anqobe Pole.

isifundo esijulile futhi esihleliwe endaweni baqala engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke wamazwe polar wesikhathi kubhekwe Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen. Ikakhulukazi, wenza umlando ngokuba ngowokuqala kwaba bakwazi ukunqamula Greenland ice cap - isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1889.

Robert Piri - elinye igama zomkhaya ezibalulekile emlandweni ukuhlola Arctic. Ngo 1908-1909, wahlela uhambo okuyinto zafika okokuqala North Pole. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, inhloso yalo mkhankaso kwaba kuphela kuleli rekhodi. Ayikho uhambo yesayensi akazange ucwaningo.

7 amaqiniso okumangazayo-Arctic

I-Arctic - isifunda emangalisayo igcwele izimfihlo, izimfihlakalo zemvelo engavamile. Ngezansi kukhona amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngakho:

• Izwe organic ye-Arctic, yize isimo sezulu nokhahlo kangaka, bacebe ngokwanele. Huge ice endaweni ezinabantu abaningi by amabhere, izimpungushe, lemmings, reindeer, eziningi zezinyoni kanye nezinye izilwane. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngisho iqhude evamile!
• I-Arctic abathi amalungelo abo njengezizalwane ezifundazwe ezinhlanu, kuhlanganise naseRussia;
• eshalofini Arctic, ngokuvumelana eseduze izilinganiso ososayensi efihla amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100 uwoyela negesi;
• Bangu-50 million edlule, isimo sezulu Arctic kwaba onomoya omnene kakhulu. Amanzi e-Arctic Ocean ngalezo zinsuku ehlobo sekuqala ukufudumala kuya ku- + 15 ... 18 degrees!
• I-Arctic - endaweni Zomhlaba, okuyinto abasethubeni lokuthola i inqubo global yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke;
• Ugwadule akuyona kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa futhi e-Arctic. lapha kuphela zibizwa ngokuthi Arctic;
• Uhambo lokuqala kakhulu phezu kwamanzi Arctic yasendulo yesiGreki uPytheas eyenziwe IV ekhulwini BC.

Antarctica, kanye Antarctica - bangaphi labo abakumangalelayo?

Antarctica zokuma kwendawo ngokuthi ezifundazweni eziseningizimu polar Zomhlaba, esemgwaqweni ngakolunye uhlangothi planethi kusukela e-Arctic. Kuhlanganisa ezwekazini omkhulu - lase-Antarctica futhi ichopho eliseningizimu ye-Pacific, Atlantic ne-Indian Ocean (izazi abaningi bezinye izizwe ziye zakhomba kule ndawo namanje okwesihlanu Umhlaba Ocean - South).

Umngcele enyakatho ne-Antarctic kuyinto ezivamile. Ngokuvamile wenziwa kanye onqenqemeni elintantayo ice maqembu (phakathi 50-55 degrees eningizimu-latitude). Ngakho, leyo ndawo ingqikithi Antarctic kakhulu kunokujwayelekile-Arctic, futhi cishe abayizigidi ezingu-60 amakhilomitha square.

Antarctica, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuba nezwekazi wesithupha iplanethi enguMhlaba - le eningizimu futhi enomoya.

History of the ukutholakala kanye Ukuhlolwa Antarctica

Kakade ekhulwini XVIII, abantu bacabanga ukuthi eningizimu iplanethi yethu kukhona ucingo kwelinye izwekazi. Eyokuqala wayofuna kuye Dzheyms Awe-Kuk e 1775. Phakathi circumnavigation yakhe, wahamba phezu kuya engaqondakali "Wik Land" nisondelene kokuvula South Sandwich Islands.

Ukutholakala lase-Antarctica wawuba ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1820 ngesikhathi uhambo amatilosi Russian Bellingshausen futhi M. P. Lazareva. Emva kwalokho, i Imivubukulo eminingi etholakale kanye nokuhlela wezilwandle ezahlukene, iziqhingi nezwe e-Antarctica.

Ngo-1911, ababili nje uhambo (owodwa eholwa uRoald Amundsen, elinye - Robert Scott) waya anqobe-South Pole. Kodwa inhlanhla ingenye amaqembu daredevils yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba kuphela. Disemba 14, 1911, Amundsen wathola isigxobo at ifulege Norwegian. uhambo iqembu Scott kwakufinyelela ilitshe izinsuku ezingu-27 kamuva, elimalungu awo onke babulawa ziyabuya.

Lase-Antarctica has eside amaminerali isisetshenziswa ezingaba khona. Nokho, amazwe emhlabeni yasayina isivumelwano ku "bangasephula" zaleli zwekazi kuya yembathani 2048.

7 amaqiniso okumangazayo Antarctica

Sikunikeza 7 amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Antarctica Antarctic:

• Antarctica - nezwekazi enomoya planethi. Eminyakeni engu-80 izinga lokushisa ephansi Emhlabeni (-89 ° C) sabhalwa eSoviet polar "Vostok" esiteshini;
• Antarctica - futhi nezwekazi esiphezulu iplanethi (ngokuyinhloko ngenxa omkhulu ice cap, okuyinto kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela ukushuba 1-1.5 km);
• Antarctica iyona ezinomoya kakhulu futhi endaweni driest Emhlabeni (futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iqukethe-70% lamanzi omhlaba ahlanzekile aqukethwe);
• Antarctica - nezwekazi kuphela ngaphandle labantu unomphela;
• Ngo-Antarctica, ikhaya nohlobo eziyisithupha penguins. Phakathi kwabo - penguins umbusi, okuyinto zihlukaniswa yisayizi ezinkulu;
• Kusukela izingqimba zeqhwa e-Antarctica ngezikhathi ezithile ngiwunqamule nezixhobo yeqhwa emikhulu. Enye yalezi kwamiswa ngo-2000, waya ukubhukuda khulula. Ubude baso bafinyelela km 300!
• Ngo-Antarctic, akukho lag jet. Ososayensi ngokuhlala lapha uhlala ngesikhathi uthi abo.

Arctic nase-Antarctic Museum

Ingabe uyazi lapho amagugu esizwe e-Arctic nase-Antarctic? Abantu abaningi abawazi ukuba khona kwaleso sikhungo. It kuvela kukhona Museum ezinjalo!

Itholakala edolobheni Petersburg, ekwakheni yangaphambili St Nicholas Isonto Common Ukholo (emgwaqweni Marat, 24a). Ngo-1930 isonto savalwa futhi uvule lesi Museum engavamile phakathi kwezingange zalo. Wavele wethula izivakashi umlando nokuthuthukiswa ekuhloleni Arctic nase-Antarctic.

Lo mbukiso izici igiya polar, amathuluzi esiyingqayizivele, izithombe ezingavamile, onobuhle Imikhumbi icebreakers, kanye imidwebo eminingi esibonisa isimo sasendle esibi ezindaweni ezikuma-pole Zomhlaba.

Ekuphetheni

Uphi Arctic, e-Antarctic futhi Antarctica? Manje ungaphendula kalula lo mbuzo nokubonisa endaweni eshiwo ngaphezulu yembulunga. Naphezu kwebanga ezinkulungwane amakhilomitha phakathi Arctic Antarctic, kukhona kuningi ezifana ngakho siphakathi kwabo. Kuzo zombili izingxenye planethi abandayo kakhulu, kukhona eziningi iqhwa, iqhwa kanye zeqhwa, futhi cishe azikho izimila.