Cannon "Rapier": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, ukuhlela kabusha, nezithombe

Uma uvele enkundleni yempi, ithangi sekuyinkinga okwakwenzeka ende isikhathi infantryman. Eyokuqala yalezi imishini ayefana invulnerable, futhi walwa nabo kuphela ngokumba anti-tank oluningi emiseleni iyobangela izithiyo zenkulumo esilandelayo.

Kwabe sekufika izibhamu anti-tank, amandla okuyinto ngezindinganiso lanamuhla kuyaxaka. Ngisho ngenkathi amathangi futhi njengoba senyuse izinga zempi, zazingeke zisaba wesabe kakhulu kwalezi zikhali. Futhi lapha scene kwakukhona anti-tank izibhamu. Babengaphelele futhi nzima, kodwa emathangini avuzayo ngokushesha waqala uyabahlonipha.

Ingabe ngidinga anti-tank izibhamu namuhla?

Abantu abaningi abavamile babekholelwa ukuthi enkundleni yempi lanamuhla lolu izingalo "zakudala" akunandawo ukusho: Zempi amathangi zanamuhla aziwona njalo iphula ngisho nezinhlamvu ezuziwe, yini esingayilindela uhlobo oluthile izibhamu! Kodwa lo mbono akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Kukhona ezinye amasampula, ekwazi ukuletha eziningi izinkinga ngisho kakhulu imishini 'eziphambili ". Ngokwesibonelo, isibhamu anti-tank "Rapier" ukukhiqizwa Soviet ngaphezulu.

Isikhali Kuyathakazelisa ngakho ukuthi kufanele ukhulume ngokwehlukile. Yini thina manje ujike.

Isizinda

Azungeze phakathi 50s kwekhulu elidlule kwaba sobala ukuthi main antitank izikhali esiphuthumayo okwandisa amandla ukulwa. Isizathu Kwakubonakala amaMelika namaprojekthi yabo amathangi esindayo. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka ku-CA izingalo isibhamu D-10T futhi BS-3 (kokubili - 100 mm). Amasu kufanele engabe ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo bangase babe owanele.

Indlela elula ukhulise usayizi ... kodwa ngale ndlela kwaholela ekusungulweni ngezinsika ezinkulu, esindayo futhi ezihamba kancane izibhamu. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, onjiniyela Soviet wanquma ukuya emuva smoothbore wezikhali, eye yasetshenziswa lapha kusukela 1860 eRussia! Yini eyenza ukuba uthathe isinqumo esinjalo?

Futhi into ngesivinini, lapho ayohlakazeka abe igobolondo udibi Ukubhoboza e emgqonyeni. Noma yimuphi iphutha womshini imikhondo yokugcina hhayi kuphela iconsi ezinkulu ukunemba, kodwa futhi kwandisa ingozi yokungenwa ekubhujisweni kwabo bonke izikhali. Nge umgqomo bushelelezi isimo amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko iyunifomu ezigugile.

ukukhetha nobunzima

Kodwa uyini esikhundleni rifling thola? Phela, bekwenza ngezindleko zabo projectile igcina ukuzinza ohlangothini, okuvumela ukuba ukuqhuba umlilo ngempumelelo olude! Futhi isinqumo waphinda ukuthola endaweni yokugcina ka-The Gunners. Kwavela ukuthi ungasebenzisa projectiles enezimpiko ngoba smoothbore izibhamu. Yamanje (ngaleso sikhathi) ubuchwepheshe ukuvumela ukwenza kube hhayi kuphela ukudluliselwa (coinciding ne ubukhulu engaphakathi isibhamu), kodwa futhi kudalulwe. Uma sikubeka kalula, igobolondo wavula izindwani ngemva kokushiya ngaphandle umgqomo (njengoba RPG-7).

I ucwaningo lokuqala kanye isampula lokuqala

I ucwaningo lokuqala luye lwabonisa ukuthi ujenga amathangi ezithile isitha ethembisa kudingeka okungenani isibhamu 105-mm. Ngesikhathi ujantshi isikhathi intelligence wathola umbiko wokuthi umklamo British efanayo osezingeni isibhamu nokusebenza kuze kube manje engakaze ibonwe. umklami Chief yephrojekthi -. V. Ya afanaseva - pledged "uhambisane zikufice" nesincintisana esikhathini esifishane. UMklami abanamakhono akuzange nje babengekho ngesikhathi osinikiwe, kodwa futhi enikeziwe ithuba ukufaka isikhali entsha emathangini yasekhaya. Kuze kube yimanje, it is kancane umhlatshelo ongumcwaningi, kunciphisa igobolondo ncamashi 1000 mm.

Yavela kanjalo-ke "Ucwecwe" - anti-tank isibhamu, isithombe eye esinikezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe lesi sihloko.

Lokho lalisetshenziswa indalo yayo?

Ukuze kusheshiswe umsebenzi, sathatha ukuthutha kusukela kwaqhuma D-48, kancane ukulungisa isakhiwo yayo. Kodwa ukuhlolwa ensimini ngokushesha wabonisa ukuthi akayena umuntu kakhulu hlipok ngokuba zomculo ezintsha. Kwadingeka yenza le ngxenye kusuka ekuqaleni. New ukuhlolwa isibhamu udumo wafakwa inkonzo. It is njengoba ithuluzi gauge 105 mm "T-12" ezaziwayo. "Rapier" isampula yesimanje kakhulu kuyahluka kuwo.

Isiqu sawo e-isibhamu esisha senziwa elilodwa-piece iphethini. Ubude - 6510 mm. Abaklami wakhetha ukusebenzisa asebenzayo-esisheshayo zinhlobo nomlomo ukubopha. I breech ifakwe mpo nhlonhlo esangweni. Labadubuli kwenziwa ngokuqondile amasondo, nenkanuko edlulele owengeziwe (by ekuvimbeni ukumiswa) kungadingeki.

Ukuze sikusize nje osezingqondweni zethu, ukuthi uyakwazi isibhamu "Rapier", izimfanelo esizokhuluma zaveza kafushane, ukunikela sibheke etafuleni.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuyinto - hhayi isibhamu yesimanje "Rapier". Zibonisa izinguqulo zayo okuningi eyingozi.

Izimpawu izinhlamvu

Ukuze anti-tank isibhamu nezinhlamvu - esimweni sokuqala. Ngisho phenomenally yesikhathi eside futhi isikhali okunokwethenjelwa iphenduka ibe "ithanga", uma usebenzisa yisikhathi, amagobolondo eliphansi ngenxa yalo. Futhi isibhamu "Rapier", elibonisa izici ukusebenza ephakeme yethu - ubufakazi engcono.

Ezakhiwe ngayo izikhali ezintsha futhi ilethe izinkinga, ngoba kwadingeka ukuba ziveze kabusha. Uhlobo main - Ukubhoboza futhi ezuziwe. Ukubhubhisa izisebenzi isitha usebenzisa indinganiso uhlobo ephezulu kuqhume badutshulwe. Ukutadisha Ukubala kusetshenziswa ukufunda ukubhoboza projectiles. Manengi izinkinga zilethwe izimpaphe wale mithandazo, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kudalwa into ethi ayifane naleyo nje engazange abe khona, futhi ngempela smoothbore 100mm isibhamu ingakamiswa kahle yingcweti by imboni yasekhaya.

Ubunzima kwaba ukuthi projectile nge izindwani lizihlalele Lazola ngokwanele ngokuqinile isiteshi stem ngaphandle obumba backlash. lapha futhi zenziwa njengoba inqwaba kulahliwe kwelwati, kodwa ayikho kuzo eyanelisa bonke izidingo abaklami. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa umsebenzi kwaba isinqumo eyayinikelwa ekuqaleni futhi wenqaba 'ngenxa bakudala. " Lokhu waphinda ukuqinisekisile ukuthi iningi elula - ngokuvamile enokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

Isixazululo entsha

Umnyombo kuleli cala ecelwa ukuba enze engagqwali maraging steel. Ithiphu-ehlukanisayo igobolondo - kusukela ezivamile kakhulu steel wanyathela ishidi, esetshenziswa ukwenza ezinye izingxenye isimame umsila. Feathering "imicibisholo" kusuka ekhethekile yabalingisi aluminium ingxubevange, futhi kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi aluminium Anodizing kudinga olunye. Tracer ocindezelwe ingaphakathi umsila futhi eminye eqondiswa uxhumano yochungechunge kanye nengaphakathi.

Umsebenzi omningi ubelokhu ehamba phambili ibhande igobolondo: ekugcineni kuxazululwe phezu inketho kathathu, izakhi zazo iye yahlanganiswa obtyuriruyuschim zethusi indandatho. Lapho nje projectile eshiya umgqomo isiteshi amabutho sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza omane kokubahlubula band, kanye "Umcibisholo", ukuvula izimpaphe, odlula amathangi. Ngezinye ibanga 750 amamitha ukuphambuka akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 2,5 ° phezu umugqa ovundlile ifihlekile.

Izici ezinye izinhlobo isibhamu

standard Okunqwabelanayo futhi isibhamu ephezulu alufakwa anamagama ahlelwe njengoJohane. Ngokuqondene nabo futhi umzimba projectile isandla ohlanganiswe emikhonweni ezingemuva, okuyinto unamathele feathering. Umehluko kwaba ukungabi obtyuriruyuschego ibhande ubukhulu efanayo isiqu. Ukuze amagobolondo ezuziwe esetshenziswa bushing nge izindwani ezinhlanu feathering, futhi uma kwenzeka ephezulu alufakwa shot - eziyisithupha.

isibhamu Okunqwabelanayo futhi ephezulu alufakwa izimfuno akunjalo phezulu emkhonweni, kodwa ngoba benza ongavamile (lacquer kuhlinzwa) ensimbi. Sabot projectiles uhlobo olufanayo ofakelwe ngokukhethekile eliphezulu zethusi emikhonweni okungahambisani ziguge njengoba izikhali. "Ucwecwe" - isibhamu ngaleso sikhathi eqolo, ngakho ochwepheshe babefuna nganoma iyiphi indlela ukwandisa ukuphila zenkonzo yalo.

Ukuqedelela amagobolondo

Kodwa nge ukwamukelwa of izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkinga isibhamu sisanda kuqala, njengoba zonke zidinga wokubuyekeza sina. Ikakhulu, i-projectiles ukubhoboza lwangena izingqimba kahle thwi ahlelwe zempi, kodwa babhekana ne slanted kude kancane iyakholweka. I projectile noma ukungena ngemvume zempi ngaphansi engela abanye kungenzeki, noma umane Ricochet. Landfills iphukile inqwaba amathangi elingasekho empini, kuyilapho izazi aye athola isisombululo amukeleka kuze lonke.

izakhi okusha ekuklanyweni

It wathatha nje engeza ukuba ukwakhiwa kwalesi "indumezulu" core esingeziwe ingxubevange eliqinile le kakhulu. Uma le ngxenye iye kwetfulwa (enesisindo 800g kuphela), eyenziwe tungsten Carbide, lo labadubuli ngokushesha wabonisa imiphumela kumnandi: ukuba bakwazi ukungena ngumuntu zempi ezitshekile linyuke ngo-60%!

Ngokushesha zonke lezi zici ziye ihlolwe in practice. Cannon "Rapier" ukulwa nokusetshenziswa olwaqala ngesikhathi sigameko kule Golan Heights, luveza imiphumela emihle Ukungena.

ukuqhubeka iphrojekthi

Maduze, isibhamu esisha, futhi yabhekisela emathangini avuzayo Soviet. Bajatshuliswa amandla ephansi ukufinyela smoothbore isibhamu isisindo sawo ukukhanya. amasampula lokuqala zathathwa ezisheshayo, lawo ngokushesha ngayo kwakuhlala isikhathi eside phezu ezempi.

Kokuba efakwe chassis ethangini T-54, entsha 100 mm inganono "Rapier" wangishaya target ukufunda (ezidonswe izindlu okufanayo T-54) ilungelo ngokusebenzisa, kanye amabanga eqolo. Yezimvu, lelo okuthi abadlale indima crew, cishe lutho kwesokunxele.

Ngo-1960 elungisiwe a wayefisa isimo isibhamu "Rapier" waqala ukukhweza phezu chassis wazibonela (ngesisekelo T-55). Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wonke ukuhlolwa seziqedile D54, njengoba entsha smoothbore isibhamu kuboniswe bokuphakama yayo ngokuphelele. Ngokungafani "elihamba" ukulungiswa ithangi amagobolondo ku kulolu chungechunge akuyona ukubopha nomlomo. nje kwezinyanga eziyisithupha tank isibhamu "Rapier" (izithombe zazo kungabonwa kule material) wafakwa isevisi ngaphansi kophawu 2A20 "Stiletto."

I-iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu akudingekile ikakhulu ubukhulu 100 mm. Sikhishwe yokuthi amathangi Soviet ayikaze usayizi eqolo kanye nesisindo, futhi isifonyo ukubopha kakhulu sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukufakwa yayo isakhiwo ithangi yasekhaya kwakwenziwa kuphela ezimweni lapho zonke ezinye izindlela ziye wazama lokukhansela futhi enganikanga Chile wayefisa.

ukulungiswa entsha

Ngo-1970 ekuseni isibhamu "Rapier" beshintsha futhi. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umsebenzi lososayensi nonjiniyela laba ithuluzi T-12A (2A29). Metallurgists kanye bamakhemikhali bathole indlela ukukhiqiza iziqu eziqine kakhudlwana ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo wanikeza isisekelo ukuhlolwa entsha, izinhlamvu ukugqanyiswa.

Nakulokhu futhi, ukuthutha iye kabusha ngokuphelele, kwaphumela kulokho okuye kwaba cishe aluqede ngokuphelele vibration uma ngokudubula, isilinganiso esisebenzayo rose pheze ngesiquntu. Lwakhiwe futhi yamukelwa emehlweni ubusuku nokudubula, kanye radar eziyinkimbinkimbi, eyenzelwe kokubili ubusuku nemini uma ukubonakala ayiyinhle (uthuli iziphepho, isibonelo). Ngaphandle lokhu ukuguqulwa kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa, njengoba ngesibhamu nomlomo ukubopha ifana shaker usawoti.

Kanyekanye ukuguqulwa 2A29 bamukela entsha ngokuphelele subcaliber projectile nengxenye yokusebenza kwakhiwa kusukela ehlukahlukene yocezu olulodwa tungsten ingxubevange. munition kwanyuka kancane, kodwa uhla labadubuli kunyuke ngo-30%. Ukulandela uhlelo olusha Iincwajana ukulwa nezisebenzi izibhamu. Lathi lokhu kudubula ngcono Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe kusukela elidala "Rapier" 2A19 akuvunyelwe nakancane, njengoba kungenzeka ukudabuka umgqomo.

Kusukela 1971, ochungechungeni okuhambe olusha ithangi "Rapier" ngaphansi T-12A - 2A20M1 "Stiletto."

isiphetho

Kuze kube manje, lo isikhali kakhulu iphelelwe yisikhathi. Kukholakala ukuthi "Rapier" inganono ayisakwazi isiqinisekiso Ukungena engaguquki kakhulu yezembatho zethu amathangi yesimanje, kodwa ezimweni ezithile it is ngempela ukubhekana nemisebenzi yawo.

Ngakho, ngesikhathi kushayisana zaseYugoslavia yasetshenziselwa yizo zonke izinhlangothi futhi kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi leli thuluzi ekahle ukulawula ukukhanya izimoto armored lesitha (okuyinto ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho BMP yasekhaya kabili). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu "Rapier" (isithombe ngenhla), cishe ngokuqinisekile kungashaya iningi NATO amathangi ohlangothini nengemuva. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi "Isalukazi" namanje zakuqala khulu ukuya embhedeni.