Kanjani ukwakha indlu ephumelelayo energy-?

Kunezizathu eziningana ukwenza ukwakhiwa emakhaya azo lokwenza igezi yanele ubuchwepheshe. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ukusebenza ekhaya lakho ngeke wena nezindleko ezimbalwa. Kodwa kubalulekile nokuba ukudayiswa ongakhetha ezinjalo kuyoba sikhange ngokwengeziwe kubantu ezisebenza abathengi, futhi intengo ngoba lingahunyushwa isethwe elingaphezulu kakhulu kwaleli.

Mayelana ngentuthuko yakamuva amandla makethe yembulunga yonke bafinyelela esiphethweni elandelayo. Inani angumtfombo amandla, okungukuthi uwoyela, kuyinto awahlali futhi bayohlala bengabakho. Uma uhlola esidlule futhi sihlaziye izindleko amafutha la mazwi ayiqiniso. Ngakho kufanele ngandlela-thile ukuphuma, isibonelo, uhlele ukwakhiwa eyonga ugesi ukuthengwa amandla imishini esebenza kahle.

Hhayi inzuzo impahla kuphela inzuzo lolu hlobo izindlu. Eqinisweni, ukunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa, thina nihlanze somoya wethu ozungeze umhlaba izidakamizwa eziyingozi kanye ukungcola okubangelwa uphethiloli amandla omlilo. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu umnikelo azinakwa ukuze ukuhlanzwa iplanethi yethu, futhi liqhubeka ukuthola izifo umzimba uxabane nawo, kanye nezifo ze-epidermis nesisu. Nokho, it is hhayi kunjalo, nje ake abantu ukuphila nalolu bhubhane.

Yini esisichitha amandla emakhaya ethu?

Uma uthatha endlini evamile yangasese, kukhona "izidla" eziningana amandla:

• ezihlukahlukene zikagesi kagesi;
• ukukhanya;
• ukufudumala;
• amanzi bafudumale.

Mayelana 72% wawo onke amandla ichithwa amalahle emakhaya ethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphambili ezweni lethu akazange cabanga osindisa futhi kwakhiwe izindlu, ningabuyiseli ngokukhethekile zihlale zifudumele. EYurophu, isimo asisibi kangako ukuthi njengoba esidabukisayo, kodwa umlando wabo futhi abampofu - 57%.

Thina ukubhekana nomqondo energostandartov

ukwakhiwa eyongayo kwaduma nineties. Eyokuqala nentshisekelo kulo eJalimane, eFrance, neSweden kanye neSwitzerland. ochwepheshe European aseqalile ukuxhumanisa ukulahlekelwa amandla kusuka izindlu kahle ngci, ukuma okungajwayelekile kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka nge abampofu indawo ngokuhlobene eziyinhloko. Izindleko ukulungiswa kwalezi amaphutha kukhona ayibalulekile, ngakho kungani ungasindisi? Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwaqala ukwehlukana izakhiwo zokuhlala kuzinhlobo:

• Eyongayo endlini. Labo ababebhekwa ukuba ukwakhiwa, ugcina amaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa zamanje kusuka amandla sokudliwa indlu ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa izitshalo ezisebenza nge kubakhiqizi abakhiqiza imithombo energy (windmill welanga) no zifudumele emhlabeni amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu.
• Ukwakhiwa kanye ukusetshenziswa ongaphakeme. Lapha, i-ratio indinganiso ekhaya ukusetshenziswa akuyona angaphezu kwamashumi amane nanhlanu, iphesenti kanye kwemihlambi mayelana amabili ngamasentimitha.
• ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo Passive kubhekwa ukusetshenziswa aphansi kakhulu - 30% uma kuqhathaniswa no-izakhiwo ezivamile. Onjiniyela sifinyelele onjalo Imiphumela sibonga ukwahlukanisa kakhulu, nokusebenzisa kahle ukushisa - yemvelo futhi lokho ngobuwula ayichitha ukupholisa izinhlelo. Ngokuvamile, le mizi anemisila zifudumele wamashumi omathathu amasentimitha awugqinsi, umthombo akancike kagesi nokushisa.
• Buildings musa kudle amandla. Yebo, ohlela ukuyisebenzisa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi uzonikezwa kunethiwekhi ugesi. Nokho, ngenkathi lokhu kuphela isilingo. zifudumele kule mikhaya - ngamasentimitha amane.

Ibala ukushisa

Uma sithatha ku-akhawunti ukuthi iningi ugesi kungachithwa on ukushisa, ukuthi amakhaya energostandart akhethiwe ngesisekelo isici E. Ikhombisa yezinkathi ezithile ukushisa funa - zibonisa inani ezidingekayo Ukushisa ngamunye imitha square. Ake sihlaziye lokho inquma isilinganiso:

• ukusebenza Thermal.
• ukupholisa hlobo.
• Ukuma kwesakhiwo kuya eziyinhloko.
• Isibalo ukushisa yasekhaya.

Futhi uzinake iyona isilinganiso kwesejwayelekile we yezinkathi ezithile ukushisa ukusetshenziswa E0. Iphinde inquma lemali edingekayo ukushisa for amalahle imitha cubic, kodwa ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi isakhiwo eyakhelwe kuhambisana yonke imithetho nokulungisa. E0 esibaliwe isilinganiso odongeni olungaphandle ukuze ivolumu eshubile.

Kanjani inzuzo indlu ephumelelayo energy-?

Ubuchwepheshe ngcono, futhi uma sibheka ikusasa, singasho ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezindlu - kungcono ukonga. Manje ukutshalwa abelwe ukwakhiwa yekwentiwa, ezingamaphesenti angu-20 kwangu-izindleko isiphakamiso sokwakha isakhiwo ejwayelekile. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa, umehluko kuyehla ngamaphesenti angu-10. Futhi kungaqinisekiswa ngokuthola isipiliyoni abakhi bakwamanye amazwe. indlu eyongayo - kukho okuhle ngokuba utshalomali. Ingabe ukuqinisekisa lokhu, cabanga ngesibonelo esilandelayo. Njengoba isibonelo, ukuthatha evamile iholide ekhaya endaweni 150 izikwele, labantu yomndeni owodwa. Njengoba kulungiselelwa ukushisa kule ndlu ukhetha gas okokubilisa. Khona-ke izindleko ukusebenza izindlu kuyoba kanje:

• Ukushisa - 144 kW / m ^2;
• Ukushisa amanzi - 30 kW / m ^2;
• izinjongo zasekhaya (zikagesi, ukupheka, ukukhanya) - 26 kW / m ^2.

Kulokhu, kuvela ukuthi ngonyaka kule ndlu Uzodla kWh 30,000. Uma esikhundleni indlu esezingeni ukuthatha indlu ephumelelayo energy- sokhuni, isithombe simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Ukushisa - 44 kW / m ^2;
• Ukushisa amanzi - 30 kW / m ^2;
• izinjongo zasekhaya (zikagesi, ukupheka, ukukhanya) - 26 kW / m ^2.

Low-amandla endlini Uzodla yonyaka 15 000 kW. Ubude, ungagcina ku ukusebenza mayelana 50% amakhaya. Imininingwane yakhuthaza kakhulu.

endaweni window

Manje, kule izakhiwo ezintsha kungaba ngokuvamile ukuthola ezinkulu ingilazi mbumbulu. Nokho, i-Windows ayikuvumeli ukwakhiwa Ukuvikelwa ezishisayo, Ukuvikelwa ezishisayo we dolobha eduze izindonga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokombono isikhala ukukhanyiselwa namafasitela amakhulu ukunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa ukuze kukhanyiswe yikona. Kufanele ufune umhlabathi ophakathi. Uma kuhlelelwa elikhulu kakhulu-ke ubhekwa isilinganiso 6: 1, lapho 6 - endaweni phansi futhi 1 - ebhokisini. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngalo ekhaya eyonga amandla futhi esekamelo 36 square metres. I elikhulu elicwebezelayo endaweni liyobe mayelana 6 square metres.

Design emakhaya eyonga amandla. Yamakhathalogi amaphrojekthi

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga, mayelana 80% emizini yabazalwane lakhiwa phezu msebenzi. Kungenzeka yini ukwakha ngesisekelo yalezi zindlela, indlu ephumelelayo energy-? Projects sibaningi atholakala lwemibhalo ekhethekile, futhi yimiphi ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha ukukhetha?

A umsebenzi obalulekile - ukunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa esiphansi. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, share sengonyama ngakho ichithwa isikhala Ukushisa ebusika. Nokho, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ngokwandisa ungqimba ukwahlukanisa, indlu ayenzi eyonga ugesi. Lapha indlela kufanele kube olunzulu. Kubalulekile ukususa zonke amabhuloho umoya abandayo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ukupholisa lokukhanda.

Sinake izindonga nophahla

Ngaphambi yokufuna lo msebenzi kufanele ngokucophelela wahlola ukuze ivumelane ukwahlukanisa okuqhubekayo. Eyongayo indlu - kungcono ukwakhiwa, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokucucuza yobunzima. Ngenxa lesi sici sesihlahla emoyeni abandayo ngeke bangene endlini. Afakwe ezimvilophini ukuba yonke into kusukela iminyango futhi kokuqeda ophahleni. Izindonga zalezi izindlu lemva nge ungqimba double, futhi uphahla kwenziwe nge zihlale zifudumele futhi isithiyo ububi ngentukuthelo. Emalungeni zokubopha zivaliwe ingcina tape ekhethekile.

ekubalweni kuhle kwegezi

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, isakhiwo eyonga amandla kubhekwa oqothulayo amaphesenti akukho kuka ayisikhombisa energy kagesi kusukela inani ibusa endlini evamile. Cabanga E Coefficient nokubaluleka kwalo:

• Ngoba isilinganiso ekhaya isici. E kuncane noma elilingana 110 kW / m ^2.
• Ukuze eyonga amandla amakhaya Coefficient. E kuncane noma elilingana 70 kW / m ^2.
• Ukuze yokwenziwa endlini okuza. E kuncane noma elilingana 15 kW / m ^2.

Entshonalanga kubhekwa indlela yesimanje kubalwa songa amandla esihamba izakhiwo by Ep koefffitsientu. Libonisa inani namandla adingekayo Ukushisa, umoya omncane, amanzi Ukushisa, ukukhanyisa kanye air conditioning. Cabanga Ukwahlukaniswa izakhiwo, kuye ngokuthi u-Eri:

• Ukuze izakhiwo yokwenziwa Coefficient. Ep kuncane noma elilingana 0.25.
• Ukuze ezakhiwe ukonga wokuthi imfushane kunalokho noma ilingane 0.5.
• Ukuze energy esisindisa izakhiwo Coefficient. Ep kuncane noma elilingana 0.75.
• ke lincane noma elingana no-1 ngoba izakhiwo ezivamile.
• Ukuze izakhiwo yokwenziwa Coefficient. Ep kuncane noma elilingana 0.25.
• Ukuze izakhiwo kakhulu amandla khudlwana Ep mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 1.5.

Umbuzo ukupholisa bafudumale

Sesixoxile mayelana lokuthi ekhaya eyonga amandla kufanele ifakwe ukupholisa mechanical nge ukushisa esikhiqiza umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha iphrojekthi, kudingeka siqiniseke ukuthi indlu inikeza ukupholisa ezinjalo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukupholisa ezivamile ayisebenzi njengenhlangano ikhaya moya. Futhi uzinake ukuthi ukupholisa okudonsa isebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa kancane ngenhla zero, ngakho ehlobo kuba pheze engenamsebenzi.

Ngo uphawu amandla amakhaya kahle show umhlabeleli ngokwayo ukupholisa mechanical, okuyinto uzothola ukushisa okuvela emoyeni qeda. ukupholisa okunjalo kwenza ukuphatha ekhaya ngaphandle evamile amanzi bafudumale system, okuzoba nomphumela kukuthenga radiators, amapayipi bafudumale ukufaka. Ngakho qaphela lapho ukhetha indlu imiklamo eyonga amandla kuzomele sifake lolu hlobo ukupholisa.

Ezinye ubuqili ukwakhiwa

Ake sihlole ubuqili ukwakhiwa okunjalo. Uma uhlela ukwakha indlu ephumelelayo energy- ngezandla zakhe, kubalulekile ukwazi inani eliqondile nabantu abayobe bephila lapho. Phela, abantu ngokwabo ukudala ukushisa yasekhaya - lapho ukuwasha izingubo, ukupheka ukusetshenziswa zikagesi. It kuvela ukuthi indlu inkulu kakhulu ngeke kucatshangelwe eyongayo, inqobo nje uma abantu abambalwa bayobe behlala kuzo. Wena kufanele iphathe ngokucophelela ukugeleza ephumelelayo zamanje, ngokukhetha Imishini eyonga amandla kanye nemishini. Kuyoba usizo ukuhlomisa izindlu elakhelene sezwe ngokwezwi amaphuzu cardinal kanye izimo zezulu endaweni yangakini.

isiphetho

Design and ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eyonga ugesi esikhathini esizayo kuyoba cishe lo mkhuba kuphela embonini yezokwakha. Ngakho kudingeka ucabange ngalokho okwamanje.