Sociology Namasiko

Sociology isiko - kuba isiyalo esizimele bemvelo zomphakathi, kuze kube manje has izinkinga eziningi ezivelele theory, methodological kanye nama-practical.

Okokuqala, abacwaningi ngokwabo zembula ukungaqiniseki ivolumu imiqondo esemqoka isiyalo - "isiko". Kuyinto cishe olunzulu, futhi imingcele yayo anyakaza ukuze lo mqondo lingachazwa ngokuthi cishe nanoma yiziphi izenzo ukuphila emphakathini. Kulesi iqondakale, okuyinto ihlola yokuhlalisana kwabantu namasiko, ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu incazelo yaleli elithi "isiko", izinhlobonhlobo orientation methodological futhi senkolelo-mbono zikhethwa isifundo esithile.

Lokhu yokujeziswa omunye Amathrendi oqavile izifundo entshonalanga kwamasiko kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, okuyinto laqanjwa sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Max Adler.

Ubuhlobo amasiko nezenhlalo kwaqondwa sisonke zayo ingxenye. Ngokusho L. White isiko kufanele kubhekwe njengento isici zonke ngobudlelwano bokuhlalisana emphakathini kungenzeka, ngakho kwabantu ayikwazi uhlukane kwamasiko zomphakathi.

Ekuhloleni isiko kusukela umbono wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu kubalulekile ukunquma indlela, siphakamise imisebenzi noma izingxenye ezibalulekile, okukuvumela ukuba sihlanganise izici zamasiko ohlelweni ukuhlaziya idatha emazingeni ehlukene phezulu, ukusebenzisa izindlela kokubili komkhakha wezesayensi.

Laba bameleli be-esiphawuleka kunazo zonke yokuhlalisana kwabantu namasiko, umsebenzi owawungumnyaka isinqumo izinkinga ezibalulekile methodological futhi theory kulezi zindawo babe Weber futhi A. Weber, T. Parsons, Lesli Uayt, Robert Merton, A.Mol nabanye.

Culture - kokubili inqubo kanye into zocwaningo, elibhekene nomse- yokuhlalisana kwabantu namasiko. Isiko iyisimo ekhethekile qualitative emphakathini, esibonakala by ukuthuthukiswa izinkomba ezithile ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya (ukukhiqizwa, isayensi, ubuciko, imfundo, ezemidlalo, temphilo, kuvikeleka kutenhlalo zezakhamizi, umthetho, ezombusazwe, njll)

Ukuze ukuba bawuqonde ngokucace kakhudlwana zonke izici ezihlobene izinkinga isiyalo wafunda, kumelwe siqonde ukuthi igatsha lolusetulu, elise ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ezindaweni ezimbili: ngokwesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu namasiko. Kusobala ukuthi ufunda yokuhlalisana kwabantu namasiko amaphethini kakhulu amasiko, izinhlobo ukubonakaliswa amaphetheni wakhe emsebenzini womuntu.

Kunezindlela eziningana lapho yokuhlalisana kwabantu namasiko uhlola into yayo. Eqenjini elilodwa kukhona izindlela kuhlangene, yona evame ukuqonda isici ukuchaza isiko statics yayo. Ngaphakathi kuleli qembu kuhlanganisa namaqembu efana eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma into yamanani (axiologic) umbhalo ongokomfanekiso (semiotic) theory.

Iqembu lesibili siqukethe Kuzonyuka, ezichaza Dynamics isiko. Abakwazi ingachazwa njenge-, imidlalo, zokuxhumana, ithiyori ezihlobene nomsebenzi-zobuchwepheshe. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngokuthi subjective (ligxile imisebenzi yamasiko imidiya) labhaliwe (futhi aphendule umbuzo kanjani isiko elizihlelayo).

Konke lokhu kusikisela futhi izindlela ezikhona ukuxhumana kanye umphelelisi nomunye.

Cultural Sociology uhlola Amathrendi ziyaphikisana futhi zezici nomthelela nesisekelo nesiko kanye nobunye bomuntu isithombe mazombe seragelo isiko ngokombono ekukhuleni komphakathi. Yenza lokhu kolwazi izingqimba ngazinye eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi sincike komunye nomunye izakhi: imisebenzi yokudala nezindlela ( "Technologies") yizenzo zabantu; ekudalweni, ukulondolozwa, nokwenziwa kanye ekudluliseni imibono, imiqondo yamagama kanye nemagugu emasiko; ukuhlaziywa imihlola zamasiko, njll

In the umongo yamasiko yokuhlalisana kwabantu ukutadisha amafomu ozinzile futhi uchungechunge ubudlelwano zabantu emiphakathini kwezenhlalo, Dynamics of the abasafufusa ubudlelwane kwamasiko, okuyinto likhomba degree of ukuthuthukiswa lokuxhumana komphakathi kanye nenqubekela kwamasiko noma ekuhlehleni.