"Ubuntwana" nguMaxim Gorky njengobunikazi bokuzimela

Ubuntwana bukaMaxim Gorky, omunye wabalobi baseRussia abakhulu kunazo zonke, babanjwe eVolga, eNizhny Novgorod. Igama lakhe ngaleso sikhathi kwakungu-Alyosha Peshkov, iminyaka eyayihlala endlini yomkhulu yayigcwele izenzakalo, hhayi njalo ezimnandi, okwenza abalingisi bezobuchwepheshe beSoviet nabahlaziyi bezincwadi bakwazi ukuhumusha lezi zinkumbulo njengobungqina obuphikisayo bokungcoliswa kwamabhilikithi.

Imikhawulo yobuntwana bomuntu ovuthiwe

Ngo-1913, ekubeni umuntu ovuthiwe (futhi wayeseneminyaka engamashumi amane nanhlanu ubudala), umlobi wayefuna ukukhumbula ukuthi ubuntwana bakhe buhamba kanjani. UMaxim Gorky, ngaleso sikhathi umlobi wamanoveli amathathu, amanoveli amahlanu, ahlukahlukene adlala futhi izindaba eziningana ezinhle, umfundi wayemthandayo. Ubuhlobo bakhe neziphathimandla kwakunzima. Ngo-1902 wayeyilungu elihloniphekile le-Imperial Academy of Sciences, kodwa ngokushesha wasuswa lesi sihloko ngokugqugquzela izimpikiswano. Ngo-1905, umlobi wajoyina i-RSDLP, okubonakala sengathi ekugcineni yenza indlela yakhe yokufunda ekuhloleni kwabalingiswa bayo.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi, i-trilogy autobiographical yaqala, okuyinto uMaxim Gorky eyakhayo. "Ubuntwana" yindaba yokuqala. Imigqa yayo yokuqala yabeka ngokushesha ukuthi ayibhalelwe umphakathi, elambile ukuzijabulisa. Iqala ngeso lengcwaba lomngcwabo kayise, okuyinto umfana akhumbule kuyo yonke imininingwane yayo, kuze kube yilapho amehlo evalwa ngemali yesihlanu yama-kopeck. Naphezu kokuqina komunye umfutho wokubona kwengane, incazelo ichazwa ngempela, isithombe sicacile futhi sichaza.

Isakhiwo se-Autobiographical

Ngemva kokushona kukayise, unina uthatha izingane futhi uziphathele e-steamboat esuka e-Astrakhan eya eNizhny Novgorod, kumkhulu wakhe. Ingane, umfowabo ka-Alyosha, ushona endleleni.

Bamukele kuqala ngomusa, kuphela ukukhononda kwekhanda lomndeni "Eh, wena-futhi-futhi!" Yenza ingxabano endala eyavela ngenxa yomshado ongathandeki wendodakazi. Umkhulu uKashirin ungomabhizinisi, unayo ibhizinisi lakhe, usebenza ngemidwebo yokudweba. Iphunga elimnandi, umsindo, amagama angavamile "i-vitriol", "fuchsin" iyamcasula ingane. Ubuntwana bukaMaxim Gorky bwenzeka kulokhu kuphazamiseka, omalume babenesihluku, abanesihluku futhi, ngokusobala, bayiziphukuphuku, futhi umkhulu wayephethe yonke imikhuba yomhlukumezi wasekhaya. Kodwa konke okunzima kunazo zonke, incazelo yezinkohliso "eziholela phambili," yayingaphambili.

Abalingiswa

Imininingwane eminingi yasendlini kanye nobuhlobo obuhlukahlukene phakathi kwabalingiswa abangenakuqhathanisa bonke abafundi abazithatha ingxenye yokuqala ye-trilogy, ebhalwe nguMaxim Gorky, "Ubuntwana". Abalingiswa abakhulu bezinkulumo zezindaba ukuze amazwi abo abonakale ehambela endaweni ethile eduze komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke umuntu ngamunye indlela yokukhuluma ngayinye yazo. Ugogo, ogama lakhe ekubunjweni kobuntu bomlobi wesikhathi esizayo angeke lube namandla kakhulu, njengoba luba ngumusa omuhle, ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazalwane abahlukumezayo, abanjwe ukuhaha, babangele ukuzizwa benengekayo.

Umsebenzi omuhle, umthwalo womkhulu womakhelwane, wayengumuntu ongekho emthethweni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusobala ukuthi wayenengqondo engavamile. Nguye owafundisa u-Alyosha omncane ukuveza lo mbono ngendlela efanele futhi ngokucacile, okungabazeki ukuthi wathonya ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okubhala. U-Ivan Tsyganok, oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala owasungula emndenini, wayenomusa kakhulu, okwakubonakala ngezinye izikhathi eminye imingcele. Ngakho-ke, eya emakethe yokuthenga, wayehlala echitha imali encane kunalokho ebekufanele acabange, futhi wanika umkhulu wakhe umehluko, ezama ukumjabulisa. Njengoba kwenzeka, ukulondoloza, wayeba. Ukukhuthala ngokweqile futhi kwaholela ekufeni kwakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi: waqhekeza, egcwalisa iphuzu lenkosi.

Kuyoba khona ukubonga kuphela ...

Ukufunda indaba ethi "Ubuntwana" uMaxim Gorky, kunzima ukungaqondi umqondo wokubonga ukuthi umlobi wabhekana nabantu abazungezile eminyakeni yokuqala. Lokho ayekuthole kubo kwacebisa umphefumulo wakhe, yena ngokwakhe owawufanisa nomhlathi ozele uju. Futhi akukho lutho oluthandayo yena ngezinye izikhathi wayebuhlungu, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ungcolile. Ukushiya kumkhulu ohlazo ekhaya "kubantu", wayenelisekile ngokwanele ngokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila, ukuze angabikho, ukuze angabikho ezweni elikhulile eliyinkimbinkimbi.

Indaba yaba yilaphakade. Njengoba isikhathi sibonisiwe, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kaningi ngisho nokuxhunyaniswa yizibopho zegazi, yizici kuzo zonke izikhathi kanye nezinhlelo zomphakathi.