Indlela Dialectical ka cognition ka Hegel

Indlela dialectical yolwazi inaka zonke izenzakalo kanye netinchubo interconnection, nawubuka nokuthuthukiswa. Dialectics, njengoba isayensi, kuqala kwavela njengoba art lengxabano: yilo mkhuba elihunyushwe kusho izwi "dialectic". Indlela dialectical yokwazi emhlabeni yasungulwa by uSocrates kwaba esinye isenzakalo sibonga ayo amaSophist. Dialectics njengoba ulwazi kanye Eqinisweni ukuhlaziywa indlela kwahlongozwa ekuqaleni ngu Heraclitus (wonke umuntu uyazi ibinzana wakhe odumile othi, "Konke ageleza, izinguquko konke"), futhi kamuva akhiwa Zeno, Kant nabanye abalandeli. Kodwa kuba ngokuphelele ifomu ephelele futhi esiphelele dialectics, Hegel owawunikayo. Ngakho-ke, indlela dialectical yolwazi ngesimo lapho siyazi ukuthi, bethuthuka futhi eyethulwe Hegel ebizwa ngokuthi dialectic Hegelian.

In amazwi Hegel sika dialectical indlela cognition iyona "umoya ukushayela of ulwazi lweqiniso" futhi kusekelwe isimiso ukuthi okwenza okuqukethwe yimuphi isayensi kanye nesidingo zokuxhumana zangaphakathi.

Hegel, indlela dialectical yokuthuthukisa cwaningo, ihlaziye zonke izigaba ezibalulekile futhi eziyisisekelo ifilosofi washayelwa imithetho emithathu eyisisekelo dialectics.

Umthetho wokuqala - ngumlayo ukuguqulwa zenani ku izinga, noHezekeli. Lo mthetho sichaza futhi ichaza izindlela bazethembe. Ukuze ngokukhululekile bahlinza welithi "izinga '," ubukhulu "futhi" isilinganiso ", Hegel wabanika ukuzimisela wabiza ezintathu izinhlobo khona imibono. Ikhwalithi umsunguli dialectics ngokuthi definition yangaphakathi into noma mkhuba, okuyinto ngokuvamile ephawula into noma mkhuba. Quality ezihlukahlukene zokuphila izenzakalo futhi izinto kuyinto ngokucacile zabo, esenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa into eyodwa (mkhuba) kusuka kwenye, dala izici eliyingqayizivele futhi isici.

Gegel bathi izici qualitative banoma iyiphi into uwukubonakaliswa impahla yayo futhi izakhiwo ezichazwe into ikhono ezihlanganiswe ngendlela ethile, kute basebentisane nalabanye nekukhuluma ezihlobene nezinye izenzakalo noma izinto.

Ekhomba aphuma ambalwa ukuze izici qualitative, Hegel kugcizelelwe inqubo reverse: ushintsho kunombolo izinga. ukuhwebelana Endless komunye akusho ukuphika ukuthi ukhona izakhiwo ezithile zezinto noma izenzakalo, kodwa kuphela kubonise ukuthi ngesikhathi esithile isikhathi into impahla ethize kungenziwa kuphenduke ngenye izinga lokho kusho ukuvela isilinganiso entsha - okungukuthi, ubunye izinga nobungako bezithelo. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba athole izinga entsha into, okuyinto yena, kuzoholela kwathatha isici esisha ambalwa.

Umthetho dialectics yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i- umthetho ubunye kanye umzabalazo laphikisanako (umthetho interpenetration). Echaza umthetho Hegel yesibili okuthanda imiqondo "ungubani", "umehluko", "ukuphikisana", "ngokungafani". Noma yimuphi mkhuba, ngokuvumelana Hegel, kuwumphumela ukuphikisana yangaphakathi nokuphika kwezinhlangano Amathrendi. Ngakho-ke Hegel dialectic emibi integrally polarities ukuthi kukhona ukuhlanganisa ukwazi nokuncika komunye nomunye.

Umthetho wesithathu dialectics ababhekisela kuzo ngokuthi "the kuphikisa ka kuphika." Yena ephawula Imiphumela jikelele kanye izitayela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Umthetho kusekelwe kuphikisa elidala nge ukubukeka entsha, aphuma izinga eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kodwa kufanele lugcinwe isimo ezintathu: sokunqoba ubudala, khona-ke ngokuqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa, futhi ekugcineni, ukuthola ukuvunyelwa entsha.

On lezi yizinsika ezintathu - imithetho eyisisekelo indlela dialectical yolwazi based.