Ama-champignon akhula endaweni engaphansi kwebhizinisi: izimo nobuchwepheshe

Ama-champignon akhula endlini engaphansi avame ukubonwa hhayi njengomqondo webhizinisi, kodwa njengento yokuzilibazisa engajwayelekile engozini ye-amateur. Nokho, kulo msebenzi, ungenza inzuzo ngempela! Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubhekana kahle nalolu daba: ukwakha uhlelo lwebhizinisi, ukubala inzuzo nokutshala izimali, nokuhlola izingozi.

Uma unesithakazelo kulo mbono, ake siqale "ukuhlaziywa kwezindiza"!

Ungaqala kanjani ibhizinisi?

Ama-champignon akhula engaphansi kwesakhiwo sefulethini ngumqondo wangempela wokuqaphela. Kungani kungenjalo, ngoba i-microclimate ihambisana ngokugcwele nokuziphatha kwemisebenzi enjalo, futhi amakhowe akhathazekile kakhulu nezimo.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo i-algorithm yenhlangano yebhizinisi ingethulwa kanje:

1. Qonda ubuchwepheshe bemifula ekhulayo.
2. Lungiselela indawo encane yokuhlala izithombo.
3. Ukukhipha igciwane lokushisa igciwane.
4. Thenga i-mycelium.
5. Ukuthenga umquba noma izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza.
6. Tshala i-mycelium ku-substrate.
7. Lawula amazinga okushisa nama-humidity.
8. Ukuqoqa isivuno, ukugcina imithetho ebekiwe.
9. Thola izindawo futhi uthengise izimpahla.

Sizohlaziya iphuzu ngalinye lenhlangano yokulima amakhowe endlini.

Ukubhaliswa Kwebhizinisi

Ama-champignon akhula njengebhizinisi (engaphansi) kufanele abhaliswe ngokomthetho. Uma-ke, umthamo wokukhiqiza kwakho awukhawulelwanga "emzimbeni ngokwawo, omakhelwane beqembu."

Uma kuziwa ikakhulukazi kwezohwebo, futhi ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuqaliswa ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokudayisa, amathilomu, njll, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamaphepha.

Ungakhathazeki uma ungahlangabezane nalolu daba ngaphambili. Kuhle kakhulu. Cabanga ngezenzo zakho ngesimo se-algorithm yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Kubalulekile ukubhalisa i-IP. Ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukuhamba nepasipoti ekuhloleni kwentela esiseduze.
2. Njengombonakaliso womsebenzi, ukhetha ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo nokudayiswa.
3. Ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi ungathembela intela eyodwa yezolimo - 6%. Lena inketho yentela enenzuzo kakhulu.
4. Izakhiwo zokutshala ama-mushroom kufanele zihlolwe ngabasebenzi be-phytosanitary inspection. Esingaphansi kufanele kube nesimiso semisakazo esamukelekayo. Emva kokuhlolwa, uzokhishwa isitifiketi.
5. Futhi ekuhloleni kwe-phytosanitary uzohlola izimpahla ngaphambi kokudayiswa. Ngaphandle kwesitifiketi sekhwalithi, akukho iklayenti elijulile elizosebenzisana nawe. Ukufaneleka kwesitifiketi esisodwa yisikhathi "sokuphila" kwesinye ibhakede lomquba. Uzocacisa lolu lwazi uma ubhaliswa.

Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa, sizocabangela izimo zokutshala ama-mushroom engaphansi.

Yiziphi izimo zomsebenzi

Ama-champignon akhula esingaphansi komuzi wangasese ulandela imigomo efanayo nakwezinye izindawo. Okuningi mayelana nobuchwepheshe sizokhuluma ngokuqhubekayo. Futhi manje ake sibone ukuthi iziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole isivuno esiningi sama-mushroom.

Ama-champignon akhula egumbini elingaphansi kwegalaji noma kwenye indawo yakha ukutholakala komsindo oqinile. Zonke ezinye izidingo zizohlaziywa ngezigaba:

• Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, iphansi kufanele libe nekhonkritha, kunokugqoka okwebumba.
• Igumbi ngokwalo lihlukaniswe ngangokunokwenzeka emvelweni, ngaphandle kwamathuba okungcola okuvela ngaphandle.
• Omunye umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhulile ukudayiswa: ama-mushroom awadingi umthombo wokukhanya ohlala njalo. Lokhu kunikeza imali eningi kwizinto zokusebenza kanye nezikweletu zomsebenzi. Kwanele ukubeka isibani esisodwa engaphansi ukuze usebenze kalula.
• Ngisho endaweni encane, ungahlela ukutshala inani elikhulu lokuvuna. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziqukathi zifakwe "emigqeni", zibeka phansi phansi ama-rack evamile. Ukuphakama kokukhula kwama-mushroom kuncane, okwenza kube lula ukwenza amantombazane ibanga elincane.
• Kubalulekile ukucabangela lesi sici: umquba wamakhowe uzokhipha isikhutha se-carbon dioxide. Akujabulisi ngoba kubangela ukuqina. Futhi amakhowe ahlupheka kabi kangaka. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga, qalisa uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuphuza umoya.
• Ungadluli nge-ventilating ekamelweni. I-Skvoznyaki iphinde isitha sesithombo sakho. Futhi emigodini ye-ventilation ukufaka inetha lomsiyane ngamaseli amancane ukuvimbela ingress yezinambuzane zibe ngaphakathi.
• Kumbuso wokushisa, amakhowe, noma kunjalo, angenakuzithoba. Zama ukugcina izinga "ngisho", lokhu kwanele. Ehlobo, uma kunesidingo, isetshenzisiwe sisetshenziswa. Ama-champignon akhula endlini yangaphakathi ebusika angadinga ukufakwa kohlelo lokushisa (uma igumbi libandayo kakhulu).
• Hlola izinga lokumswakama emiphongolweni. Kungancishiswa ngomoya wokuphuza umoya, kodwa nge-spray elula ngamanzi.

Luhlobo luni lokulungiswa kwamakamelo oludingekayo ngaphambi kokuba lukhule?

Njengamanye amakhowe amaningi, azwela izifo kanye nezidumbu nama-mushroom. Ukukhula engaphansi (inqubo yobuchwepheshe, eqinisweni, ilula kakhulu) ihlanganisa ukulungiselela ngokucophelela isayithi ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale. Imisebenzi yokuqala ihlanganisa ukukhipha ukushiswa kwesimiso, ukukhishwa kwendawo, ukususa isikhunta kanye nethuba lokubonakala kwalo ngokuqhubekayo. Uma ungasondeli kahle ngale nkinga, isivuno singadalwa. Kuyinto ehlazo ukubhubhisa leli cala izinyanga ezimbalwa ngenxa yobuvila obulula, akunjalo?

Uma ungafuni ukuhlola ukumelana kwesibungulu endaweni enobungozi, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Hlola ikamelo lezinambuzane (langempela, uma ngaphambilini kule mifino egcinwe emiphongolweni). Uma uthola okungenani abantu abambalwa, qiniseka ukwenza ukwelashwa nge-chlorophos.
2. Zonke izakhiwo zimbozwe nge-lime, okungeziwe nge-sulphate yethusi.
3. Sebenzisa i- saber ye-sulfur ukuze uthole igumbi.
4. Futhi, isikhala sipholwa ngesisombululo se-4% se-formalin.
5. Ufuna ukuzibamba? Thatha isitsha esijulile nge-sawdust bese uwathululela nge-disinfectant. Beka ibhokisi emnyango emiphongolweni. Kuzosebenza njengesibambiso esengeziwe ezinambuzane.
6. Ngemuva kokusebenza, sebenzisa ngokucophelela phansi. Uma kungenjalo, ungalimaza hhayi kuphela izithombo, kodwa ngisho nempilo yakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhala okulula akunikezi umphumela okhethekile. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi udinga isistimu yokuphuza umoya. Isibonelo, ungafaka abalandeli abengeziwe ngaphezu kwe-champignon racks. Uma ibhizinisi lakho landa, kunengqondo ukutshala imali ekufakeni ukuhlanza ukuhlunga emoyeni ohlelweni lokuphuza umoya.

Ubuchwepheshe bemifula ekhulayo

Iyini isimiso sokutshala amakhowe? Ukukhula engaphansi (inqubo yobuchwepheshe, ukucacisa) kunezici ezithile:

• Ukuzulazula. Kunconywa ukwehlukanisa indawo engaphansi kwezingxenye ezimbili - isikhathi sokukhushulwa kanye neziphuzo zazihluzwa ngqo. Iqiniso ukuthi udinga ukugcina izinhlobo ezahlukene zokushisa. Isikhala sokwenza indawo senza lula umsebenzi.
• Njengoba kushiwo, isikhathi ngasinye sidinga izinga lokushisa. Ukulima - 23 ^o C, iziphuzo zazihluzwa - 12-17 ^o C.
• Qaphela ngokucophelela izimo ze-composting ezikhonjisiwe kuphakheji. Isisekelo samahhashi kubhekwa njengesisekelo esihle kakhulu. Uma lisetshenzisiwe, kukhona isivuno esengeziwe.
• I-substrate, eyenziwa yedwa, izohlala ihamba kangcono kuneyithengiwe. Kodwa ukulondoloza isikhathi nemizamo singakathengwa.

Inqubo yokulima

Uma zonke izimo zokukhulela izigulane ezingaphansi komhlaba zihlangene, ungaqhubeka ngqo nenqubo. Indlela elula yama-Wabasaqalayo ukuyiveza ku-algorithm yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Sitshala i-mycelia ku-substrate. Njengomthetho, ngokukhula ekhaya, osomabhizinisi bathola i-mycelium ekulungele ukutshala. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi lokhu kuyisisekelo, sikhule ema-laboratories akhethekile, lapho izimo ezifanele zokuhlunga zigcinwa khona. Thenga i-mycelium yokutshala ngokusebenzisa abahambeli - ku-Inthanethi, izitolo "Konke YeJardin", kanye ngqo nabathengisi.
2. Bala inani elidingekayo le-mycelium lilula: 1 m ² - 500 amagremu "aphile" Imvelo. Uma i-mycelium unqume ukukhula kusuka ezinhlamvu, amagremu angu-400 adingekayo.
3. Inqubo yokutshala ayifani kakhulu nokujwayelekile: udinga ukwenza izimbobo, cishe u-5 cm ejulile. Ukulungiswa kahle komquba kuyoba kancane ukunyakaza. Phakathi kwezimbobo, qaphela ibanga lokungenani eli-15-20 cm. Faka ingxenye ye-mycelium emthonjeni ngamunye.
4. Ukufika, akudingeki ukuba wenze izimbobo. Imbewu imane igcwala ngokulinganayo emhlabathini. Abaqoqi be-mushroom ngokwabo bakha "indlela".
5. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhushulwa, umsebenzi wezamabhizinisi ukuqapha izinga lokumswakama kanye nombuso wokushisa. Indlela yokwenza lokhu ichazwe ngemininingwane engezansi.
6. Ukuze kuthume unomphela, umhlaba ungahlanganiswa nephepha (indwangu) futhi ifakwe emanzini.
7. Izinsuku ezingu-10-12 emva kokutshala, faka i-substrate ngolunye uhlaka lwesimo - ngokoqobo 3-4 cm. Umhlaba ulungiswe ngendlela ekhethekile: peat + lime + inhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-5: 1: 4.
8. Isikhathi sokugxila sizophela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5. Konke lokhu, gxilisa njalo umoya nomhlabathi kusuka kumfutho.
9. Isikhathi esilandelayo sokulima siphoqa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi liyancishiselwa ku-12-17 ° C. Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukufeza lokhu, kulula kakhulu ukuhambisa amashalofu kwenye ikamelo. Ngalesi sihloko ngenhla kwakuphakanyisiwe ukuklanywa phansi.
10. Ngokushesha amakhowe azoqala ukukhula. Gcina imithetho yeqoqo labo futhi ungavumeli ukuthi ama-mushroom agcwalise.

Iziteshi zokuthengisa

Umuntu ongavamile esikhathini sethu akasebenzisi ama-mushroom. Ukukhula ekhaya endlini engaphansi kunganikeza izidingo zefungi lomndeni owodwa. Kodwa uma kuziwa ebhizinisini, Yebo, udinga ukusungula iziteshi zokuthengisa. Kukusesha amaklayenti ukuthi imfihlo yokuphumelela kwalokhu kusebenza ilele.

Ama-champignon akhula endaweni encane ayifuni neze i-volume enkulu yama-mushroom aqoqwe. Ngakho-ke, insalela engayisebenzisi amalungu omndeni ingathengiswa emakethe eseduze.

Uma ngabe lolu daba lusetshenziswa futhi ufuna ukuthola imakethe "eqinile" ngaphezulu, cabangela lokhu okukhethwa kukho:

• Akudingekile ukuthengisa amakhowe ngqo kulabo abasebenzisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezihambeli kunganciphisa inzuzo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyokunikeza ukuhambisa okuqhubekayo kwama-oda. Ingabe uhlelo olunjalo luwusizo kuwe, zizinqumele wena.
• Njengomxhumanisi wokudayiswa kwamakhowe kungenza izitolo, izitolo ezinkulu, amathilomu, izindawo zokudla.
• Uma uthola isivuno esiqinile, kunengqondo ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuphetha isivumelwano sokuhlinzeka ngabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo esiphelile (ama-mushroom angaba yingxenye yama-pancake, pizza) noma ukupheka.
• Umqondo omuhle wokuphromotha ukudala iwebhusayithi yakho. Kuyo uzokwazi ukuthumela ulwazi oluwusizo kumthengi mayelana namakhowe ngokujwayelekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ikakhulukazi. Endaweni efanayo intengo, izaphulelo ezingenzeka, izimo zokulethwa kokukhiqizwa kwabathengi, idatha yokuxhumana ikhonjiswe.

Ukubalwa kwezitshalomali zezimali

Ama-champignon akhula endaweni engaphansi, ehlelwe njengebhizinisi, izobiza kakhulu eshibhile. Yiqiniso, konke kuxhomeke kwimithombo etholakalayo kanye nenani elihleliwe lokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukungabi naso isidingo sokukhokha ngokuqasha igumbi kuyinto enkulu kakhulu!

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi uma ukhula ama-mushroom, usomabhizinisi ukhulula kulokhu kusetshenziselwa imali enkulu njengokuthengwa kwemishini. Isabelo sebhubesi sesabelomali enhlanganweni yebhizinisi ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe.

Cabanga ngezinto ezisele ezisezindleko zomjikelezo we-cultivation of mushrooms:

• Izinto eziwusizo zokukhiqiza ithani elilodwa lomquba - ama-ruble angu-1000;
• I-Mycelium yama-mushroom - ama-ruble angu-500;
• Ukwenza izimo ezidingekayo esiteji - ama-ruble angu-2000.

Isamba sithola inani lama-ruble angu-3500. Njengoba uqonda, lokhu ukukhokha okungenangqondo ngokuqala isizotha kodwa ibhizinisi lakho.

Ukuzuza nokuzuza kwebhizinisi kumakhowe

Uma uye wacabangisisa kahle zonke izidingo zokutshala ama-mushroom amhlophe ezingaphansi kwezindlu, i-mycelium ngayinye ingakulethela izivuno ezingu-5-8. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi inombolo enkulu izoletha kuphela ezintathu zokuqala. Ngokuvamile, umjikelezo wokulima uzinyanga ezingu-1-2.

Landela le mithetho lapho uvunwa:

• Lawula isimo samakhowe - akufanele uvumele ukuba bagcine ngaphezulu.
• Hlela isikhathi esifanele ukuqoqa kalula - phansi kwe-mushroom ihlanganiswe nefilimu emhlophe.
• Ama-champignon, asetshalwe ekhaya, ungaguli, khumbula lokhu! Bavele badinga ukuzithoba ngokuzungezile ezungeze i-axis yayo bese bayithola.
• Uma uphuma i-mushroom, ufafaze indawo yendawo yayo nomhlaba.
• Ngokugcina imithetho elula, ukukhula kwamakhowe amasha kuzothatha amasonto ambalwa.

Sibala inzuzo elinganisiwe ebhizinisini:

• I-1 ton of umquba i-200 kg yama-mushroom, uma zonke izimo zihlangene;
• I-1 kg yalolu hlobo lwamakhowe manje kulinganiselwa ku-ruble 100-150;
• Inzuzo kusukela kumjikelezo wokuvuna - ama-ruble angu-20 000-30 000.

Njengoba ubona, inzuzo yebhizinisi ingu-100%. Izimali zizokhokha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Yiziphi izingozi ezibhekene nomninimabhizinisi?

Ama-champignon akhula endlini yangaphansi yendlu, njenganoma yimuphi omunye ibhizinisi, kuhilela izingozi ezithile kumuntu osomabhizinisi. Kudingeka baziwa futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, imiphumela emincane emibi.

• Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngomncintiswano ophezulu kule ndawo, kunzima ukuthola imakethe yokuthengisa eqinile. Qala ukwakha ukubambisana ngaphambi kokuvuna, njengoba umkhiqizo wehla ngokushesha. Ngemiqondo yokuthola abathengi, ungabona ngaphezulu.
• Ama-champignon akuzona amakhowe ase-whimsical ikakhulukazi. Kodwa-ke, zijwayele izifo, kanye nezinye izici ezithinta izithelo. Qaphela ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokulima kanye nesimo se-mycelium.

Ama-champignon akhula esingaphansi yindlela efanelekayo yebhizinisi ekhaya. Kuyakwazi ukunikeza ngesikhathi esisodwa inani lezinkampani eziningi: ukuncintisana okuphansi, isabelomali esincane sokuqala, inzuzo ye-100%, ukulula kokufika nokunakekelwa kwama-champignon. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola imali engenayo kungokoqobo kuphela uma usomabhizinisi esungula isiteshi sokuthengisa esingunaphakade. Uma uthola abathengi abakwanele noma owodwa, kodwa ukhululekile, ungabuyisa kabusha utshalomali futhi wenze inzuzo emva kokuvuna kokuqala.

Futhi qiniseka ukuthi ungabi novilapha kakhulu ukwenza uhlelo lwebhizinisi ngaphambi kokuqala umqondo, ukuze wenze izibalo ngokuningiliziwe bese ucacisa uhlelo lomsebenzi.