I-Nekrasov "Isitimela": isifinyezo esifushane senkondlo

U-Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov ngesikhathi sokubhala le nkondlo seyitholile udumo. Izinkondlo zakhe "Who Lives Well eRussia" kanye "The Frost, Red Nose" bathandwa abantu. Umagazini othi "Sovremennik" owashicilelwa yimbongi uyingxenye yombuso wentando yeningi. Iphephandaba lihlangene LN. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev, M.E. U-Saltkov-Shchedrin, I.A. Goncharov, A.I. Ostrovsky.

Ngo-1864 wadala inkondlo i-Nekrasov "Isitimela". Isifinyeto somsebenzi sizocatshangelwa kulesi sihloko.

Isimo somlando ngesikhathi sokubhala inkondlo

Ukunqoba kweRevolutionary Democrats eyinqobe akuzange kuvezwe kuphela nguNekrasov. "Umzila wesitimela" umlando omfushane mayelana nohlaka oluncane phakathi kokulamba nokusebenza okubuhlungu kwabantu bonke. Abaphikisi babantu, abahlaziyi bamashumi ayisithupha, ababizwa ngokuthi "unembeza wabantu": Dobrolyubov noPisarev, sebedlulile. Ngaya esixhumaniswaneni esikude Chernyshevsky.

Iziphathimandla ngo-1861 zingakalungi, zaqeda ngokushesha i- serfdom. Njengoba wazi, izindawo ezingu-75% eziseSerf Russia zazingekho emakethe. Umzana wezinzalamizi wavulelwa ubudlelwane be-capitalist. Ukuwa kweefama ezingasebenzi kahle kwaqala. Emakethe yezabasebenzi kwafika isisindo esikhulu somsebenzi okhululekile. Abalimi basendulo babeya kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, cishe ukudla. Izinhlekelele zenhlalakahle zazithutha. Njengoba kucatshangelwa ekupheleni kweRussia emaphepheni akhe Contemporary, Nekrasov ashicilela inkondlo yakhe ethi Railroad. Isishwankathelo saso ngokushesha saba yingxoxo yomphakathi wonke waseRussia.

Isakhiwo senkondlo

Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu weNekrasov uqala nsuku zonke. Njengokuthi imigqa yokuqala yezinkondlo zakhe yabhalwa nge-watercolor. Ukwindla kwasekuseni, "iqhwa alinamandla," "umfula uyashisa," kodwa emaqabunga amaqabunga angakaze "aphelile." Kuqala ngokuzwakalayo indaba yakhe i-Nekrasov. "Umzila wesitimela" wembula okuqukethwe komfundi kancane kancane.

Indodana encane esikhwameni somqeqeshi kanye noyise-jikelele yahamba ngomzila wesitimela. Indodana ebuza ukuthi ngubani owakhileyo, ubaba wabiza igama elithi "umakhi": "Bala u-Pyotr Kleinmichel ..." Kodwa umntwana olele emgwaqweni waphupha iqiniso ngalokhu kwakhiwa, njengenjabulo. Ngaphandle kokwesaba ukubulawa yindlala, umuntu anganquma umsebenzi onjalo. Ukuhlala emgodini, ukudla ngandlela-thile, cishe ukungazitholi, ukuhlushwa emakhazeni nasebumnyameni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela usebenze amahora angu-12-14 ngokweqile. Umsebenti wawusebenta. UJuda abaphathi babhala ngokungaqondakali kwalowo nalowo. Lapho sekufika isikhathi sokubala, abongameli bamemezela izinkokhelo ezibalwe ngamunye. Ukukhokha kwavela kancane kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile abakhi kwakudingeka baze. Khona-ke izisebenzi zanikezwa umgqomo wewayini, ngakho-ke inkinga yokukhokha isuswe ngokuyisisekelo. Abantu abahlukumezekile babulawa bafile. Labo abafa ngokugula nokukhathala bangcwatshwa khona. Umgwaqo, cishe, wawuhlelwe emathanjeni.

Isistimu engalungile, akunjalo, ibeka u-Nekrasov enkantolo yomphakathi waseRussia? "Umzila" wesitimela uphikisa ngokuqondile ngqo iphuzu lokubheka ngokusemthethweni. Umqondo wakhe uyinkolelo kubantu abazokwazi ukuthola isiphetho esifanele (uzokwakha "umgwaqo omkhulu, ocacile ..."). Ngendlela, lokhu kusebenza ngokuthi "ukuququda kwamazinyo" kukhunjulwa ngabacwaningi lapho eminyakeni emibili kamuva umagazini iSovermennik uvaliwe, lapho wanyatheliswa khona.

Kodwa inkumbulo yabantu yahlala enkumbulweni yabantu, lapho emphakathini ochotshoziwe kugxeke umsebenzi weNekrasov "Isitimela" yaziqhenyayo futhi iyayithanda. Isifinyeto sawo kufanele sibonakale njengomzamo womlobi ukuze 'abone ukukhanya', anqobe "ubusuku obumnyama" bokuphendula kabili.

Isiphetho

Umlando omelelwe yile nkondlo uqinisile futhi ufakazela isithombe sangempela sokwakhiwa kwesitimela saseNikolayevskaya. Eqondiswa ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakungenakuphikiswa kukaNicholas INgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha I-Adjutant General Kleinmikhel Pyotr Andreevich. Umbusi wayeziqhenya ngabangaphansi kwakhe. Ukuhlonipha izinsizakalo zakhe, baze bafaka indondo yegolide ebizwa ngokuthi , "Isikhwama sisebenza sonke." Isitayela sakhe senhlangano yokwakha sasishesha, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sasihambisana nokufa kwabantu abaningi. Abantu babemzonda kakhulu iKleinmichel. Ngakho-ke, umbusi omusha u-Alexander II, esihlalweni sobukhosi, waphuthuma ukuthatha isikhundla salesi sibalo esabekayo emsebenzini wakhe.