Oda Diptera: izici jikelele, abameleli, ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Futhi emathafeni ase-nasehlane, nanomaphi amagumbi omhlaba yizinambuzane ezivamile Diptera oda. Abameleli lo mkhaya aziwa izwe kusukela ngesikhathi kwesikhathi Jurassic. Annoying izimpukane, okuhlabayo omiyane ngokuqinisekile akukho sihambi kuwo wonke umuntu.

Diptera oda: izici jikelele

Diptera abizwa ngokuthi izilwane ezilwane ezingenamgogodla okuqondene ekilasini izinambuzane, isici okuyinto khona pair nakanye amaphiko futhi ukutholakala egcwele ngenze ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu. On incazelo enjalo cishe zonke umuntu efunda ngemva kokufunda "Biology" incwadi. Diptera - liphinde lamabutho, okuyindawo ehlanganisa imindeni engaphezu kweyodwa namashumi amahlanu kanye ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zinhlobo izinambuzane. ukuthandwa Special has izintwala, omiyane, izimpukane, horseflies.

Ososayensi bangabanye Diptera uyisilwane esihlala emphakathini, kodwa kukhona izimo ezingavamile lapho abameleli lamabutho yakha iphakethe. Ngokuvamile lesi simo, ngenxa yokuba khona i ukunambitheka ezikhangayo ukudla, indawo elula zensimu sokukhwelana noma baphumule.

Kodwa isabelo eyinhloko izinambuzane ezimbili ezinamaphiko uthanda khona ngedwa. Ngamunye wabo sidlula umjikelezo ezithile, okuyinto etholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa ku ngokugcwele ngabanye ukuze Diptera. Abamele squad ekuqaleni at esiteji amaqanda, bese ususa ibe isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye kulandelwa kuphela ke omdala.

Enkundleni lichinistoy umzimba ngamanye afana isibungu ngaphandle imilenze. izindebe kuphela emzimbeni yabo yimfundo unsegmented ku esiswini. Futhi, bona zinezikhathi khona mouthparts. I abadala omdala akwazi kuphela ehlala wezasemoyeni. Izibungu kulokhu ukhetho. Ziyakwazi ukhululekile futhi enhlabathini bese emanzini futhi izidumbu zezitshalo nezilwane. Imago, okuqondene Diptera oda, zidla umpe nempova. Ziyakwazi okuzingela futhi igazi-oncelayo.

Oda Diptera: ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Izibungu kanye nabamele omdala, amalungu squad ukungezwani ezicacile e isakhiwo yokwakheka bokuphila. kuqiniswa zizalela inkathi eziningi izinambuzane ezimbili ezinamaphiko sihamba lula. Ngokuvamile, abesilisa esekulungele ukuzalela, ukudala uhlobo uswebezane umsindo elikwaziyo ukuyengela kwabesifazane abaningi.

I share eyinhloko Diptera kuyinto egglayers. Kodwa ngokwemvelo kukhona izimpukane bavame ovoviviparity. Kulokhu, isinambuzane kubeka iqanda, okuyinto izindlu ekugcineni kwakhiwa izibungu dipterous. Ngemva ukuchamisela, masinyane uqale ukucubungula imisebenzi ebaluleke kangaka njengoba okunomsoco.

Futhi, kukhona izimpukane, uyakwazi lokuzalwa bukhoma. Kulokhu, kukhona ezimbili izinguqulo imiphumela yezenzakalo. Ngesikhathi instar isibungu lokuqala okuzelwe, esidinga ukuba isikhathi esithile ku ukudla, e isibungu yesibili okuzelwe ezilungele pupation.

Futhi Diptera ukukhiqizwa kabusha kungenzeka isinyathelo lichinistoy. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi pedogenesis. Kusekelwe nokuvuthwa cishe ezingaphansi ayisithupha izibungu ku paedogenetic umzimba. Ingane izibungu ziyaphuma ngokusebenzisa unokungaxhumani cover umzali. Lokuzaliswa e izimo ezikahle, okuvumela izinambuzane ngaphakathi Diptera oda, ukuyeka ukuba 10 isizukulwane esisha ngonyaka.

izimpawu kwangaphandle abadala Diptera

Ukuze abadala osayizi Diptera - imago - ukufinyelela phakathi amabili nanhlanu amasentimitha ubude. wesimethri Bilateral isici isici esihlukanisa kusuka kwamanye ama-Diptera oda. Nemilenze ezibekwe phezu umzimba ku esiswini e inani amabhangqa amathathu. Shona Diptera isici ezahlukene imikiswe Umumo omkhulu kwakwakhe amehlo, elise nhlangothi zombili.

I share ezinkulu zalezi abameleli uye abancela mouthparts. Ngaphezu kwalokho lihlangabezana nokuhlalisana-Licking kudutshulwa-oncelayo. Ezinye mouthparts nezibawu kuyinto ampofu. Front amaphiko membranous enamathiselwe ngoba mesothorax. Ziyakwazi athuthukile kangcono futhi bakhulise kukhona iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha indiza. Ipheya amaphiko esimenza abone into engemuva e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo uthethe ifomu haltere clavate ziphenduka isitho ngokulingene. Imilenze e inani amabhangqa amathathu ukuthuthela kude isifuba isinambuzane ngokufaka oda Diptera. Nemilenze umphelelisi amaswidi kanye claws. Kuyinto yobukhona babo ivumela izinambuzane ukuhambisa kanye indiza mpo.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe uketshezi lomzimba abamele oda Diptera izenzo hemolymph. Enkabeni yalo, ketshezi kufana igazi izilwane ephakeme. I Diptera oda libhekene uhlelo evulekile kwegazi. Okungukuthi, wonke amalungu hemolymph nabo izitho zangaphakathi. On kususwa udonga lwangemuva ngalo ingaphakathi esifubeni, nomele kungokwalabo Diptera oda, uye uqweqwe bese ohlangene amaphiko isitsha. Eqinisweni, nguye owenza umsebenzi inhliziyo. Ukuze ukuphefumula ngesikhathi isinambuzane umzimba kuqhoqhoqho wemfanelo. ukudluliselwa negesi izinqubo kwenziwe ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Kukhona omningi kuqhoqhoqho useduze elikuyi-aorta. Ama-oda Diptera izinambuzane nakho libhekene khona zobuchopho.

Indima ngokwemvelo

izinambuzane eziningi kakhulu e-Diptera oda, ungakulimaza impilo yabantu noma yezilwane. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abameleli ezifana omiyane, izimpukane, omiyane, horseflies futhi fly ezinzile, bavame ukuba sikhuthazelele zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kukhona abantu abaningana abangela umonakalo ezitshalweni, ngesikhathi esigabeni elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Kuleli zinga, ngokuvamile basuke yisinanakazana emzimbeni womuntu futhi emzimbeni kwezilwane. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, iletha izinzuzo abameleli Diptera we lamabutho, impova izitshalo nomhlabathi-oyibamba. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo izinambuzane ezimbili ezinamaphiko, okuyizinto shredders ngoba yokulima.

Angamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-Diptera ehlangana zibe amaqembu amaningana:

• omiyane esithwalwa okuhlabayo;
• tolstonozhki futhi mycetophilidae;
• izimpukane inundu;
• crane-fly;
• lvink;
• xylophagidae;
• horseflies;
• Sharovka;
• Gorbatka;
• hoverflies;
• umquba kanye Izimpukane;
• nezibawu futhi tahini.

Izimpukane

Ingabe Izimpukane umndeni izimpukane samanje. Ziyakwazi abanikazi ephilayo commensal ukuthi manje cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngokwemvelo. Ngamunye uphapheme lolu hlobo advantageously suku. fly sakhiwo amehlo ezinkulu faceted amnyama abomvu. Kanye ubude uqobo esingaphansi amamilimitha angu eziyisishiyagalombili. Umbala umzimba salo ezimpunga isici black imivimbo longitudinal phezu kwesifuba. Esiswini ezansi uba nombala aphuzi.

Isakhiwo izimpukane zesifazane, Kuthi ezahlukene ezitshalweni zohlobo besilisa. Okokuqala baye bandisa ibanga phakathi emehlweni. Okwesibili, nabesifazane makhulu ngosayizi. Ezimbizeni izimpukane eyinqaba mouthparts Licking-abancela. Kule ndaba, bona abakwazi prokusyvanie isikhumba futhi igazi abancela. Ukudla bathatha uketshezi kuphela. Endabeni ukudla okuqinile engayitholi banayo i-inqubo ukukhiqiza usuhlakazekile umshado siqu e ngamathe.

Mpukane evamile inkathi yokuphila ixhomeke endleleni lokushisa imvelo kwendawo yayo. Endaweni elilungile kanye lokushisa ziyaguquguquka esifundeni degrees amabili nane Celsius, kungaba ukuphila ngokuvumelana nezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Ngokusho indlela ukuveza Izimpukane oviparous. Ngesikhathi, omunye umuntu ongabeka kuze kufinyelele amaqanda namashumi amabili. umjikelezo ukuguqulwa beqeda.

omiyane

Kungenjalo, bebizwa omiyane. Basonta Nematocera iqembu. Okuphakelayo for ijusi nompe izitshalo eziningi. Abaningi idivayisi temlomo Futhi wenzelwe ukunikeza izingane ibhoboze isikhumba futhi ncela igazi. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zokudla liwumthombo obalulekile kakhulu yamandla ezikhungweni zokuphehla isinambuzane.

Omiyane mncane umzimba ubude nane ngamasentimitha. Futhi, bona zinezikhathi nemilenze eside kaJesu, amaphiko cishe okusobala. Umzimba Color kubo grey, ophuzi noma ensundu. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene omiyane oluhlaza paunchy noma emnyama.

esiswini side sehlukaniswe izingxenye eziyishumi. Isakhiwo eyinqaba omiyane wukuthi esifubeni kancane ebanzi kuka esiswini. On the amathiphu imilenze banayo i-pair yama izimpiko. Wings omiyane zibe maholoholo kanye nezimpondo ihlukene. Thayipha mouthparts - ukubhoboza oncelayo.

Isici esiphawulekayo besifazane kuyinto lezi isikhathi eside uthunge bristles. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi isinambuzane akuniké trubochkovidnaya udebe lwangezansi. It efihla ngemuva mouthparts wakhe. Futhi kule bay kukhona emihlathini eziningana, okuvumela omiyane angena imbobo isikhumba. Ngemva kuqhuma ke singena phakathi lezi imbobo lapho encela igazi. Ekuthuthukisweni yayo, zonke Omiyane umjikelezo full yokuphila kusuka amaqanda ukuze omdala.

horseflies

Emndenini Diptera ebalulekile elalihlala horseflies. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ubheke kubo kuze korotkousyh suborder. Ngokubukeka zinjengodonga izimpukane, emikhulu kuphela. Sinenkosi isiqu esinamanzi ebukhali futhi okuqinile sharps stilettos. Izimpondo horseflies aphume ashone phambili futhi yakhiwa izingxenye ezine. Amehlo abo makhulu futhi ezimibalabala. Isakhiwo mouthparts zihlanganisa mandibles, imihlathi, izindebe engenhla futhi udebe lwangezansi kanti podglotochnik nge izindwani ezinkulu.

Thanda Diptera kakhulu, horseflies kukhona egglayers. Ngesikhathi Iqanda esiteji, banayo ifomu eside futhi umbala grey, omnyama noma ompofu. Ukuvula zibe izibungu, bona kukhanye futhi abe fusiform. izimpukane Chrysalis zifana kakhulu iziphungumangathi butterfly. Lesi sangoma main esiphelweni ayizindawo kokudla.

abadala besifazane isinambuzane ngokuvamile odla negazi lezilwane esinegazi elifudumele. Abesilisa uncamela ukutshala umpe. Ngesinye isikhathi insikazi ongabeka kuze kufinyelele amaqanda eziyinkulungwane. Kwenqwaba zokuphila horseflies eyenziwa wezasemoyeni, flying bekhwela futhi izinto ezihlukahlukene.

nasibawu

Eqinisweni, nezibawu - konke izimpukane efanayo. Basuke izimpawu usayizi ophansi. izibungu zabo ziyisiliva indlela yisinanakazana wokuphila e ezincelisayo. Kukhona amacala lapho betholakala abantu ngesimo myiasis. Nezibawu kukhona ukuguqulwa okuphelele, ngaphambi kokuba imago. Lezi zinambuzane ezinamaphiko usebenzise umjikelezo ogcwele ukuguqulwa esikhaleni ongama sesilwane cishe elilodwa ngonyaka.

Isici esibalulekile salo abadala ukungabi nezidingo zokudla okwakha umzimba. Iqiniso ukuthi, njengoba isibungu, buthelela lemali edingekayo izakhi, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto eyenzeka ngo esigabeni omdala. Ngokuvamile, imago uhlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwangamashumi amabili. Phakathi ukhona, nje leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa yesithathu esisindo somzimba.

Ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa nasibawu kwenzeka minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ngemva besilisa ivundisa zesifazane, ngokushesha uya beyofuna isilwane efanelekayo amaqanda. Iningi okungcono endaweni yabo enodonga ezithambile esiswini, imbilapho kanye phambi ethangeni wesilwane. Kukhona esiswini, futhi besisu nezibawu ongama. Yibona abasengozini enkulu kukhona amahhashi, izimbuzi, izimvu, izimbongolo kanye nezinkomo.

izimpukane inundu

Moth izimpukane, noma Diptera izimvemvane basonta suborder Nematocera. Empeleni, lokhu izinsensane amancane, ukuba usayizi usuku olulodwa kuya kwangu. Ngokubukeka ziyafana izimvemvane ezincane kakhulu futhi ubeke izinto ngononina. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange engaba izinkulungwane ezintathu zilwane. izimpukane Moth atholakala kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. ezihlukahlukene zabo eziyinhloko ukubonwa emazweni CIS. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela wezibawu inundu uthanda ehlala izinsalela abolile izitshalo. Ezinye zazo uthanda imvelo yasemanzini.

Inhloko izimpukane omdala inundu ukuhlobisa izimpondo namehlo amabili. Izimpiko zayo ezincane amayelana amabili kwangu ubude. Wonke umzimba kanye amaphiko Kulula volosyanistoe enamathela. Moth izimpukane steel eyinqaba noma umbala esiliva. Amaphiko azo, ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Indlela eyinhloko ukunyakaza ihamba ngokusebenzisa ipheshulwa.

ndlovu omdala Ubude sezinambuzane ezinamaphiko siphile kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu. Ngo inqubo ukuphila kwabo, ngokuvamile akuyona powered. Ukuze ukuheha abesilisa ngoba ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa izimpukane inundu bayakwazi ukwaba ekhethekile amehlo imfihlo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imfihlo enjalo uyakwazi ukukhetha futhi Spider-Bolado. Le mpahla kuyivumela ukuheha izimpukane inundu wesilisa, avame kakhulu get abasuke bengene shí web yayo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izimpukane inundu kungaba amaqanda eziyikhulu nje kuphela. Futhi ezimbili nje izinsuku Lapho iqanda ngalinye lichanyuselwa isibungu. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela wezibawu inundu nesici esihle kubaluleke kakhulu - bayakwazi udle isikhwehlela kumiswa emaqaqasini ipayipi amapayipi. Base bahlanza kubo. Izimpukane efulethini imago inundu iwe ngokusebenzisa imifantu phansi, emigodini amapayipi indle, avimbekile nokucwila kanye risers. Amakamelo okulala awabange nge umswakama high bagcinelwe ezimenza azizwe atjhaphulukile.