Waves: amagagasi imvamisa yonkana obuphelele nezinye amafomula

Wavelength - nemingcele ezibalulekile emzimbeni adingekayo ikhambi ezinkingeni eziningi umsindo nangezinto zobuchwepheshe. Kungaba ibalwe ngezindlela eziningana, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi nemingcele asethwe. Indlela elula kunazo ukukwenza lokhu, njengokuba nazi imvamisa noma inkathi kanye velocity esiphelweni.

ifomula

Ifomula eziyisisekelo okuphendula umbuzo kanjani ukuthola nombono we imvamisa, njengoba kulandela:

l = v / u

Kube l - wavelength ngamamitha, v - esiphelweni yayo velocity e m / c, u - imvamisa komugqa e hertz.

Njengoba imvamisa ihlobene kwenkathi Reflux isilinganiso, inkulumo ethi ngenhla singatlolwa bunjesi ehlukile:

l = VT

T - oscillation isikhathi ngemizuzwana.

Ungakwazi baveze le ndlela yi eyindilinga imvamisa futhi isigaba Isivinini:

l = 2 pi * v / w

Kulesi inkulumo, w - imvamisa emincane obonakaliswe radians ngomzuzwana.

Imvamisa igagasi udabule ubude, njengoba kungabonwa kusukela inkulumo osekushiwo, simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

u = v / l

Cabangela i wave kagesi, okuyinto Ukhuthaza e medium ehambisana a yezokubona Inkomba n. Khona-ke ukuvama ubude wave uwukubonakaliswa ubuhlobo elandelayo:

u = c / (l * n)

Uma kwanda vacuo ke n = 1, inkulumo ethi kuba ifomu sledushchy:

u = c / l

Kulesi ifomula, ukuvama igagasi udabule ubude esashiwo c njalo - Isivinini zokukhanya cleaner, c = 300,000 km / c.

amagagasi De Broglie

Ngenxa yalezi amagagasi ifomula uzoba ukubukeka ukuhluka. Yizo ezinquma kwabantu okungenzeka futhi isetshenziswa quantum Mechanics imingcele kakhulu lokuthola nezinhlayiya. Ubude kanye nokuvama zinqunywa kanje:

l = h / p

u = E / h

h - Planck njalo, p - kuyizinhlayiyana umfutho, E - amandla nezinhlayiya.

Primenenenie

Lezi amafomula ingasetshenziswa ukuthola kwemigomo kokubili amagagasi kagesi futhi yinto ehlukile, esikhaleni nje, emoyeni noma ezinye ophansi. Ukunquma ukuthi imvamisa wave uwukubonakaliswa ubude, noma okuphambene nalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ijubane ukusatshalaliswa nezakhiwo medium. IElectromagnetic ngeke kuphela ngokurhabako e benganelisekile noma emoyeni, ngenxa ongaphakeme permeability kagesi kazibuthe, kusukela izinga salo inhlukanozigaba empandeni skwele umkhiqizo lezi nemingcele.

Nge igagasi umsindo kuyoba nesimo esihlukile. Ijubane umsindo e ukudla okuqinile futhi uketshezi kuka emoyeni. Top isivinini kuzoba ayina lithium (mayelana 6000 m / c), ingilazi - 4800 (m / c), igolide, isiliva, platinum. Ijubane umsindo e Abanemimoya okuqinile kanye nama-liquid kunqunywa usebenzisa ukuncika eyinkimbinkimbi ehambisana ne kwabantu naphakathi kanye wemfihlo Young.