Inkambu okudonsa

Umqondo "ensimini okudonsa" yavela kuyi-physics ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okokuqala, lolu hlobo nokuxhumana sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi kohlaka umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi jikelele. elithi Modern eyavela kamuva kakhulu. Kukhona umqondo amakhulu eminyaka.

Ngaphansi adonsela phansi libhekisela impahla izidumbu kuthiwa Okusizayo bakhangwa, futhi impahla ngokwayo lihlotshaniswa mass zemizimba. Namuhla e-physics adonsela phansi uthathwa njengomgcini ugobile isikhala-isikhathi eduze kwezidumbu okukhulu.

Umzimba ukudala azungeze ngokwabo forcefields. Ukungezwani yasendle okudonsa nganoma yingasiphi ephawula amandla okuyinto ethatha ngakolunye umzimba, okuyinto kule iphuzu elithile. Kanjalo okudonsa ensimini g iyona ratio amandla F, ukulalela emzimbeni mass ezithile m, ukuze mass umzimba ensimini okudonsa izinto.

Amandla ensimini kuvumelana isiqondiso, nokubaluleka amayunithi wokulinganisa ne eyaziwa ukusheshisa okudonsa, kodwa ngomqondo ngokomzimba ke namanani ahlukene. Amandla ensimini ephawula isikhala isimo ngesikhathi esithile, kanti ukushesha futhi amandla avele kuphela uma umzimba qophelo.

Newton e 1687 yathola ukuthi izindikimba ezimbili ukuheha ngebutho ngqo wakhona skwele ibanga lapho basuke bahlukana. Isiphetho esinjalo esenziwa kuye ngesisekelo isipiliyoni imithetho achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi.

Inkambu okudonsa uhlobo emkhakheni ngokomzimba, lapho umzimba silingo (nokuxhumana okudonsa). Lokhu kungase kube nokuxhumana phakathi amaplanethi we isimiso sonozungezilanga amaplanethi iziphuphutheki, Earth nemizimba eseduze ke.

ensimini eMhlabeni okudonsa iwumkhakha amandla, okuyinto ngenxa Luhambo yayo mass futhi amandla centrifugal ezivukayo ngenxa Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni. Kuyinto engaphansi (Nokho kancane) kusukela enyangeni amandla adonsela phansi, ilanga kanye neminye imigwamanda kanye nenqwaba ozungeze umhlaba.

Inkambu adonsela phansi iplanethi libhekene amandla adonsela phansi, zivele futhi eziningi ahlobene ezehlukene. Ingxenye isakhiwo ubizwa ngokuthi geopotential (kungenxa kuphela Luhambo Zomhlaba). Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene linikezwa ngendlela imisebenzi wokwanda (eyindilinga).

Inkambu okudonsa Zomhlaba inezingxenye ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi evamile futhi ukuqothuka kwezinwele okungavamile. Eyokuqala eziyisisekelo, siyafana nalokho imodeli schematized le planethi, livezwa njengowesifazane ellipsoid zokuvukela umbuso. Kuyinto uhambisane iplanethi yangempela. Ingxenye ezingasadingeki yenani incane, walinganisa ngendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma isikhundla nenyanga futhi ilanga isihlobo Emhlabeni kushintsha njalo, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kanye ukushintshashintsha ensimini ayo adonsela phansi. Lokhu kunomthelela deformations olwandle Zomhlaba, kuhlanganise amagagasi izimbangela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinguquko emkhakheni olwandle eMhlabeni okudonsa ezivukayo ngenxa ukuhanjiswa mass ekujuleni, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukunyakaza zomhlaba, ukunyakaza amanzi kanye nomoya uquqaba, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, izinguquko eksisi leso ukuzungeza umhlaba ngosuku, futhi yayo Isivinini emincane. Abaningi ubukhulu ushintsho olunjalo ayikwazi waphawula, ngakho balinganisela kwakuthiwa kuphela.

Inkambu adonsela phansi emhlabeni isisekelo sokunquma geoid okuyinto ephawula sibalo gravimetric Zomhlaba. Ngokwe-sibalo eyanikezwa ukuphakama ebusweni iplanethi. Inkambu okudonsa ukuphetha isimo yakhoibrium hydrostatic planethi uvuke ngenxa yaleli igcizelela e elingaphakathi yayo, ukuhlola izindawo nokunwebeka Zomhlaba.

Inkambu okudonsa Zomhlaba kusiza ukwenza izibalo uzungeza satellites, trajectory lwamarokhethi ukunyakaza. Anomalies yasendle Kuyasiza ukwazi ukusatshalaliswa ukushayisana kwabantu ungqimba lomhlaba, isiphuku engenhla, zomhlaba nokuklanywa imali, ukufuna namaminerali.