Imisebenzi yePeroxisome. Isifo se-Zellweger

Namuhla sikisela ukuthi ucabange umsebenzi we-peroxisomes. Kubaluleke ngani abanayo esitokisini? Futhi sizobheka ukuthi iziphi izifo ezingatholakala ngokusizwa kwalesi sakhiwo.

Kakade kusukela esanduleleni kuyacaca ukuthi i-peroxisomes iyinhlangano ye-organelles. Iseli, naye, liyingxenye yomakhi onzima kakhulu wezinto ezizungezile. Ngisho nomuntu siqukethe amangqamuzana, anenombolo enkulu kakhulu. Iseli liqukethe izingxenye ezincane, kodwa zivumela ukuthi ziholele indlela yokuzimela yokuphila, okungukuthi, ukuhlanganisa nokudala izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi akudingekile. Isibonelo salokhu yizidalwa ezilula kakhulu ze-unicellular okungenzeka ukuthi wazizwa emakilasini e-biology esikoleni.

Ngaphambi kokuba sibhale futhi sichaze imisebenzi ye-peroxisomes, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi iyini nokuthi ihlelwe kanjani.

I-Peroxisomes

Lezi zinsimbi zibukeka sengathi ziyi-vacuoles encane, ubukhulu bayo abufinyeleli ku-1.5 micron. Ama-Peroxisomes azungezwe ngendwangu ebomvu, futhi ahlukanisa ama-microgranules angaphakathi, kusukela emvelweni wangaphakathi weselula yonke. Yini esingayithola ngaphakathi kwe-organoid? Kukhona okuyisisekelo, futhi kuthiwa yi-nucleoid. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le ngxenye ye-peroxisome ayihlangene nesakhiwo se nyukliya noma i-nucleoids ye-bacteria. Ungayidibanisi le mibono. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi izakhiwo endaweni ye-nucleoid zifana nama-crystals. Zakhiwa kusuka kuma-fibrils nama-tubes. Ingqungquthela yale nhlangano ihlukaniswe ne-peroxisome, ngaphakathi iqukethe i-urate oxidase. Lena enye ye-enzymes. Manje siphakamisa ukuthi sicabange ngemisebenzi ye-peroxisomes esitokisini. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokhu, sizocabangela isakhiwo ngokuningiliziwe.

Isakhiwo

Manje sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi i-peroxisomes, isakhiwo nemisebenzi (itafula) sizocatshangelwa nathi. Okokuqala, sizonikeza usizo olubonakalayo ngendlela yetafula. Okulandelayo, sizobe sichaze imininingwane yesakhiwo nemisebenzi ye-peroxisome. Ithebula lingadalwa nguwe, kodwa lanele ukuba uqaphele ukuthi i-peroxisome iqukethe i-matrix ne-nucleotide.

I-matrix peroxisome iqukethe ama-enzyme angu-15. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi yini. Masiqaphele okubaluleke kakhulu kubo:

• I-Peroxidase;
• I-Catalase;
• I-Oxidase;
• I-uratroxidase.

Futhi yimuphi umsebenzi okwenziwa yi-nucleotide? Indima yayo ukugubha izinyathelo ezifanayo. Ake sibheke indlela yokwakhiwa kwe-peraxis. Baya e-EPS, ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi indawo yokukhiqizwa kwaleli-organoid i-EPS. Ama-enzyme akhiwa ngo:

• I-EPS;
• I-Hyaloplasm.

Napha kubalulekile futhi ukucacisa ukuthi umbuso unomzimba omncane, kodwa awuvumeli ukungenelela ngisho nasezimbonini eziphansi ze-molecular. Manje singacabangela umsebenzi we-peroxisomes. Ngokushesha wenze ukubhuka, le-organoid ibaluleke kakhulu kuseli.

Imisebenzi

Imisebenzi ye-peroxisomes yile ndlela elandelayo:

• Ukuxoshwa kwezinto eziphilayo;
• Ukuxutshwa kwamafutha e-acids;
• I-biosynthesis ye-plasmalogen;
• I-biosynthesis ye-isoprenoids ezilwaneni;
• I-biosynthesis ye-cholesterol;
• Ukuhlala kwamaprotheni NDR2;
• Isimiso sokuvuvukala kwesistimu;
• Usizo lwenqubo yokuphefumula kumaseli ezitshalo njalonjalo.

Lolu hlu luzoqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngoba ezinye imisebenzi azikaze zihlolwe ngokugcwele. Manje siphakamisa inkulumo encane mayelana neprotheni synthesis. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi organelles aziqukethe izinto ezifana nalezi:

• I-DNA;
• Ribosomes.

Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, i-protein synthesis ivela ku-nucleus. Okulandelayo kuza ukungenisa kwamaperoxisomes phakathi naphakathi. Ukungenisa okuvela ku-kernel? Ngokuhlanganyela kwesignali C-terminal. Ukulandelana kwalokhu okukhulunywa kufushane kakhulu, kuqukethe ama-amino acid amathathu.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa komtholampilo

Sasihlola esigabeni ngenhla ukuthi umsebenzi we-peroxisomes wenza kanjani. Manje okuncane mayelana nenhloso yomtholampilo yalezi zinsimbi. Manje ake sikhulume kancane ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Zellweger's syndrome. Lokhu kuyisifo esibi kakhulu, kubangelwa ukuphulwa kokungenisa kwamaprotheni. Ngenxa yalokho, i-peroxisomes ayinalutho, esitokisini nasemzimbeni wonkana, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlobo zomzimba kubonakala. Abantu ababhekene nalezi zinkinga bahlangabezana nobunzima nomsebenzi wezitho ezithile ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise:

• Ubuchopho;
• Isibindi;
• Izinso.

Izingane ezizalwa nale syndrome azikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ziphoqeleka ukuba zishiye ukukhanya kwethu emva kwesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Lesi sifo sihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwe-organoid. Futhi izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zesifo kungenzeka.