"Igama leRose" ngu-Umberto Eco: okufutshane. "Igama leRose": abalingiswa abakhulu, izenzakalo eziyinhloko

Il nome della URosa ( «Igama Rose") - ibhuku eyaba okokuqala Uprofesa izincwadi e-University of Bologna semiotics Umberto Eco. inoveli yokuqala eyanyatheliswa ngo-nesishiyagalolunye namashumi ngonyaka ayisishiyagalombili olimini lokuqala (Italy). umsebenzi Landelayo nombhali, "Pendulum Foucault sika", kwaba yimpumelelo kancane futhi athengiswe kakhulu kumbhali ekugcineni wethulwa emhlabeni kwezincwadi okukhulu. Kodwa kulesi sihloko thina exoxa isifinyezo sezinto "Igama Rose." Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo umsuka igama inoveli. Isazi-mlando Umberto Eco libhekisela Inkathi nominalists izingxabano ne namaqiniso, abathi ngalokho bazosala igama rose, uma imbali uzonyamalala. Kodwa njengoba isihloko noveli sika ibhekisela emgqeni love story. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa othandekayo wakhe, Adson iqhawe ayikwazi nokukhala phezu igama lakhe, ngoba akazi.

Roman- "matryoshka"

Umkhiqizo "Igama Rose" - esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi enezici. Umbhali esethulweni ubeka umfundi ukuba azifundele okuqukethwe kungenzeka ukuthi konke lokho utawufundza ngani kulencwadzi kuyoba manga zomlando. Ukuze umhumushi ezithile uthole "uyise Amanothi Melk Adson" ePrague ngo-1968. Lena incwadi French, eyanyatheliswa ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye. Kodwa kuyinto asebenzisa yesiLatini umbhalo kwekhulu nesikhombisa, okuyinto yena, kuba incwadi sokuphela wesandla kwekhulu weshumi nane. Wesandla wadala indela ka Melk. ucwaningo zomlando ngobuntu ephakathi kumbhali amanothi, njengoba ababhali eminyaka nesikhombisa kanye nesishiyagalolunye, ayithelanga imiphumela. Ngakho umbhali kule noveli ushaya filigree yomsebenzi wakhe abalulekile izenzakalo zomlando isifinyezo. "Igama Rose" igcwele amaphutha bodokotela. Futhi ngoba lokho, inoveli ezibucayi mlando wemfundo ephakeme. Kodwa lokho izenzakalo sidinga ukwazi ukuqonda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela sakhiwo?

Umongo zomlando lapho isenzo kule noveli (isifinyezo)

"Igama Rose" libhekisela ngenyanga ka-November eyodwa namakhulu amathathu namashumi amabili nesikhombisa. Nakuba eNtshonalanga Yurophu unyakaza ngenxa yemibango yenkolo. Kapapa Curia uku "Avignon ekuthunjweni" ngaphansi isithende yenkosi French. UJohane Samashumi Amabili yesibili elwa nezimpi ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho okuphikisana, uMbusi Ongcwele WaseRoma Louis Wesine of eBavaria, futhi ngakolunye - liye alwa izikhonzi zabo of the Church. Frantsisk Assizsky, kwasho ukuqala Order wezindela Friars Minor, wayemi ngoba imbuya. Sabiza give up ongalungile ukuba silandele uKristu njalo. Ngemva kokufa Francis shí okunethezeka we curia sobupapa wanquma ukuthumela kubalandeli bakhe ezindongeni sezindela. Kungenze uqhekeko kuleli kwababusi oHlelo. Wema uvela Franciscan Spirituals abaqhubeka ukuma izikhundla ubumpofu yabaphostoli. Pope wamemezela kubo izihlubuki, futhi waqala wokulwa. Umbusi zakala yona investiture yakhe impikiswano, futhi wasekela Spirituals. Ngakho, ziba ibutho abalulekile zezombusazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqembu bavumelana ukuxoxisana. Kusekelwa umbusi ithimba Franciscan kanye nabamele upapa babezohlangana e kumbhali ongashiwongo igama sezindela ku imingcele Savoy, Piedmont futhi Liguria. Kulesi ukubaleka futhi zenzeka izenzakalo main kule noveli. Khumbula ukuthi ingxoxo mayelana ubumpofu kaKristu neBandla lakhe kuphela esibukweni ngemuva okuyinto Sihlala esishubile ezombangazwe.

umphenyi zomlando

umfundi Erudite ngeke ayiqondi ukuthi Eco inoveli ne izindaba Conan Doyle. Ngenxa yalesi ngokwanele ukuba bazi isifinyezo yakhe. "Igama Rose," livela kithi amanothi njengoba ngokucophelela Adson. Khona-ke ngokushesha kuza ibhekisela mayelana uDkt Watson, owachaza ngokuningiliziwe uphenyo komngane wakhe Sherlock Holmes. Yiqiniso, la madoda amabili namaqhawe kule noveli kukhona izindela. Wilhelm Baskervilsky, lawobaba ezincane okwenza sikhumbule indaba Conan Doyle mayelana inja eliyingozi phezu Heath, kwaba Benedictine sezindela egameni umbusi ukulungiselela umhlangano nabamele Spirituals we curia likapapa. Kepha njengoba masinyane njengoba they are imfundamakhwela Melk Adson weza esigodlweni sezindela, njengoba izenzakalo ezaqala ukwenzeka ngokushesha ukuze kwenziwe le mpikiswano ngezindaba lobubha iSonto zabaPhostoli ngemuva. Le noveli isethwe esikhathini esingangesonto. okubulala angaqondakaliyo ukulandela enye ngemva kwenye, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugcina umfundi ingaqiniseki. Thola imbangela zonke lezi zehlakalo zibangelwa Wilhelm, usomaqhinga, isazi semfundiso yenkolo ekhaliphile, njengoba kufakazelwa inkhulumomphendvulwano yakhe Bernard Guy, ezihlubuki wangaphambili. "Igama Rose" - incwadi uhlobo of umphenyi inoveli.

Njengoba usomaqhinga iba umphenyi

I Benedictine Isigodlo, lapho kwakufanele sibe nomhlangano amathimba amabili, Franciscan uWilliam Baskerville futhi imfundamakhwela Melk Adson ufika izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi ekuqaleni mpikiswano. Ngokuhamba bayo, owayelindele ukuveza izizathu zabo mayelana ubumpofu yeSonto njengoba owalandela Kristu futhi nixoxe kungenzeka ukufika Jikelele Mikhail Spirituals Tsezenskogo e Avignon yesihlalo sobukhosi likapapa. Kodwa esondela emasangweni Isigodlo, nabalingiswa abasemqoka ukuhlangabezana izindela, wagijima beyofuna mare runaway. Lapha Wilhelm wamangaza wonke umuntu nge "indlela deductive" yakhe (omunye ibhekisela Umberto Eco Conan Doyle), echaza ihhashi futhi wangitshengisa indawo isilwane. Abbot, Abbon, wayigenca ingqondo ezijulile Franciscan, ngimcela ukuba ukubhekana kunjalo ngokufa eziyinqaba, okuyinto eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwezindonga yesigodlo. Ezansi eweni Adelma sidumbu sitholwe. Bekubonakala ngasuthi ke wakhumula ngefasitela ulenga phezu kwalasha basembhoshongweni, ebizwa ngokuthi sezigidigidi. Abbon Amacebo ukuthi uyazi okuthile mayelana ngezimo kokufa umdwebi Adelma, kodwa kuhilela isifungo ekusithekeni of the confessional. Kodwa ivumela uWilliam ukuphenya kanye batibute ngalokujulile zonke izindela ukuba bathole ukuthi lo mbulali.

sezigidigidi

Abbon ukuvumela lo mseshi yini sizihlole zonke izingxenye Isigodlo, ngaphandle umtapo. It yathathwa lwesithathu, phezulu sezigidigidi phansi - umbhoshongo giant. Umtapo kwaba inkazimulo kuze kushe izinhlanga elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Yakhiwa njengoba kwenza uxhaxha. Ukufinyelela ke kwadingeka kuphela Malaki yezincwadi kanye nomsizi wakhe, Berengar. sezigidigidi esitezi sesibili matasa scriptorium, lapho basebenza abakopishi nabanyathelisi illustrators, omunye owawungumnyaka ngasekupheleni Adelmo. Emuva kokuchitha ukuhlaziywa deductive, uWilhelm wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi akekho wabulawa umdwebi, kodwa yehla izindonga eziphakeme Isigodlo, futhi isidumbu sakhe sathathwa emuva ngasezindongeni ethempelini kumhambela. Kodwa lokhu akulona ekupheleni inoveli nezifinyezo yayo. "Igama Rose" kugcina umfundi ukungezwani njalo. esinye isidumbu satholakala ngakusasa. Ukuyibiza ukuzibulala kwakunzima: le umsekeli umzimba imfundiso ka-Aristotle Venanzio nimkhiphela umgqomo kwegazi yezingulube (Christmas uyeza, futhi izindela wahlaba izinkomo ukwenziwa ayi). Yena wabulala futhi wasebenza scriptorium. Futhi kubangelwa Wilhelm sizinake kakhudlwana ukuze umtapo engaqondakali. Le mfumbe we uxhaxha balithanda ngemva Repulse sikhathi sinye noMalaki. Yena olulodwa-handedly kokunquma ukuthi ukunika ucela encwadini yakhe indela, ebhekisela yokuthi onalo eqhukethe lobuqaba futhi imibhalo yesandla zezihlubuki.

scriptorium

Hhayi kokungeniswa umtapo, okuzoba maphakathi ngesakhiwo elandisayo yale noveli "The Igama Rose", izinhlamvu uWilliam Adson ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi phansi we sezigidigidi yesibili. Ukukhuluma abasha umbhali Benz, umphenyi athole ukuthi scriptorium athule, kodwa, nokho, ngolaka kuyaphikisana amaqembu amabili. zindela ezisencane sasipheka bekulungele ukuhleka, kuyilapho izindela eziphezulu bathi kumnandi isono kungamukeleki. Ngubani owayengubhongoza walolu inhlangano indela izimpumputhe Jorge slyvuschego San Giusto. Kwamqeda belindele lokuphela kwezwe ukufika Umphik'ukristu ekupheleni kwesikhathi. Kodwa draftsman Adelmo ngobuciko ukuboniswa izilwane ezihlekisayo bestiary ukuthi ozakwabo zakhe akakwazanga kusukela wahleka. Benz lushelele ukuthi ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokufa lochaza ngxabano ngeziphansi ku scriptorium yaphenduka impi yamagama. Kwakuyisikhathi umbuzo we admissibility yesithombe funny imibhalo yenkolo. Umberto Eco isebenzisa le ngxoxo ukuze axazulule impicabadala: Incwadi umtapo ezingase ukuxazulula umbango esivuna abasekela kumnandi. Berenguer yamemeza ukuthi khona zomsebenzi, eye zihlotshaniswa amazwi "ngaphandle Afrika".

abantu ababulawe yizifo ezihlobene ngalinye ngentambo okunengqondo

"Igama Rose" - inoveli postmodern. Ibhalwe ngendlela uWilliam Baskervilskogo ukubayisigebengu ezicashile Sherlock Holmes. Kodwa, ngokungafani umphenyi London, umphenyi medieval akazange sihambisane izenzakalo. Akakwazi ukuvimbela ubugebengu, nokubulala ulandele ngamunye. Futhi kule sibona ndawana "AmaNdiya Ten Little" by Agatha Christie. Kodwa zonke lezi ukubulala, ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne incwadi engaqondakali. William Funda kabanzi Adelma ukuzibulala. Berengar emnxusa ukuba sodomitskoy zokuxhumana, ezithembisa kulolu hlobo lwenkonzo ukwenza njengenhlangano yezincwadi umsizi. Kodwa umdwebi kabaze baba lakho ukuma amandla esono kanye nokuvuma Ran. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi umambuli kwaba Jorge ngenkani, Adelmo ayikwazanga ukudambisa umphefumulo, futhi ngenxa yokungazi ukuthi ngenzeni, wathatha ukuphila kwakhe. Yokuphenya Berengar akusebenzanga: wavele wanyamalala. Saba nomuzwa wokuthi wonke izenzakalo scriptorium elihlobene ne-ncwadi, uWilhelm ukuhlaba zingene Adson ebusuku izindlu, usebenzisa i-ndima komhlaba, okuyinto wafunda podsmotrev ngoba yezincwadi umsizi. Kodwa umtapo kwaba Maze eziyinkimbinkimbi. Heroes nje uthole indlela yokuphuma, wazibonela umphumela zonke izinhlobo izicupho: .. Mirrors, izibani ne uphuzo abalazi uwoyela, njll Lost Berengar eshonile okugeza. udokotela Izigodlo Severin libonisa Wilhelm emamaki ongaziwa amnyama iminwe futhi wakhe nolimi oshonile. Kungokufanayo watholakala ngaphambili Venanzio. Severin waphinde wathi wayeshonelwe ibhodlela lomcebo enobuthi kakhulu.

ezombusazwe enkulu

Lapho kufika esigodlweni sezindela amathimba amabili ehambisana ne umphenyi ucala kutfutfukisa kanye "zezombusazwe" uzungu line of incwadi ethi "The Igama Rose". Le noveli ugcwele amaphutha zomlando. Ngakho, ezihlubuki Bernard Guy, kufika elizimisele zamanxusa, uqala ukuphenya hhayi amaphutha zezihlubuki, futhi amacala obugebengu - ukubulala ezindongeni yesigodlo. umbhali kule noveli ingamamitha umfundi phakathi vicissitudes ka zenkolo izingxabano. Khonamanjalo Wilhelm nge Adson yesibili zingene wezincwadi ukufunda uhlelo embileni. Kwakumelwe, "nangale Afrika" - uvalwe ikhiyiwe Igumbi imfihlo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Bernard Guy okungafanele yena usefuna ukuthethelelwa izincwadi zomlando, abantu nezindlela ehola khona ngecala lokubulala. Waboshwa futhi babekwa icala lokuphula ubuthakathi udokotela umsizi, wangaphambili dolchinianina Balthazar futhi isinxibi-intombazane abeza sezindela ukuthengisa ngemizimba yabo ngenxa ezilahliwe kusukela Refectory. mpikiswano Scientific phakathi abamele curia kanye Spirituals iba mpi eziwubala. Kodwa umbhali kule noveli uthatha umfundi emuva indiza emfundisweni e okujabulisayo umphenyi uhlobo.

ukubulala isikhali

Nakuba uWilliam ukubukela ukulwa, ngafika Severin. Wabika ukuthi wayethole encwadini yakhe esibhedlela ongaziwa. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kuyafana eyabusa kusukela umtapo Berengar njengoba kwatholakala isidumbu echibini eliseduze esibhedlela. Kodwa Wilhelm abakwazi ukushiya, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana zonke izindaba ezishaqisayo ngokufa udokotela. skull Severin, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni waphuka, futhi endaweni yesehlakalo elathunjwa cellarer Remi. Uthi wathola udokotela usefile. Kodwa Benz, kakhulu inethiwekhi Yesikhashana oyindela wathi uWilliam wagijima isibhedlela sokuqala, bese ilandelwa amalungu. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi yezincwadi uMalaki kwaba lapha endaweni ethile ukufihla, bese exovwe isixuku. Eqaphela ukuthi umbulali udokotela ongakabi wakwazi ukwenza incwadi emi lapha Berengar, uWilliam ubheka zonke izincwadi ku emtholampilo wasemsebenzini. Kepha Kushalazela iqiniso lokuthi Emibhalweni eminingana zemibhalo yesandla kungenziwa staple emqulwini owodwa. Ngakho-ke, incwadi zapoluchaet Benz ohlakaniphe. Le noveli "IGama Izibuyekezo Rose 'abafundi' akuzona lutho ngokuthi i enezici kakhulu. Uzungu uthatha umfundi emuva indiza inqubomgomo enkulu. It kuvela ukuthi Bernard Guy weza esigodlweni sezindela ngenhloso imfihlo ukuphazamisa izinkulumo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wayesebenzisa okwehlele abode okubulala. Usolwa ubugebengu we dolchinianina wangaphambili, kuphikisana ehlukanisa Balthazar ukubukwa zezihlubuki Spirituals. Ngakho, naphezu kwayo yonke wabo ngokwengxenye abantu okumelwe.

Ukuxazulula imfihlakalo yencwadi ongaqondakali futhi yezinhlamvu zokubulala

Benz unikezwa ukuthi uMalaki, ngisho ngaphandle kokuvula ke, kusukela wathenjiswa yomnyango yezincwadi umsizi. Futhi kwasindisa ukuphila kwakhe. Njengoba emakhasini bhuku elifakwe ushevu. Effect Its esiyitholayo ku uqobo noMalaki - wafa nomunyu ngesikhathi nje eMiseni. Ulimi kanye kalula kwaba abamnyama. Kodwa lapha Abbon wabiza uWilliam ngokuqinile uthi anakho ukushiya abode ngakusasa. I wesigodlo uyaqiniseka ukuthi ukubulala kwaba sokulungisa izikolo phakathi muzhelozhtsami. Kodwa Franciscan umphenyi Umfundisi ngeke give up. Phela, esefiké sekuseduze ukuba zixazulule puzzle. Yena ukuyichaza esivula egumbini "ngaphandle Afrika". Futhi ngobusuku wesithupha ukuhlala kwakhe ngesikhathi sezindela nge Wilhelm Adson futhi ukungena umtapo. "Igama Rose" - inoveli Umberto Eko, ogama indaba luyaphi kancane, njengoba umfula ethule, it is ithuthuka ngokushesha njengoba Thriller. Egumbini imfihlo izivakashi bengamenyiwe elinde kakade Jorge abayizimpumputhe. Ezandleni zakhe incwadi efanayo - lost kuphela ikhophi umsebenzi "yokuhlekwa," U-Aristotle, ingxenye "Poetics" yesibili. Lokhu "cardinal grey" owayelokhu bazithobe konke, kuhlanganise wesigodlo, kuyilapho usabona Amakhasi ofakwe yencwadi wazonda ubuthi, ngakho akekho umuntu ongafunda ke. Aristotle wajabulela ngenhlonipho enkulu phakathi nezazi Ephakathi. Jorge babenovalo lokuthi uma ukuhleka uzobe ukuqinisekisile yigunya ke lonke uhlelo ziyowa yamanani ayo, okuyinto wayebheka abangamaKristu kuphela. Ukuze lokhu yena waba bayengelwa ekwenzeni yisicupho itshe wesigodlo waphula indlela kuvula umnyango. Monk Blind inikeza Wilhelm sokufunda le ncwadi. Kodwa ngemva kokufunda ukuthi uyazi imfihlo amashidi ushevu ezazigcwele, yena ngokwakhe iqala amunca amashidi. William ezama ukuthatha kude incwadi endala, kodwa Umuntu oqondiswa kahle kule nkathi yokukhula uyabaleka. Futhi lapho kuyomfica, wasiphula isibani amcibe ku imigqa izincwadi. uwoyela ezichithekile ngokushesha ihlanganisa eyesikhumba umlilo. Wilhelm nge Adson ngokuyisimangaliso ilondolozwe kusuka umlilo. ilangabi Isakhiwo kusukela adluliselwa nezinye izakhiwo. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, esizeni Isigodlo abacebe kuphela ukubhema amanxiwa.

Ingabe ikhona zokuziphatha indzabambhalo postmodern?

Amahlaya, kungabhekisela nezinkomba kwezinye imisebenzi izincwadi, umphenyi indaba, esikhulu umongo zomlando kwekhulu weshumi nane - ukuthi akusiwona wonke "chips 'ukuthi okuheha umfundi" Igama Rose. " Ukuhlaziya lo mkhiqizo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba yahlulele ukuthi ebonakalayo bezijabulisa kufihlwe kunencazelo ejulile. I protagonist akuyona uWilliam Omkhulu waseCanterbury, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke nesizotha Adson kumbhali amanothi. Leli gama, okuyinto uzama ukukhomba share kucinanise abanye. Inkinga enkululeko kwangaphakathi ophakamayo ngumlobi futhi esanda reinvented. izingcaphuno Kaleidoscope imisebenzi abadumile enovelini akusho nje ukwenza erudite umfundi ukumamatheka. Kodwa kanye syllogisms behlakaniphile, sihlangane futhi okuzobe kudlalelwa udaba nakakhulu. Lomqondo ukubekezelelana, ikhono ukuhlonipha umhlaba jikelele lomunye umuntu. Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo inkululeko yokukhuluma, iqiniso ukuthi kufanele 'yasho uvela ophahleni "okuphikisana kokwethula akanacala njengendlela yokugcina, ukuba imizamo ukuphoqelela waso umbono akuyona ngokuqiniseka, kodwa ngamandla. Ngesikhathi lapho ezinyantisayo igil umemezele amanani European baqede okungabekezeleleki, le noveli ibonakala olufanele nakakhulu.

"Amanothi" Igama Rose "Amasimu"

Emva kokushicilelwa kwendabuko enyangeni yezinyanga kwaba yinto engcono kakhulu. Abafundi bamane baqede umlobi wegama elithi "Igama LaseRose" ngezinhlamvu ezibuza imibuzo ngale ncwadi. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-Nineteen-Eighty-Three, W. Eko uvumele ukuthi afune ukwazi "laboratory yakhe yokudala". "Amanothi emasimini ethi" Igama LaseRose "lilotshwe ngokuhlakanipha futhi lihlekisa. Kuzo, umbhali we-bestseller wembula izimfihlo zenveli ephumelelayo. Eminyakeni eyisithupha emva kokukhishwa kweveli "Igama LaseRose" lihlolwe. Iqondiswe uJean-Jacques Annot ohilelekile ekuqopheni abadlali abadumile. USean Connery wenza kahle umsebenzi uWilhelm Baskerville. Osemncane, kodwa umlingisi onama talent Christian Christian Slater waba ngu-Adson. Le filimu yaba yimpumelelo enkulu ebhokisini lebhokisi, inesizathu sokuthi izimali ezibekwe kulo futhi zanikezwa imiklomelo eminingi emincintiswaneni yefilimu. Kodwa u-Eko ngokwakhe wayengajabuli kakhulu nalesi simo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umlobi wanciphisa umsebenzi wakhe, okwenza kube umkhiqizo wesintu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wenqabe bonke abaqondisi abacele ithuba lokuqopha imisebenzi yakhe.