Silica. Distribution emvelweni, izindlela ukuthola, ukusetshenziswa

Silicon dioxide (chemical ifomula: SiO2, Silica) - kuyinto crystalline kungekho nto enemibala emihle, lwengilazi noma impahla amorphous. Lokhu amaminerali kuyinto ngesimo asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi kabanzi lisetshenziswe ukwakhiwa, ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo zamakhemikhali umsakazo, ekwakheni zezindiza kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi.

Ukusatshalaliswa Silica ngokwemvelo

Silica kuqukethwe ungqimba lomhlaba njengoba inhlanganisela namanye amaminerali (ezibizwa ngokuthi egwadle), kanye silicate, ingxenye idwala. Okuvame kakhulu zemvelo amaminerali - asebenza ngebhethri, cristobalite kukhona lingandile kangako, lapho chalcedony, tridymite, itshe eliyigugu, lechatelierite (asebenza ngebhethri ingilazi). I emihle asebenza ngebhethri zinhlayiya zakha isimiso okuthiwa "umongo" asebenza ngebhethri. Lapho kubhujiswa kancane kancane rocks kwakhiwa asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi, okuyinto, ohlangene, kuholele ukubukeka quartzite futhi sandstone.

Rhinestone - lena asebenza ngebhethri okumsulwa kakhulu, kungekho nto enemibala emihle. zinhlayiya sayo singaba nesisindo amashumi amathani, futhi sifinyelele ubude ngamamitha ambalwa. Futhi, kungenzeka asebenza ngebhethri camera nge ukungcola ahlukahlukene violet (amethiste), yellow (citrine), black (morion), Smoky (rauchtopaz). Emvelweni, kukhona ifomu cryptocrystalline asebenza ngebhethri: i-oniksi obomvu-pink, oluhlaza-apula yikrisoprasi, isafire bluish, ijaspi kungabonakali-ezinemibala, onikisi agathe isihlabathi, hornfels ne-silicon.

Abahlukile Itshe Eliyigugu "enhle", okuyinto kwakhiwa izinhlayiya colloidal ka ububanzi umfaniswano mayelana 0.2 microns. Lezi zinhlayiya Agcwele uvalwe ku agglomerates ngaphambilini yamanzi ziqukethe amaphesenti angaphansi (e eliyigugu i-opal kakhulu - mayelana eziyisikhombisa amaphesenti). Yemvelo-silicon dioxide ezifakwa kungenzeka lwakha diatomite, Tripoli. Amagobolondo amaminerali eyakhiwe diatoms, amathambo ka izipanji ezithile. He is ingxenye neziqu zezitshalo - ezifana ngomhlanga, horsetail, bamboo.

Kanjani ukuze uthole Silica?

SiO2 Zokwenziwa ingatholakala:

- ngenxa yesenzo hydrochloric (HCl) noma sulfuric (H2SO4) acid ngoba le silicate sodium, okungenani - kwezinye silicates encibilikayo (lena indlela eyinhloko ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile);

- usebenzisa colloidal Silicon dioxide (ngokusebenzisa okokuqandisa yayo noma coagulation ngaphansi isenzo F- ion, Na +);

- by hydrolysis we-silicon fluoride SiF4, Silicon tetrachloride SiCl4, tetraethoxysilane (C2H5O) 4Si, desublimata okuqinile (NH4) 2SiF6 ngefomu gaseous kanye ammonia aqueous kanye nezixazululo aqueous (ngezinye izikhathi ne ukwengeza elisekela organic, noma ethanol).

Silicon amorphous dioxide okulungiselelwe:

- diatomite futhi Tripoli;

- calcination elayisi husk;

- ukugaya asebenza ngebhethri tho.

Anhydrous Silica izimpushana akhiqizwa:

- usebenzisa chemical umusi sebethule;

- by hydrolysis kanye namachibi umusi esters Silica pyrogenic ne-silicon fluoride;

- by omlilo of Silicon tetrachloride SiCl4 umusi ngengxube H2 kanye O2.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe Silica?

- Silica Yemvelo lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa ngobumba, ukhonkolo, Abrasives, isihlabathi lime izitini, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba, nezobumba, DINACYT, izibuko silicate;

- Silica Zokwenziwa ( "white carbon black") lalisetshenziswa njenge yamathebhu enkulu ekwakhekeni iraba;

- asebenza ngebhethri zinhlayiya abangabodwa baye bathola ukusetshenziswa e electronics (izihlungi, imvamisa stabilizers piezoelectric, resonators) e acoustoelectronics futhi acousto, ubucwebe, e insimbi optical;

- rhinestone and zokwenziwa Silicon dioxide asetshenziswa njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa ukwenziwa asebenza ngebhethri ingilazi, asebenza ngebhethri, crystal olulodwa asebenza ngebhethri zemicu sobumba. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, izitsha zobumba futhi asebenza ngebhethri ingilazi isetshenziswa zezindiza umkhakha, yokukhanya, electronics kanye nezinye izimboni. Quartz isetshenziswa njengendlela material Indwangu, ukushisa nokugcinwa, futhi asebenza ngebhethri Imicu yotshani - ukwakha izinhlelo fiber-optic lokudluliselwa Imininingwane nokuxhumana imigqa.