Lisho ukuthini i-longue long?

Umzimba oduduza esikhungweni esisezingeni elidala udala ukuphazamiseka okudluliselwa kusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwenye futhi kuthiwa yi-wave. Lokhu kwenzeka ngejubane elithile, elibhekwa njengejubane lokusabalalisa kwalo. Lokhu kungukuthi, ubuningi obufanekisela ibanga elihamba nganoma yiliphi iphuzu legagasi endaweni yobude besikhathi.

Vumela umfudumala uhambisane nenye yezinkomba (isibonelo, okuzungezile). Isimo saso siphindaphinda endaweni ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, okungukuthi, iphrofayli yomsakazo idlulela eduze kwe-axis yokusakaza ngejubane elinenani elihlala njalo. Ngesikhathi esivumelana nesikhathi sokukhipha, i-front yayo iyodlula ibanga, ebizwa ngokuthi i-wavevelth.

Kuvela ukuthi ubude be-wavel ibanga elifanayo "eligijimelayo" ngaphambili kwenkathi yalo isikhathi esilingana nesikhathi sokukhipha. Ukuze kucaciswe, cabanga ngomsindo ngendlela ovame ukuboniswa ngayo emidwebo. Sonke sikhumbula ukuthi amaza olwandle abheka kanjani, isibonelo . Umoya uyabaxosha olwandle, futhi umvuthwandaba ngamunye unamaqabunga (iphuzu eliphakeme) futhi iphuzu eliphansi kunazo zonke (ubuncane), kokubili okuhamba njalo nokulandelana. Amaphuzu asesigabeni esisodwa yiziqongo zamagquma amabili angomakhelwane (sicabanga ukuthi lezi zintaba ziphakeme kakhulu futhi ukunyakaza kwenzeka ngejubane eliqhubekayo) noma amaphuzu amabili aphansi kunawo wonke amagagasi angomakhelwane. Ubude besikhathi eside ubude nje emkhatsini wamaphuzu anjalo (imigwaqo emibili eseduzane).

Ngendlela yamazaza angasakaza zonke izinhlobo zamandla - ezishisayo, ezilula, umsindo. Zonke zinamaphesenti ahlukene. Isibonelo, ukudlula emkhathini, amagagasi omsindo aguqule kancane ukucindezela emoyeni. Izifunda zezingcindezi eziphezulu zihambisana nama-waves amazwi amaningi. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, indlebe yomuntu ithatha lezi zinguquko ezingcindezini futhi ithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni. Ngale ndlela, sizwa umsindo.

Ubude begagasi lomsindo lunquma izindawo zalo. Ukuze uyithole, udinga ukuhlukanisa ukuvinjelwa kwegagasi (kulinganiswa ngo-m / s) ngokuvama ku-Hz. Isibonelo: kumvamisa we-688 Hz, umsakazo womsindo uhamba ngesivinini se-344 m / s. I-longueur yobude bayoba yi-344: 688 = 0.5 m. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukusakazeka kwe-wave of the medium in the same medium does not change, ngakho-ke ubude bayo buxhomeke kumvamisa. Amagagasi omsindo aphansi anesilinganiso sobubanzi obukhulu kunamagagasi aphezulu.

Isibonelo senye uhlobo lwemisebe ye-electromagnetic singasebenza njengegagasi elikhanyayo. Ukukhanya kuyingxenye ye-spectrum magnetic spectrum ebonakala emehlweni ethu. Ubude begagasi elikhanyayo, okungabonwa kwamehlo omuntu, lingaba ngu-400 kuya ku-700 nm (nanometers). Ezingxenyeni zombili zobubanzi obubonakalayo ezindaweni ezingamanga zamehlo ezingabonakali ngamehlo ethu.

Amagagasi e-ultraviolet anebude obude kunebude bezingxenye ezibonakalayo ze-spectrum. Nakuba iso lomuntu lingakwazi ukuwabona, kodwa, noma kunjalo, liyakwazi ukulimaza kakhulu emehlweni ethu.

Ubude obude bemisebe ye- infrared mkhulu kunokuba ubude obukhulu esingabona. Lawa mafutha athunjwa yimishini ekhethekile futhi asetshenziselwa, isibonelo, emakhamera ebusuku ebusuku.

Phakathi kwemibala efinyeleleka embonweni wethu, ubude obufushane buyi-ray enombala obomvu, inkulu kakhulu ibomvu. Esikhathini esiphakathi kwabo kukho konke okubonakalayo ekubukeni (khumbula u-rainbow!)

Sibona kanjani imibala? Imisebe yokukhanya, ephethe ubude obuthile, iwela kwi-retina yeso, enemitholampilo ye-photosensitive. Lawa ma-receptors adlulisela izimpawu ngqo ebuchosheni bethu, lapho kunomqondo othile wombala othile. Yimiphi imibala esiyibonayo - kuxhomeke ezintweni ezingama-wavel of the rays izigameko, futhi ukukhanya kwenzwa umbala kunqunywa ukuqina kwemisebe.

Zonke izinto ezizungezile zinekhono lokubonisa, ukudlulisa noma ukuthatha ukukhanya kwesigameko (ngokuphelele noma ngokuncane). Isibonelo, umbala oluhlaza wamahlamvu kusho ukuthi iningi le-spectrum ibonisa ikakhulukazi imisebe eluhlaza, amanye ayangena. Izinto ezingafani zinezinto zokulibaziseka kwemisebe yobude obuthile, esetshenziselwa, isibonelo, ekuthumbeni (ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi zezithombe ).

Ngakho, umbala wezinto usitshela mayelana nekhono lokubonisa amaza wengxenye ethile ye-spectrum. Izinto ezibonisa yonke indawo, sibona imhlophe, sidonsa yonke imibala - emnyama.