Denisovan. Genome denisovan

Ubunjalo besintu ngokwesisekelo, umsuka indoda - yilokho okuthandwa abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi nemibono. Ososayensi ucwaningo, ukuzama ukuthola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda mayelana nomunye zenyathi abantu basendulo yokuqothulwa.

Denisovan noma denisovets okuthiwa babukhona nakwa Soloneshensky District Altai Krai eduze Denisova Umgede. Ubufakazi kule itholwe izinkathi ezahlukene futhi izingqimba ezahlukene babehlezi emuva emhumeni.

Okwamanje, it wathola izingcezu ezinhlanu kuphela, ikuvumela inkulumo mayelana denisovan. Nokho, lezi amathrekhi kuze kube manje akwanele ukubuyisela ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwayo. Nokho, izingcezwana wathola ngokwanele ukuba baphikise ngokuthi izinsalela indoda sihluke izinsalela Homo Sapiens, kanye izinsalela Neanderthal.

Denisova emhumeni

Lokhu emhumeni ithandwa kakhulu isikhumbuzi abavubukuli, okungase ukuziqhayisa Altai. Denisovan wahlala lapha, 250 ukusuka emzini Biisk. Emhumeni mikhulu, endaweni 270 m².

Itholakala eduze nemizana kungokwalabo uhlobo ovundlile, okuyinto edonsela inqwaba izivakashi. Nokho, lapha futhi kukhona abavubukuli, umsebenzi onzima engasasetshenziselwa kwaholela emphumeleni.

Ngokusho ngemiphumela yocwaningo ezingqimbeni engezansi emhumeni, ogama yobudala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 120, ngamathuluzi nemihlobiso atholakele, kanye izibazi phansi ekhuluma ngabantu basendulo, amqamba ngokuthi Denisovskoe.

Fragments denisovan izinsalela

Phakathi khona likahulumeni waseSoviet molars ezintathu zitholwe ngobukhulu okuningi kuka namazinyo womuntu ziyafinyeleleka. Ngokwe-luhlolo, awase ukuba umuntu wesilisa esemncane. Futhi kwatholakala ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu cezu, ukuhlaziya element Kwenziwa kuze kube manje.

ithambo ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu umntwana umunwe - Ngezinye Mayelana nokwenzeka kamuva, has esinye isici itholwe 2008.

Genome denisovan

Fragments sitholakale denisovan ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu kuye ithimba of Leipzig Institute usufunde ososayensi kwemvelo Anthropology. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi DNA mitochondrial denisovan sihluke DNA mitochondrial ka Homo sapiens at 385 nucleotide. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ufuzo Neanderthal ihlukile ufuzo ka-Homo Sapiens 202 ama-nucleotide.

Denisovan esihlobene eduze AmaNeanderthal kuka kumuntu ezinengqondo. Futhi uzinake ukuthi izakhi eziye zatholakala e-baseMelanesia bayithanda kabi, futhi evumela ukuthi sikhulume inezimpabano sabantu ngesikhathi lapho baseMelanesia bayithanda kabi iphuma Afrika futhi bathuthela le eningizimu-mpumalanga.

Inzala denisovan

Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa, denisovan ahlukaniswe njengoba zenyathi ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 400-800 edlule. Namuhla, lolu cwaningo ezitholakala Denisova Umgede izingcezwana ikuvumela ukuthola izakhi zayo zofuzo ezingafika ku izizwe eziningi zanamuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, iningi izakhi efanayo ezitholakala abakhileyo emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi eningizimu yeChina, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iminonjana wathola laba bantu basendulo eSiberia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi okuthiwa zenyathi abantu yokuqothulwa, kanye lo muntu Neanderthal, lidlule European labantu izakhi zofuzo izivikeli mzimba. Ngenxa yalolu cwaningo-ke wakwazi futhi wenze imodeli computer ezibonisa ukuthuthelwa indlela ezahlukene okhokho abantu nezindawo emihlanganweni yabo denisovtsami.

Ososayensi e-Sweden bathi ukuthola iminonjana denisovan kungenzeka ngokuqhathanisa imiphumela DNA nge-DNA abantu yesimanje.

Ngemva ukuqhathanisa ulwazi wathola njengoba ukufana denisovtsa ne ndoda wanamuhla, futhi mayelana okufanayo okutholakele ku Neanderthal futhi denisovtsa. Futhi, lapho sathola khona ukuthi izakhi zofuzo denisovan eziqukethwe genotypes zabantu okuqondene sabantu wasolwandle futhi abangebona base-Afrika.

Sebenza at waseHarvard Medical School

Ngokusho ucwaningo waseHarvard Medical School, denisovtsy phambidlana kakhulu kusukela abantu yesimanje ngaphandle Neandertals, nakuba ekuqaleni babebhekwa abazala. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi AmaNeanderthal futhi denisovtsy ezahlukene ngokulinganayo kusuka Homo sapiens. Nokho, isazi sesayensi Harvard uDavide kwamaNazi wakwazi ukusiphika.

Nokho, isazi sesayensi ukuthi lo mehluko zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi denisovtsy Ashada izinhlobo ezahlukene abantu basendulo.

I umbono usosayensi German Iogannesa Krauze

ISAZI sezakhi zofuzo waseJalimane uJohannes Krause wase-University of Tübingen ebheka khona ukuthi ukuziba izingcezwana atholakala kunoma isiphi isimo engenakwenzeka. Bekanye nozakwabo usosayensi ukutadisha isakhi sofuzo denisovan ngokuba khona iminonjana beyizalaniselana. Iqiniso lokuthi denisovtsa wathola namazinyo zinkulu kakhulu kulolu hlobo phansi ekhuluma ngabantu basendulo. Kubonakala sengathi amadlozi yayo ngqo kwaba uhlobo lasekuqaleni.

Ngokusho uprofesa, ukuchaza strangeness amazinyo lakheka ngokubizwa inguqulo denisovtsy Ashada izinguqulo zakudala zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho uprofesa, cishe, kwakuvele zinhlobo ziyavezwa, njengoba iningi labo wafunda ezakhini zofuzo.

Yini ososayensi bathi London?

umcwaningi London Chris Stringer we Natural History Museum e-UK ukholelwa ukuthi indoda Heidelberg, azinze eYurophu nase-Western Asia, kwakungase ukuhlangabezana denisovan, okwaholela inezimpabano mass. Kuyinto nakuyicabanga esihle kungaba ube yindoda erectus ekugcineni, njengoba kwakuvamile ezindaweni eziningi, futhi likwazi ukuhlangana denisovtsami.

Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukuxazulula lezi izingxabano esebenzisa ezivamile DNA ukuhlaziya zonke lezi zilwane, kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngoba nje asizange sisinde. Iningi Homininae wahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa ngoba izinsalela zabo zofuzo is engafakwanga, ngokungafani denisovtsev Neandertal futhi okuyinto atholakele ogxile ezimweni sibi futhi abandayo.

Indima cross-zizalela emvelweni yomuntu

Namhlanje, sesivele ukwazana zinhlobo futhi zenyathi abantu basendulo, abangamalungu okhokho bethu. Akufanele uphike yokuthi ngemva okhokho babantu bethuthile Afrika, base abhanqiwe nge ezihlukahlukene yezinye izinhlobo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye genomes ezithakazelisayo izofakwa esikhathini esizayo.

Okwamanje, vele sesiyazi ukuthi kukhona njalo mass owela, kuhlanganise hominin engakaziwa kuze kube manje. Thanda ososayensi abaningi bathi ezinye izinhlobo isithakazelo kwavela eminyakeni engaba ngu-700.000 edlule.

Kususelwa izifundo, singaphetha ngokuthi ngesikhathi esithile phakathi kwemvelo yomuntu ihlukaniswe imigqa eziningana, enye okwaholela kamuva denisovan, kanye nezinye wayevela okhokho Homo sapiens futhi indoda Neanderthal ngaphezulu lasendulo. Futhi, ososayensi bathola ukuthi abantu AmaNeanderthal denisovtsy nezinye Homo Sapiens isikhathi esithile wahlala e-Altai, wawela nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owela iphutha nezinye izinhlobo elalihlanganyela denisovtsam ngezikhathi ezihlukene futhi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi asizange sisinde DNA nezinye izinhlobo zabantu lasendulo, kungenjalo uxhumano kungenzeka usukela ngokucace kakhudlwana. Nokho, isayensi yanamuhla yomuntu akusho yima, mhlawumbe ngokushesha sizobe ukufunda okuthile okusha mayelana imisuka yethu.